SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 543 ...

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134 Key to Genera of Gnathophyllidae SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY 1. Third pereopod with dactyl biunguiculate 2 Third pereopod with dactyl basally broad, subtriangular, armed with single extensodistal spine 3 2. Rostrum dentate dorsally; telson bearing 2 or 3 pairs of spines on posterior margin; 3rd pereopod with extensor tooth of dactyl longer than flexor tooth Gnathophyllum Rostrum unarmed; telson bearing 1 pair of stout, downcurved spines on posterior margin; 3rd pereopod with flexor tooth of dactyl longer than extensor tooth Pycnocaris Bruce, 1972g:50 (Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean; seaward flats, associated with holothurians) 3. Second maxilliped conventional, not elongate Gnathophylloides Second maxilliped remarkably elongate, overreaching 1 st pereopod Levicaris Bruce, 1973f:28 (Ryukyu and Marshall islands, and Hawaii; associated with echinoids Heterocentrotus) Gnathophylloides Schmitt, 1933 Gnathophylloides Schmitt, 1933:5 [type species, by monotypy: Gnathophylloides mined Schmitt, 1933:7; gender: masculine]. DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum with dorsal teeth; telson with 3 pairs of spines on posterior margin; 2nd maxilliped not unusually elongate; 3rd pereopod with dactyl composed of subtriangular lamina bearing extensodistal spine. RANGE.—Zanzibar, Seychelles, Western Australia, Hawaii, and western Atlantic; associated with echinoids. REMARKS.—Neither of the two currently recognized species of Gnathophylloides has been recorded from the Philippine- Indonesian region, but it is probable that they will eventually be found there. They are comparatively characterized in Bruce (1973f:27). 178. Gnathophylloides mineri Schmitt, 1933 Gnathophylloides mineri Schmitt, 1933:7, fig. 3 [type locality: Ensenada, Puerto Rico]; 1935:167, fig. 31.—Bruce, 1974e:313, fig. 1. DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum not overreaching eyes; carapace rounded anteroventrally; telson with lateral margin convex, posterior margin not bilobed, without posteromedian carina; eyestalk not extending distally beyond cornea; antennal scale widest in proximal l /2, lateral margin distinctly concave; mandible without trace of incisor process; 2nd maxilliped with 2 distal segments, together, subquadrate; 3rd maxilliped with antepenultimate segment 1 3 A times as long as wide in proximal '/2, lateral margin slightly convex, exopod longer than endopod; 1st pereopod without acute distal prolongation on basis; 2nd pereopod with chela about 3 times as long as wide, movable finger unarmed on opposable margin; color pattern of single wide longitudinal stripe of dark brown or black; maximum postorbital carapace length 2.3 mm. RANGE.—Zanzibar, Seychelles, New South Wales, Australia, Tonga Islands, Hawaii, and western Atlantic from Florida to Yucatan and Grenadines: associated with echinoids Tripneustes. 179. Gnathophylloides robustus Bruce, 1973 Gnathophylloides robustus Bruce, 1973f:17, figs. 1-7 [type locality: off Point Moore, Geraldton, Western Australia; associated with echinoid Centrostephanus in 3 meters]. DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum overreaching eyes; carapace acute anteroventrally; telson with lateral margins nearly straight, posterior margin bilobed, with short posteromedian carina; eyestalk produced distally beyond cornea; antennal scale with margins subparallel, lateral margin nearly straight; mandible with vestige of incisor process; 2nd maxilliped with 2 distal segments, together, elongate triangular; 3rd maxilliped with antepenultimate segment 3 3 A times as long as wide, lateral margin distinctly concave, exopod shorter than endopod; 1st pereopod with acute distal prolongation on basis; 2nd pereopod with chela about 5 times as long as wide, movable finger with single tooth on opposable margin; color pattern of fine longitudinal red stripes; maximum postorbital carapace length 6.2 mm. RANGE.—Known only from the type locality off Western Australia; associated with echinoid, Centrostephanus. REMARKS.—Because of the numerous differences, especially in the second and third maxillipeds, between the two species assigned to Gnathophylloides, G. robustus may qualify as a distinct genus, unless intermediate forms eventually appear. Gnathophyllum Latreille, 1819 Gnatophyllum Latreille, 1819:72 [type species, selected by H. Milne Edwards in Cuvier, 1837, pi. 52: fig. 2: Alpheus elegans Risso, 1816:92; gender neuter]. Gnathophyllum Desmarest, 1823:322-324 [emendation of Gnatophyllum Latreille, 1819]. Drimo Risso, 1827:70 [type species, by monotypy: Alpheus Elegans Risso, 1816:92; gender: masculine].
