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(ii) Voice ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 (iii) Dramatic performance -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 (iv) Musical instruments ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75 (v) Social identification ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 3.4 CONCLUSION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 79 CHAPTER 4 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 80 ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE IN ACCORDION MUSIC ---------------------------------------------- 80 4.0 INTRODUCTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 4.1 POETIC NATURE OF ACCORDION MUSIC LANGUAGE---------------------------------------------------- 82 4.2 PROVERBS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89 4.2.1 Application of proverbs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 92 4.2.2 Use of proverbs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 a) Proverbs used as titles of songs ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 b) Proverbs with no fixed or rigid pattern ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 100 4.3 FIGURES OF SPEECH ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 102 4.3.1 Apostrophe ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 103 4.3.2 Euphemism ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 108 4.3.3 Hyperbole ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 113 4.3.4 Imagery ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120 4.3.5 Metaphor -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127 a) Animal metaphors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 128 (i) Animal metaphors with positive attitude ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 129 (ii) Animal metaphors with negative attitude---------------------------------------------------------------------- 131 b) Plant metaphors --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 134 c) Bird metaphors ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 135 d) Natural phenomena ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 4.3.6 Repetition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 140 a) Repetition of chorus ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 b) Repetition of letters or syllables -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 144 c) Repetion of clauses and phrases -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 146 d) Repetition of words ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 148 e) Repetition of one idea in different words ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 150 4.3.7 Simile ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 152 4.4 CONCLUSION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 157 CHAPTER 5 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 159 THEMATIC ASPECTS OF BASOTHO ACCORDION MUSIC ------------------------------------------ 159 5.0 INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 159 5.1 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF ACCORDION MUSIC ARTIST --------------------------------------------- 159 5.2 ANALYSIS OF THEMATIC APSECTS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 5. 3 SOCIAL ASPECTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 5. 3. 0 Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 5. 3. 1 Concept of Self -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 162 ix
a) Birth ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 163 b) Identification by clan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 166 c) Names places of origin ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 168 d) Names of chiefs --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 171 e) Nurture of the artist ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 174 f) Marriage life ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 176 g) Working experience in the Republic of South Africa -------------------------------------------------------- 179 5. 3. 2 Social trends common to accordion artists --------------------------------------------------------- 182 a) Advice -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 183 b) Extra-marital affair ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 186 c) Dishonesty --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 189 d) Death --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 191 e) Portrayal of women ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 193 f) HIV/AIDS --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 198 g) Tribute to accordion artists -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 201 5.3.3 Tradition and Change ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 203 5.4 ECONOMIC ASPECTS ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 207 5.4. 0 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207 5.4.1 Background ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 207 5.4.2 Poverty in Lesotho --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 210 a) State of poverty --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211 b) Poverty alleviation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 212 c) Unemployment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 214 5.4.3 Exploitation by coordinators and recording companies -------------------------------------- 214 a) Exploitation by coordinators ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 215 b) Exploitation by recording companies -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 217 5.4.4 Protest against chinese firms. --------------------------------------------------------------------- 220 5. 5 POLITICAL HISTORY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 224 5.5.0 Introduction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 224 5.5.1. Background ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 224 5.5.2 Political Events of 1986 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 227 5.5.3 Political Events of 1987 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 230 5.5.4 Political Events of 1991 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 231 5.5.5 Political Events of 1993 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 234 5.5.6 Political Events of 1994 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 235 5.5.7 Political Events of 1997 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 237 5.5.8 Political Events of 1998 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 239 5.5.9 Political Events of 2000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 242 5.6 CONCLUSION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 244 CHAPTER 6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246 CONCLUSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246 6. 1 FINDINGS AND OTHER POSSIBLE AREAS OF RESEARCH -------------------------------------------- 246 6. 1. 1 Findings --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 246 x
Page 1 and 2: ANALYSIS OF THE LANGUAGE TECHNIQUES
Page 3 and 4: OPSOMMING ONDERSOEK NA DIE TAALTEGN
Page 5 and 6: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to P
Page 7 and 8: Accordion artists Accordion music F
Page 9: 2.2.1 Function --------------------
Page 13 and 14: 1.0 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 INTRDODU
Page 15 and 16: 125,786 in 1990 to 57,989 in 2004 (
Page 17 and 18: The aim of the study is to analyse
Page 19 and 20: Artists/singers refer to people who
Page 21 and 22: There are three major reasons for c
Page 23 and 24: women they wanted and took them int
Page 25 and 26: them to be known, have to start by
Page 27 and 28: Today shebeen singing, as retailed
Page 29 and 30: Moletsane (1982), Mokitimi and Copl
Page 31 and 32: gives highlights of the production
Page 33 and 34: from various groups enabled one to
Page 35 and 36: compare and contrast the status of
Page 37 and 38: 2.0 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 THEORETI
Page 39 and 40: maintenance of the structural conti
Page 41 and 42: Parsons (1999:3) and others again v
Page 43 and 44: 2.2.3 CONSENSUS Consensus refers to
Page 45 and 46: 2.3 CONCLUSION Functionalism, in it
Page 47 and 48: ethnic group and who observes and p
Page 49 and 50: Although, given the above informati
Page 51 and 52: • Journalists from different quar
Page 53 and 54: fell off from the horses together w
Page 55 and 56: Concerning institutions, one may re
Page 57 and 58: maintaining one’s identity. The m
Page 59 and 60: Concerning the Lesotho Evangelical
Page 61 and 62:
Mapefane, whose first album Bo-Mape
Page 63 and 64:
With the changing times, the instru
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age minstrels. Regardless of this n
Page 67 and 68:
Congress Party (B.C.P.) won the ele
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that were held at ‘Manthabiseng C
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It is worthwhile to give a general
