Catarina Maia Seco Seiça Neves Sistemas Aquosos Bifásicos com ...
Catarina Maia Seco Seiça Neves Sistemas Aquosos Bifásicos com ...
Catarina Maia Seco Seiça Neves Sistemas Aquosos Bifásicos com ...
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Figure 12. Experimental solubility values adjusted with Eq. 2: ○, [C1mim][Tf2N]; ,<br />
[C4mim][PF6]; ×, [C2mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C3mim][Tf2N] 35 ; , [C2C2mim][Tf2N]; ,<br />
[C4mim][Tf2N] 35 ; –, [C4C1mim][Tf2N]; +, [C5mim][Tf2N] 35 . ............................................ 22<br />
Figure 13. Predicted values and experimental data: , Solubility of water in ILs; , <br />
Solubility of ILs in water. ................................................................................................... 30<br />
Figure 14. Chemical structure of L-tryptophan. .................................................................. 36<br />
Figure 15. Chemical structure of the ILs studied: (i) [C1mim][Cl]; (ii) [C2mim][Cl]; (iii)<br />
[C4mim][Cl]; (iv) [C6mim][Cl]; (v) [C7H7mim][Cl]; (vi) [amim][Cl]; (vii)<br />
[OHC2mim][Cl]; (viii) [im][Cl]; (ix) [C1im][Cl]; (x) [C2im][Cl]; (xi) [C2mim][CF3SO3];<br />
(xii) [C2mim][CH3SO3]; (xiii) [C2mim][Br]; (xiv) [C2mim][MeSO4]; (xv)<br />
[C2mim][EtSO4]; (xvi) [C2mim][CH3CO2] ; (xvii) [C4mim][HSO4]; (xviii) [C4mim][TFA];<br />
(xix) [C4mim][N(CN)2]; (xx) [C4mim][Br]; (xxi) [C4mim][CF3SO3]; (xxii)<br />
[C4mim][CH3SO3]; (xxiii) [C4mim][CH3CO2]. .................................................................. 38<br />
Figure 16. Experimental determination of the binodal curve for the aqueous systems IL-<br />
K3PO4: a) addition of K3PO4 for the cloud point detection; b) addition of water for the<br />
clean point detection. ........................................................................................................... 39<br />
Figure 17. Experimental determination of the TLs ............................................................. 39<br />
Figure 18. Phase diagram for the di-substituted imidazolium-based ternary systems<br />
<strong>com</strong>posed by IL + K3PO4 + H2O at 298 K: , [C1mim][Cl]; ■, [C2mim][Cl]; □,<br />
[C4mim][Cl]; , [C6mim][Cl]; +, [C7H7mim][Cl]; ◊, [amim][Cl]; ▲, [OHC2mim][Cl]. ... 42<br />
Figure 19. Phase diagram for the un- and mono-substituted imidazolium-based ternary<br />
systems <strong>com</strong>posed by IL + K3PO4 + H2O at 298 K: ○, [im][Cl]; ▬ , [C1im][Cl] and Δ,<br />
[C2im][Cl]. ........................................................................................................................... 43<br />
Figure 20. Phase diagram for the un-, mono- and di-substituted imidazolium-based ternary<br />
systems <strong>com</strong>posed by IL + K3PO4 + H2O at 298 K: ○, [im][Cl]; ▬ , [C1im][Cl] and Δ,<br />
[C2im][Cl]; , [C1mim][Cl]; ■, [C2mim][Cl]; □, [C4mim][Cl]; , [C6mim][Cl]; +,<br />
[C7H7mim][Cl]; ◊, [amim][Cl]; ▲, [OHC2mim][Cl]. ......................................................... 44<br />
Figure 21. Phase diagrams for [C2mim]-based ternary systems <strong>com</strong>posed by IL + K3PO4 +<br />
H2O at 298 K: , [C2mim][CF3SO3]; ▲, [C2mim][EtSO4]; +, [C2mim][CH3CO2]; □,<br />
[C2mim][MeSO4]; ×, [C2mim][Br]; ▬ , [C2mim][Cl]; ○, [C2mim][CH3SO3]. ..................... 45<br />
Figure 22. Phase diagrams for [C4mim]-based ternary systems <strong>com</strong>posed by IL + K3PO4 +<br />
H2O at 298 K: , [C4mim][CF3SO3]; , [C4mim][N(CN)2]; □, [C4mim][HSO4];▲,<br />
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