NUMBER 543 I35 DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum with dorsal teeth; telson with 2 or 3 with echinoids. pairs of spines on posterior margin; 2nd maxilliped short and REMARKS.—Eight currently recognized species of Gnathobroad; 3rd maxilliped operculate; 3rd pereopod biunguiculate. phyllum, covered in the following key, are remarkably similar RANGE.—Pantropical and subtropical; sometimes associated morphologically but most display diagnostic color patterns. Key to Species of Gnathophyllum 1. Posterior tooth of dorsal rostral series situated on rostrum, proper, anterior to level of posterior orbital margin; nearly uniformly dark colored with or without pale transverse stripes 2 Posterior tooth of dorsal rostral series situated directly above or posterior to level of posterior orbital margin; color pattern consisting of spots, either few large, discretely distributed, and encircled with dark pigment or numerous small, crowded, not peripherally accentuated 3 2. Cornea of eye distinctly ogival; 3rd pereopod usually more slender, merus 3.2-6.5 times as long as wide; carapace and abdomen, except for 6th somite and telson, dark brown with whitish transverse stripes-6 on carapace, 10 on 5 anterior abdominal somites; ovigerous females with portorbital carapace length 2.3-4.4 mm 180. G. americanum Cornea of eye with or without distinct distal papilla; 3rd pereopod usually stouter, merus 2.9-4.0 times as long as wide; carapace and abdomen usually uniformly blackish, fading on posterior x li of telson; ovigerous females with postorbital carapace length 1.8-2.3 mm G. ascensione Manning and Chace, 1990:11, figs. 5, 6, 8 (Ascension Island, South Atlantic; probably associated with echinoids) 3. Telson with posterior pair of lateral spines situated so far posteriorly as to be hardly distinguishable from true posterior spines; color pattern consisting of few large spots encircled with dark pigment 4 Telson with posterior pair of lateral spines variably but distinctly removed anteriorly from posterior spines; color pattern consisting of numerous small, crowded spots not bounded by dark color 5 4. Pereopods slender, dactyl of 3rd pair with accessory tooth on flexor margin sharply acute, propodus more than 12 times as long as wide; color brown marked with discrete darker reddish brown circles G. circellum Manning, 1963:54, figs. 3, 4 (Florida Keys and Bahamas, western Atlantic; cryptic in coral heads to depth of 6 meters) Pereopods stouter, dactyl of 3rd pair with accessory tooth on flexor margin broadly rather than sharply acute, propodus less than 8 times as long as wide; color orange marked with cream-colored spots outlined in dark brown or black G. splendens Chace and Fuller, 1971:493, figs. 1-5 (Puerto Rico, western Atlantic) 5. Antennular peduncle with stylocerite overreaching distal margin of 1st segment 6 Antennular peduncle with stylocerite not reaching level of distal margin of 1st segment 7 6. Rostrum armed with 4 or more dorsal teeth; principal color pattern consisting of light spots on dark brown background G. panamense Faxon, 1893:198 (Gulf of California, Panama, Galapagos Islands; tidepools to 20 meters) Rostrum armed with only 2 dorsal teeth; principal color pattern consisting of brown spots on light yellow background G. precipuum Titgen, 1989:203 (Hawaii; 9-12 meters)
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I The Caridean Shrimps (Crustacea:
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S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
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Contents Page Introduction 1 Acknow
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NUMBER 543 *69. Coralliocaris grami
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NUMBER 543 vii •152. Periclimenes
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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
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attached plants in shallow water. R
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8 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOL
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10 Palaemon dispar Palaemon alphons
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12 figs. 1-4 Sichuan, China Palaemo
