a Guide to Management - USGS National Wetlands Research Center

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f$c 3piniccs and rec~mendations expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, nor does the mention of trade names constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the Federal Government. Suggested citation: Simons, R.W., S.W. Vince, and S.R. Humphrey. 1989. Hydric hammocks: a guide to management. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol* Rep. 85(7.26 Supplement). 89 pp.
PREFACE The emphasis of this guide is on hydric hammock, a distinctive type of forested wetland occurring at low elevations along the gulf coast of Florida from Aripeka to St. Marks and at various inland sites in Florida. This is a companion volume to a descriptive profile of the same community (U.S. Fish and Wild1 ife Service Biological Report 85(7.26)). Re1 atively 1 i ttle research has been conducted on hydric hammock. It has not been adequately defined and described, and no thorbugh body of information on its management has been accumulated. Consequently, no systematic way of defining management options or judging their efficacy has been avail able. The purpose of this guide is to explain how the nature and functioning of the hydric-hammock community determines its best management. Information for the guide was gathered from published and unpublished literature, from personal communication with many technical experts, and from our own field experience. Because little has been pub1 ished about hydric hammocks, much of this report is based on subjective opinions of ecologists, foresters, and 1 and managers, including the authors, who have worked with and studied this habitat, and on extrapolation of information from other, similar habitats. It is hoped that the content and format of this report will be useful to a broad spectrum of users, including other scientists, students, resource managers and planners, teachers, and interested citizens. The document includes a brief description of the community, a history of its use, its present functions and alterations, and the available management techniques and options. iii
Page 2 and 3: t ,blzrnry Na'jonal Wetlands Resear
Page 6 and 7: CONVERSION TABLE Metric to U.S. Cus
Page 8 and 9: 5.4 WATER MANAGEMENT . . . . . . .
Page 10 and 11: 28 Effects of forest thinning on th
Page 12 and 13: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to
Page 14 and 15: SAN FELASCO ORANGE LAKE SILVER SPRI
Page 16 and 17: sweetgum timber, with values reachi
Page 18 and 19: temperate-zone di stpi butions that
Page 20 and 21: Table 2. (Continued). Scientific na
Page 22 and 23: from numerous field trips and consu
Page 24 and 25: Species Table 3. Endangered or thre
Page 26 and 27: coast is particularly important for
Page 28 and 29: along creeks in flatwoods and sand-
Page 30 and 31: 3.4 PRE-COLUMBIAN HUNiiNG AND GATHE
Page 32 and 33: Figure 4. Hog pen in coastal hydric
Page 34 and 35: were heavily looted, and most of th
Page 36 and 37: 4.1 OWNERSHIP CHAPTER 4. PRESENT US
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8. Limerock pit in inland hy
Page 40 and 41: still proceeds in these areas and c
Page 42 and 43: Figure 11. An extensive clearcut of
Page 44 and 45: Figure 14. Bedding rows for pine se
Page 46 and 47: Figure 16. Two-year-old loblolly pi
Page 48 and 49: Table 7. Nutrient and sediment expo
Page 50 and 51: such as pine flatwoods, prairie, or
Page 52 and 53: . loo/: 90 0. virginiano Q. @ incon
Page 54 and 55:
volume and will hold all the runoff
Page 56 and 57:
experiment, seed7 ing density was s
Page 58 and 59:
canoeing (on adjacent rivers and in
Page 60 and 61:
9 1940 1980 2020 2060 YEAR Figure 2
Page 62 and 63:
In prehistoric times, periodic fire
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 24. lnvasion of hydric hamnx
Page 66 and 67:
14. Is recreational use important a
Page 68 and 69:
the canopy, health, and straightnes
Page 70 and 71:
a1 though there is considerable var
Page 72 and 73:
oots to which it is root-grafted, b
Page 74 and 75:
cattle. Prescribed burns often are
Page 76 and 77:
eftluent wniie returnir~y Ii~e whta
Page 78 and 79:
- the mesic hammock upslope also ha
Page 80 and 81:
arred owl, flycatchers, tufted titm
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 29. Debris pile on a hydric
Page 84 and 85:
. -.... 1 IYGL), wi~iit~ iire an ef
Page 86 and 87:
FE r~t, si-iliai i ar.eas itray not
Page 88 and 89:
in order to protect watershed, wi l
Page 90 and 91:
management efforts that can benefit
Page 92 and 93:
Bryant, W.C., editor. 1872. Davjs,
Page 94 and 95:
Harlow, R.F. 1959. An evaluation of
Page 96 and 97:
I S F n A understanding . American
Page 98 and 99:
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 47:591-
Page 100 and 101:
Tuschall , J.R., P.L. Brezoni k, an
Page 102:
Hvdrick Hammocks: a Guide to Manage
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