a Guide to Management - USGS National Wetlands Research Center

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5.4 WATER MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - . - . 62 5.4.L Mi tigation of Impacts of Timber Production 63 5.4.2 Mi tigation of Impacts of Wastewater ~isposal . 63 5*5 WILDLIF~ MANAGEMENT ........................... . ....* 65 65 5*5*1 Management of Habitat Quantity and Qua1 itY . -- 5.5.2 Management and Protection of Wild1 ife papal ations 70 5.6 MULTIPLE-USE MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
FIGURES Number Pase Distribution of hydric hammocks in Florida ................ Typical hydric hammocks ................................... Cattle pen in coastal hydric hammock. Gulf Hammock ........ Hog pen in coastal hydric hammock. Gulf Hammock ........... 2 11 19 20 Use of live oak in the construction of the U.S.S. Constitution .............................................. Live oak cutting in Florida. 1859 ......................... Location of pub1 icly owned hydric hammocks in Florida ..... Limerock pit in inland hydric hammock. Gulf Hammock ....... 21 22 24 26 Real estate development from 1944 to 1974 in hydric hammock. Homosassa Springs. Citrus County. Florida ........ A modern logging operation in hydric hammock. Gulf Hammock . 27 2 9 An extensive clearcut of hydric hammock on timber-company land, Gulf Hammock ........................................ Extent of clearcuts in Gulf Hammock in 1972 and 1984 ..... Ground view of a clearcut in hydric hammock. Gulf Hammock . Bedding rows for pine seedlings in hydric hammock ......... 30 30 3 1 32 Dense thicket of trees. shrubs. and vines on a hydrichammock site about 10 years after clear.cutting ........... Two-year-old lob101 ly pine plantation in Gul f Hammock ..... 33 34 Preference of gray squirrels for acorns of various species of oaks ................................................... 40 Effect of water depth on mortality of wetland hardwood trees ..................................................... 40 Expansion of hydric hammock (Shep's Is1 and) into freshwater marsh. Myakka River State Park. 1957.72 ................... 41 Proposed storm water management plan for San Fel asco Vi 11 as. Deer Run Unit 3. Alachua County. Florida .................. Sea-level rise at Cedar Key. Florida. 1915.80, and projected rise to the year 2075 ........................... 43 48 Rising sea level is indicated by the presence of cabbage palm stumps in gulf coastal salt marsh .................... 49 Hydric-hammock forest structure with and without frequent fire ...................................................... Invasion of hydric hammock by cogon grass ................. Common timber harvesting schemes in hydric hammock and their impacts On species ~ ~ m p ~ ...................... ~ i t i ~ n Fire scars on cabbage palm in hydric hammock .............. ~el~ti~nship of deer body mass to mast production in two Florida habitats .......................................... 50 52 55 61 66 vii
Page 2 and 3: t ,blzrnry Na'jonal Wetlands Resear
Page 4 and 5: f$c 3piniccs and rec~mendations exp
Page 6 and 7: CONVERSION TABLE Metric to U.S. Cus
Page 10 and 11: 28 Effects of forest thinning on th
Page 12 and 13: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to
Page 14 and 15: SAN FELASCO ORANGE LAKE SILVER SPRI
Page 16 and 17: sweetgum timber, with values reachi
Page 18 and 19: temperate-zone di stpi butions that
Page 20 and 21: Table 2. (Continued). Scientific na
Page 22 and 23: from numerous field trips and consu
Page 24 and 25: Species Table 3. Endangered or thre
Page 26 and 27: coast is particularly important for
Page 28 and 29: along creeks in flatwoods and sand-
Page 30 and 31: 3.4 PRE-COLUMBIAN HUNiiNG AND GATHE
Page 32 and 33: Figure 4. Hog pen in coastal hydric
Page 34 and 35: were heavily looted, and most of th
Page 36 and 37: 4.1 OWNERSHIP CHAPTER 4. PRESENT US
Page 38 and 39: Figure 8. Limerock pit in inland hy
Page 40 and 41: still proceeds in these areas and c
Page 42 and 43: Figure 11. An extensive clearcut of
Page 44 and 45: Figure 14. Bedding rows for pine se
Page 46 and 47: Figure 16. Two-year-old loblolly pi
Page 48 and 49: Table 7. Nutrient and sediment expo
Page 50 and 51: such as pine flatwoods, prairie, or
Page 52 and 53: . loo/: 90 0. virginiano Q. @ incon
Page 54 and 55: volume and will hold all the runoff
Page 56 and 57: experiment, seed7 ing density was s
Page 58 and 59:
canoeing (on adjacent rivers and in
Page 60 and 61:
9 1940 1980 2020 2060 YEAR Figure 2
Page 62 and 63:
In prehistoric times, periodic fire
Page 64 and 65:
Figure 24. lnvasion of hydric hamnx
Page 66 and 67:
14. Is recreational use important a
Page 68 and 69:
the canopy, health, and straightnes
Page 70 and 71:
a1 though there is considerable var
Page 72 and 73:
oots to which it is root-grafted, b
Page 74 and 75:
cattle. Prescribed burns often are
Page 76 and 77:
eftluent wniie returnir~y Ii~e whta
Page 78 and 79:
- the mesic hammock upslope also ha
Page 80 and 81:
arred owl, flycatchers, tufted titm
Page 82 and 83:
Figure 29. Debris pile on a hydric
Page 84 and 85:
. -.... 1 IYGL), wi~iit~ iire an ef
Page 86 and 87:
FE r~t, si-iliai i ar.eas itray not
Page 88 and 89:
in order to protect watershed, wi l
Page 90 and 91:
management efforts that can benefit
Page 92 and 93:
Bryant, W.C., editor. 1872. Davjs,
Page 94 and 95:
Harlow, R.F. 1959. An evaluation of
Page 96 and 97:
I S F n A understanding . American
Page 98 and 99:
Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 47:591-
Page 100 and 101:
Tuschall , J.R., P.L. Brezoni k, an
Page 102:
Hvdrick Hammocks: a Guide to Manage
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a Guide to Management - USGS National Wetlands Research Center

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