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14 "Jamaica in Flussen" = Macrobrac
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16 Palaemon mexicanus De Saussure,
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18 "East Indies?" and/or West Indie
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20 Gunong Pulai Estate, Johore, Mal
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22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
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24 level of distal end of antennal
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26 FIGURE 4.—Macrobrachium equide
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28 FIGURE 6.—Macrobrachium idae,
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32 Palaemon (Macrobrachium) singala
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34 length but nearly similar in for
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36 FIGURE 14.—Macrobrachium placi
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38 44. Macrobrachium sintangense (D
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40 Key to Philippine-Indonesian Spe
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42 Leander by Holthuis (1950a)—an
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46 ANCHISTIA Dana, 1852a: 17 Type s
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48 Corallocaris perlatus—See Peri
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50 Lipkebe holthuisi Chace, 1969:26
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52 Mulaku Atoll, Maldive Islands an
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54 Besar, Kepulauan Kai, Indonesia;
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56 118. Periclimenes cristimanus Br
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58 Periclimenes leptodactylus Bruce
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60 Alpheus scriptus Risso, 1822:247
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62 macrophthalma Pontonia maculata
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64 Bahia de Gardner, Isla Espanola,
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72 58. Anchistus custoides Bruce, 1
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76 Japan. It is here noted that it
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78 71. Coralliocaris venusta Kemp,
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80 74. Dasycaris ceratops Holthuis,
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82 2. Key to Species of Harpiliopsi
Page 94 and 95: 84 Key to Species of Jocaste SMITHS
Page 96 and 97: 86 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
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Page 102 and 103: 92 Key to Philippine-Indonesian Spe
Page 104 and 105: 94 slightly more than two segments,
Page 110 and 111: 100 prominence on 3rd somite, 6th s
Page 112 and 113: 102 105. Periclimenes alcocki Kemp,
Page 114 and 115: 104 Archipelago, Philippines, in 47
Page 116 and 117: 106 distolateral spine on basal seg
Page 118 and 119: 108 without compressed dorsal promi
Page 120 and 121: 110 ing antennal scale, sometimes s
Page 122 and 123: 112 male; abdomen without compresse
Page 124 and 125: 114 nearly or quite as long as palm
Page 126 and 127: 116 DIAGNOSIS.—Integument smooth,
Page 128 and 129: 118 5-7/1-2. posteriormost tooth no
Page 130 and 131: 120 pereopod slightly overreaching
Page 132 and 133: 122 1969a: 149, figs. 4, 5 [type lo
Page 134 and 135: 124 tooth on flexor margin; 3rd per
Page 136 and 137: 126 eye with cornea hemispherical,
Page 138 and 139: 128 DIAGNOSIS.—Rostrum with stron
Page 140 and 141: 130 RANGE.—Oman, Tanzania, Indone
Page 142 and 143: 132 than seven, dorsal rostral teet
Page 146 and 147: 136 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
Page 148 and 149: Abele, L.G. 1971. A New Species of
Page 150 and 151: 140 Ocean (Decapoda Natantia, Palae
Page 152 and 153: 142 1989b. A Report on Some Coral R
Page 154 and 155: 144 du Congo Beige, Zoologie, serie
Page 156 and 157: 146 Monatsberichte der Koniglich Pr
Page 158 and 159: 148 1829. Crustacis, Arachnides et
Page 160 and 161: 150 Pesta, O. 1911. Beitrag zur Ken
Page 162 and 163: 152 Crustaceana, 56{2):200-210, fig
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