B12 METABOLISM IN HUMANS By NICOLE AURORA LEAL A ...

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130 Guest, J. R., E. L. Smith, D. D. Woods and S. Friedman. 1962b. A methyl analogue of cobamide coenzyme in relation to methionine synthesis by bacteria. Nature 195:340-342. Hall, D. A., T. C. Jordan-Starck, R. O. Loo, M. L. Ludwig and R. G. Matthews. 2000. Interaction of flavodoxin with cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. Biochemistry 39:10711-9. Halpern, J. 1985. Mechanisms of coenzyme B12-dependent rearrangements. Science 227:869-75. Harder, J., R. Eliasson, E. Pontis, M. D. Ballinger and P. Reichard. 1992. Activation of the anaerobic ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli by Sadenosylmethionine. J. Biol. Chem. 267:25548-52. Harlow, E. and D. Lane. 1988. Antibodies: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York. Havemann, G. D. and T. A. Bobik. 2003. Protein content of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme B12-dependent degradation of 1,2-propanediol in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. J. Bacteriol. 185:5086-95. Havemann, G. D., E. M. Sampson and T. A. Bobik. 2002. PduA is a shell protein of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme B12-dependent degradation of 1,2propanediol in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2. J. Bacteriol. 184:1253-61. Heithoff, D. M., C. P. Conner, U. Hentschel, F. Govantes, P. C. Hanna and M. J. Mahan. 1999. Coordinate intracellular expression of Salmonella genes induced during infection. J. Bacteriol. 181:799-807. Hodgkin, D. C., J. Pickworth, J. H. Robertson, K. N. Trueblood, R. J. Prosen and J. G. White. 1955. Crystal structure of the hexacarboxylic acid derived from B12 and the molecular structure of the vitamin. Nature 176:325-328. Horswill, A. R. and J. C. Escalante-Semerena. 1997. Propionate catabolism in Salmonella typhimurium LT2: two divergently transcribed units comprise the prp locus at 8.5 centisomes, prpR encodes a member of the sigma-54 family of activators, and the prpBCDE genes constitute an operon. J. Bacteriol. 179:928-40. Huennekens, F. M., K. S. Vitols, K. Fujii and D. W. Jacobsen. 1982. Biosynthesis of the cobalamin coenzymes, p. 145-164. In D. Dolphin (ed.), B12, vol. volume 1. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Jarrett, J. T., D. M. Hoover, M. L. Ludwig and R. G. Matthews. 1998. The mechanism of adenosylmethionine-dependent activation of methionine synthase: a rapid kinetic analysis of intermediates in reductive methylation of cob(II)alamin enzyme. Biochemistry 37:12649-58.
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B12 METABOLISM IN HUMANS By NICOLE
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The work in this dissertation is de
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGME
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General Molecular and Protein Metho
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LIST OF TABLES Table page 1-1. Aden
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3-7. Stoichiometry of the MSR-ATR s
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DTT dithiothreitol E. coli Escheric
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Abstract of Dissertation Presented
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION History of C
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3 (DMB). The DMB moiety is covalent
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5 and deoxyadenosine. After hydroge
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7 homocysteine recycling and methio
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methylmalonic acid. Methylmalonic a
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folate-dependent reactions includin
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tetanomorphum, P. shermanii, Euglen
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enzyme. This suggests that cob(II)a
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at the 5’-C of ATP by cob(I)alami
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iochemical studies and complementat
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1997). Both cases of the cblD disor
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23 The cblB complementation group i
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(Watkins et al. 2002). Some patient
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Chapter 2 of this dissertation repo
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Corrin Ring Dimethyl benzimidazole
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Classes Eliminases Dehydratases OH
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A) B) CH 3THF 33 MS-cob(I)alamin Me
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propanol dehydrogenase (PduQ) propa
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or from mutations that impair the a
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1989). 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-
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41 5’-GCCGCCGGTACCGATGACGACGACAAG
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43 Growth of Adenosyltransferase Ex
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anti-rabbit IgG (γ-chain specific)
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sequence similarity to a known ATR
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ATRs were produced as fusion protei
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51 of the lacI repressor (not shown
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in which proteins bind B12, the "ba
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libraries may be particularly usefu
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57 Figure 2-1. Multiple sequence al
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Table 2-2. Specific activities of b
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61 1 2 3 4 5 25 kDa Figure 2-4. Wes
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63 (cyanocobalamin, CNCbl) and hydr
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65 5’- triphosphate (ATP), and di
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extracts of ATR 239K (160 mg protei
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Milford, MA). Samples (200 µl) wer
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Linearity of the ATR reaction 71 Th
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73 reactions was characteristic of
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75 MSR Produces little Cob(I)alamin
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Johnson et al. 2001, Saridakis et a
Page 95 and 96: AdoCbl by the MSR-ATR system. Exper
Page 97 and 98: propionyl-CoA PCC (2S)-methylmalony
Page 99 and 100: kDa 97 66 45 31 21 14 7 83 1 2 3 4
Page 101 and 102: 85 Table 3-3. The MSR-ATR system se
Page 103 and 104: Absorbance 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0
Page 105 and 106: Wavelength, (525 nm) 0.24 0.23 0.22
Page 107 and 108: Activity, (nmol min-1 Activity, (nm
Page 109 and 110: al. 1988). The aldehyde is then dis
Page 111 and 112: CoA-acylating propionaldehyde dehyd
Page 113 and 114: 97 previously published DNA sequenc
Page 115 and 116: mM CHES (2-[N-cyclohexylamino]ethan
Page 117 and 118: 101 For the conjugation step, strai
Page 119 and 120: 103 from New England Biolabs (Bever
Page 121 and 122: 105 Propionaldehyde Dehydrogenase A
Page 123 and 124: 107 fraction. Following centrifugat
Page 125 and 126: 109 antiserum obtained was specific
Page 127 and 128: 111 biochemical evidence was presen
Page 129 and 130: 113 Table 4-1. Bacterial strains Sp
Page 131 and 132: 115 Table 4-3. Propionaldehyde dehy
Page 133 and 134: kDa 209 80 49 35 29 117 1 2 3 4 Fig
Page 135 and 136: CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS In humans, co
Page 137 and 138: 121 substitutions that are common p
Page 139 and 140: 123 Studies also indicated that hum
Page 141 and 142: LIST OF REFERENCES Aberg, A., S. Ha
Page 143 and 144: 127 Bradford, M. 1976. A rapid and
Page 145: 129 Fenton, W. A. and L. E. Rosenbe
Page 149 and 150: 133 Mellman, I., H. F. Willard and
Page 151 and 152: 135 Rossi, M., J. P. Glusker, L. Ra
Page 153 and 154: 137 Vlasie, M., S. Chowdhury and R.
Page 155 and 156: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Nicole Aurora L
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