Untitled - Digitizing America

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missionary pioneer of all North Americaexplorer, astronomer, cartographer, mission builder, ranchman, cattle king, and defender of the frontier," proved also to be a most ubiquitous traveler. He covered thousands of miles each year in his missions to the lndians. This Jesuil, Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, who was bom with the Austrian name of Kuehne, left us with an impressive legacy. Many present-day towns and cities sprang from his missions. And the still-active Parish of San Xavier, on an Arizona lndian reservation, worships in what is called by the National Register of Historic Places one of "the finest surviving Spanish Colonial churches in the United States." The intricately carved architecture of the Mission San Xavier del Bac was built circa 1700 and attributed by some to Father Kino. The Franciscan missionary, Fra Junipero Serra, was a teacher of philosophy within his province of Majorca, Spain, even before his 1738 ordination. He gained distinction as a theologian and orator before giving up "the easy life" to join a band of Franciscans heading for the New World's southwestem mission field. ln 1767, the Franciscans replaced the banished Jesuits in Baja California and he was chosen mission president. The Dominicans were given the peninsula and Father Serra's band traveled northward with a military expedition, founding twenty-one coastal missions, starting with San Diego. Nine of these were started during the fifteen years of Father Serra's tenure. By the time of his death, thousands of lndians had been converted and great strides had been made in upgrading their material well-being. Lush farmlands and grazing pastures produced food and Franciscanestablished workshops furnished other necessities. lt is to one of Father Serra's missions, San Juan Capistrano, that the swallows return each year. His thin, frailappearance belied the spiritualvigor which permitted the gentle Franciscan to keep f irm the grip of Spain on the California mission lands. The lndians revered him as an ever-constant friend. Reading the names of his chain of cities along the Camino Real is like the recitation of a Spanish litany. The Fight For Freedom "I, sume that yourrettow citizen will not forget the patriotic part which you took in the accomplishment of their revolution and the establishment of their government, nor the important assistance which they have received from a 11
nation in which the Roman Catholic religion is professed." Catholic hearts swelled with pride at these words from General George Washington at the close of a war that brought freedom to their chosen land. They had fought long and hard while distinguishing themselves on the field of battle. Men and women of all creeds had joined in a common cause, differences temporarily put aside, to struggle together as Americans. A Catholic had helped to initiate this Revolution when he joined fifty{ive other Americans in the signing of the Declaration of lndependence. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the richest man in the colonies, had the most to lose in the bloody battle that was certain to ensue. His grandfather, the first Charles Carroll, had been Attorney General of Maryland until losing his commission with the renewalof anti-Catholicism in 1688. Charles Carroll of Carrollton was a lawyer whose professional practice was proscribed in Maryland because of his religion. This idealistic citizen whose death in 1832 at the age of ninety-five made him the last signer to leave behind his earthly cares, was painfully familiar with man's need for political and religious freedom. Most Catholics had been mistreated in their homelands;the lrish, particularly, resented the English, and looked forward to a country that promised 12 religious toleration. The majority of American Catholics, no matter what their national origin, joined wholeheartedly in the Revolution. Very few were Tories. Exact numbers of Catholic soldiers have not been recorded, but we do know that thirty-eight percent of Washington's troops had lrish names. One brave warrior of another heritage who was known only as "Francescothe ltalian" gave his own life as he protected General Washington from British bayonets at the Battle of Monmouth. Other Catholics whose Revolutionary service was invaluable came from many backgrounds and served in many ways. A Polish patriot and Revolutionary soldier, Casimir Pulaski, was highly recommended to General Washington when he sailed to this country from Paris in 1777. A year later, this fearless young man, who had organized America's first cavalry, lay dead on the battlefield of Savannah, at age thirty-one. Another Pole, Tadeusz Kosciuszko, distinguished himself in the American cause almostfrom the day of his arrival here in 1776. Noted as the "father of the Artillery," in 1783 General Washington presented him with a Congressional vote of thanks, an award of American citizenship, a pension, and the rank of Brigadier General. Planning to retire, he returned to Poland, but later served in the Polish- Russian War and in the Polish Revolution of 1794. When he revisited the United States in 1797, Congress awarded him a land grant and an increased pension. "The father of the American Navy" was the lrishborn John Barry. A brave sailor who began his sea-going career at the age of ten and settled in Philadelphia while still a teen-ager, Barry was given command of The Lexington at the outbreak
Page 1 and 2: 8?g
Page 4 and 5: The coat of arms was designed to sy
Page 6 and 7: Claude Du Tisne returned with iron
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Page 10 and 11: in Richwoods. Valles Mines, Iron Mo
Page 12: and 8,811 in 1850. By 1860, there w
Page 16 and 17: nineteenth century, generous parish
Page 18 and 19: celebrate Nlass a: rhe new church i
Page 20 and 21: On June 9, 7937,TheWeekly Independe
Page 22 and 23: . GP.AND BALT ANN T'EST]YAI, At Stu
Page 24 and 25: among the contributors to the first
Page 26 and 27: .:- :::,, ::: t L LawrenCei d -Garo
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Page 30 and 31: h- , ,, r'' In Memory of the Willia
Page 32 and 33: ffi ":===#:i=r. :&. SILVER MEMORIAL
Page 34 and 35: JUBILEE BENEFACTORS Timothy Boyer J
Page 36 and 37: BUSINESS SPONSORS Purcell Tire and
Page 38 and 39: I\TRODUCTION This is a record ol th
Page 40 and 41: Courage Does Not Prevail nother lta
Page 42 and 43: And so it seems likely that the fir
Page 44 and 45: of lndian missions before joining L
Page 46 and 47: sent to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in
Page 50 and 51: Founded in 1649 as a Cathol ic co!
Page 52 and 53: Like Charles, John attended the sec
Page 54 and 55: sta:-s - ---' :' :: -3r, acauisitio
Page 56 and 57: ln April of 1825, Father John Farna
Page 58 and 59: The circulation of books and tracts
Page 60 and 61: Fighting The Good Fight n addition
Page 62 and 63: States War Department to support ln
Page 64 and 65: During this period more than two hu
Page 66 and 67: fifteen years after the Civil War,
Page 68 and 69: defended the Knights of Labor, a se
Page 70 and 71: This window features Father Marquet
Page 72 and 73: Mother Drexel's missions began with
Page 74 and 75: Now a great movement began for conv
Page 76 and 77: Changing Amertca he 1950's brought
Page 78 and 79: addressed his Afro-American Unity o
Page 80 and 81: perience of the unity and universal
Page 82 and 83: Emphasis here is on the signing of
Page 84 and 85: nothing remains the same, and that

Untitled - Digitizing America

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