Page 73 and 74:
also dancers. The lead-singer somet
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Although there are important reason
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3.3.5 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS In the ea
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3.3.7 ACCORDION MUSIC AND ITS RECEP
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etained and maintained as they list
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(iv) Thematic aspects Some people s
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manner, relate and describe whateve
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attractive, and, in some cases, div
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is a Mofokeng (of the hare), he is
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3.4 CONCLUSION Based on the given i
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speech in this music helps to retai
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considerably, and depends mainly on
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Father of Lerotholi, the locusts’
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The one who has lacks swift running
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other individuals; all in all, it r
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One could say that the use of prove
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Ngoana o tšoana le `m’ae, o tsam
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“Lebelo lea fela thota e sale”
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a) Proverbs used as titles of songs
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of this word, one finds it to be ca
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homestead. In this way, the artist
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The usage of these features also di
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Apostrophe is further carried on in
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There is a common feeling among the
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Among the Basotho, head-dressing is
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had from the boys. She prefers to u
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esult, she boldly tells him how to
Page 127 and 128:
Someone who was feared by all the p
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One also observes the adopted descr
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In line four, there is another exag
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feelings and our understanding. The
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in order to get in, especially when
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focus on the development of the are
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it goes deep down in our inner feel
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chief is expected to cater for the
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uses the word “kolla” meaning,
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him that it was a viper pretending
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that prompts Basotho to love accord
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herd-boy, the artist brings such ex
Page 151 and 152:
When Famole likens himself to hail,
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Kunene (1971:68) writes about aesth
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Motho o bolaoa ke mokhotsi ke oa ha
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with Maama and Seeiso who are his u
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Ba bang ba re ke ile Molumong thabe
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the tip of people’s tongues; they
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Chakela litsietsi li tsoaloa le mot
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Bongata bo a hana bo a latola, Ba r
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contaminated water in order to prov
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There is another interesting part h
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CHAPTER 5 THEMATIC ASPECTS OF BASOT
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e said that with accordion artists,
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serve. This is what Radcliffe-Brown
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The tall and hefty one, The wife of
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etween individuals. This form of id
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This question is meant to make such
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I live at Mohale’s Hoek that is w
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You ask me who is my chief, I am th
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‘Na ke hotse le bashanyana, Ke ho
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as husband and wife in a normal mar
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As indicated earlier it is common f
Page 193 and 194:
extra-marital affair on the side of
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different responses in different wo
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in Sesotho we say Molomo ha o na kh
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Mong’a monna ha a loana, Le mo jo
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c) Dishonesty Dishonesty is describ
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A similar concern is raised by Moek
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What has happened at Ha Marou, The
Page 207 and 208:
With regard to accordion music, Pha
Page 209 and 210:
challenge others to sing love songs
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Frame-Work and the National HIV/AID
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Avoid this disease you the youth, I
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`Mateboho, as one of the accordion
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points out that what ties Basotho t
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efficient plant for cleansing purpo
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“Ngoana ea sa lleng o shoela thar
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The document further states that, s
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Another song that provides a genera
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The above quotation, although too g
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) Exploitation by recording compani
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The mention of the name in these li
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are the low wages of about R500.00
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Therefore, if R500.00 - R244.00 is
Page 237 and 238:
With regard to narratives, there we
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government remained in power from 1
Page 241 and 242:
Manka le Phallang (1991), in his so
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Ke ale a theosa, A leba mose maoatl
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who was known as `Manthabiseng was
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The BAC was a political product of
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Moeti (1995) is one of the artists
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that, what LCD had done was morally
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Thabeng bana ba batho ba shoele ka
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these songs and others described th
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245
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accordion where he may practice on
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develop trust among themselves as o
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Another area worth researching on i
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did not really address the concerns
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Accordion artists like praise poets
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BIBLIOGRAPHY BOOKS Achebe, C.1958.T
Page 271 and 272:
Lesotho. 2003. Sexual Offences Act.
Page 273 and 274:
Pule, N.W. 2002. Politics since ind
Page 275 and 276:
Phafoli, L. 1994. Text in Emergent
Page 277 and 278:
Anon. 1986. Basotho National Party
Page 279 and 280:
Bo-mme ba Maphutseng. 2002. Ke Siil
Page 281 and 282:
Nong la Berea, 2000. Setsokotsane s
Page 283 and 284:
Mokete, R. (Chakela) Verbal communi
Page 285 and 286:
Mokete, R. (Chakela) 2006. Speech d
Page 287 and 288:
Their long-term and short-term deve
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