Analysis of the language techniques and thematic - University of the ...

individuals are expected to adhere and abide by the norms and values that are acceptable,
and are made to return to them in times of disturbance. This is done in the form of
punishments, social disapproval or sanctions. This leads to stability which is a state of
equilibrium.
2.2.5 EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
Evolutionary change is a change which occurs within any system for as long as the
system exists. Evolutionary changes are usually gradual and reflect a response to
changing times as individuals try to adapt to the ever changing environment. As the
environment constantly changes, the norms and values of the society might lag behind,
resulting in a state of equilibrium. Therefore, adjustment, whether through external or
internal influence, is often necessary to move towards a new equilibrium. The adjustment
takes place through evolutionary change. Such change, as a process, takes into account
various components of the societies which become differentiated and adapt to new needs
and problems. In this process, societies become more complex, and new institutions and
subsystems develop to perform new functions required for the smooth operation of the
society under the changing times. Evolutionary change is a necessary societal instinct for
survival Radcliffe-Brown (1952:7-9).
Evolutionary change is usually triggered by a wide range of phenomena such as attitudes,
instruments and performance. The attitude of Basotho people to accordion music has
become more appreciative and accommodative, especially after 1980s as compared to
what used to be case in the 1920s. Most Basotho identify themselves with it as their
traditional music. The tendency to associate accordion music with immorality is on the
wane. Accordion music artists are treated with respect and are accorded status befitting
respectable artists. Currently, their music is recorded and distributed for public
consumption and no longer confined to shebeens. It has now reached a stage where it is
generally accepted as Basotho traditional music. This music is commercialised, and as
such, it serves the economic needs of the artists and the Basotho nation, of which they are
part. This makes a major evolutionary change indeed.
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