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Molecular Diversity and Dynamics of Toxigenic Blue-green Algae in Irish Lakes Figure 3.21. Sample projections along the principal components showing the distributions of data pertaining to chlorophyll-based trophic state, lake size, river catchment forest cover and the three ecoregions within the study area. (a) lake zonation in PC1-PC2 plane (b, c, d) chlorophyll-a distribution, forest cover and lake size in PC2-PC3 plane, respectively. 3.5.4 Planktonic Cyanobacteria from Irish Lakes: Partial 16S rDNA Phylogenetic Inferences Selected 16S rDNA fragment bands excised from the DGGE gels run with the summer 2009 field extracts, and successfully re-amplified by PCR, were used for phylogenetic analysis. Following PCR amplification, the products were purified and sequenced using a commercial service provider (MWG Biotech, Germany). The returned sequences of putative spherical and filamentous cyanobacteria were then subjected to BLAST analysis for an initial diagnosis of identity. The positions of the isolates in the 16S rDNA phylogeny of cyanobacteria were then ascertained. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was carried out using PAUP* version 4.b with the parameters derived from the AIC in Modeltest to construct the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 3.22). The data set relative to the 16S rDNA alignment contained 88 taxa. Of the 382 characters, 186 were constant sites, 45 were variable parsimony- 36 uninformative and 151 parsimony-informative. One most likely tree was returned from the ML analysis with a score of -ln 6750.32. The unresolved ‘Oscillatoriales-V’ clade diverged first and contained genera such as Phormidium and Tychonema. Thereafter, the topology of the tree displayed two main lineages. The first lineage supported the ‘Oscillatoriales-IV’ clade and the two sister assemblages ‘Stigonematales’ and ‘Nostocales’ clades, containing non-exhaustively the genera Fischerella and Hapalosiphon on the one hand, and Anabaena, Nodularia, Nostoc on the other. The second lineage supported the ‘Pleurocapsales’ clade and six groups of ‘Oscillatoriales’ and ‘Chroococcales’ interspersed into several clusters. In general, bootstrap values reinforced the intra-clade relationships between taxa, but groupings between the main assemblages were not well resolved. As anticipated, the sequences retrieved from Irish lake samples clustered within all the lineages except the ‘Pleurocapsales’ clade.
N. Touzet (2008-FS-EH-3-S5) Figure 3.22. Most likely tree inferred from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis of 16S rDNA sequences. The optimal base substitution model derived from the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) criterion in Modeltest3.7 was a TVMef+I+G model with the following constraining parameters for base substitution frequencies, proportion of invariable sites and gamma distribution shape parameter, respectively: A–C = 1.0862, A–G = 2.9378, A–T = 1.5517, C–G = 0.5783, C–T = 2.9378, G–T = 1.0000; I = 0.3180; G = 0.5160. Numbers on the branches indicate branch frequency from 10000 bootstrap replicates (values
Page 1 and 2: STRIVE Report Series No.88 Molecula
Page 3 and 4: EPA STRIVE Programme 2007-2013 Mole
Page 5: Details of Project Partners Nicolas
Page 8 and 9: 3.4 Phytoplankton Community Structu
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction Occurrences of harmf
Page 13 and 14: differentiated cells. The bacteriol
Page 15 and 16: not cyanobacteria are the only sour
Page 17 and 18: clustering methods can provide an e
Page 19 and 20: ody of evidence indicating that mic
Page 21 and 22: 2.1.2 Index Definition and Typology
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 Field Sampling 2.2.1 Summer 200
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Page 27 and 28: sequences were then compiled with o
Page 29 and 30: Data were acquired and processed us
Page 33 and 34: 3.3 Distribution of Physical and Bi
Page 35 and 36: 3.3.3 Relationships between Chlorop
Page 37 and 38: Non-parametric Spearman correlation
Page 39 and 40: the right side of the dendrogram-is
Page 41 and 42: 3.4.2 Distribution of Toxinogenic C
Page 45: 3.5.3 Assessment of Relationships b
Page 49 and 50: 3.6.2 Detection of Microcystins in
Page 51 and 52: N. Touzet (2008-FS-EH-3-S5) Table 3
Page 53 and 54: The variables measured were dissolv
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.32. Scatter plot showing t
Page 59 and 60: 3.7.6 Determination of the Presence
Page 63 and 64: of the SP700 resin (Sepabed) for th
Page 65 and 66: in lakes from assemblage III, and t
Page 67 and 68: eutrophic generally supported great
Page 69 and 70: gradual decrease in average toxicit
Page 71 and 72: The management of toxic cyanobacter
Page 73 and 74: References Abed RMM, Safi NMD, Kös
Page 75 and 76: Escofier B, Pages J (1990) Analyses
Page 77 and 78: King JJ, Champ WST (2000) Baseline
Page 79 and 80: Rivasseau C, Racaud P, Deguin A, He
Page 81 and 82: Welker M, von Dohren H, Tauscher H,
Page 83 and 84: Appendix 1 Summary Results Table fo
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