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AMAZONAS 84 It wasn’t long before the females were carrying the first broods in their mouths, but unlike other Channa they proved to be rather susceptible to disturbance. The first six broods were swallowed or spat out. Only when the fish were left in peace due to the absence of their owner did they rear young for the first time. The male now hid in a floating tube of cork, while the females monitored their surroundings with increased watchfulness. The parents also behaved differently from other Channa during the rearing of the young. The fry were often moved around and concealed behind décor items. The growth rate of the young was also noticeably slower than in other Channa, and after a year the offspring had attained a size of just 2.5–3 inches (6–7 cm). Channa sp. “Redfin” The news of the new snakehead species spread rapidly among Channa-holics, and various exporters were quick to include the fish on their stock lists. The demand was high and they were rewarded. But although one consignment of Channa sp. “Fire & Ice” exhibited strong similarities to the species described, it also possessed a number of clearly different characters. On closer examination it became clear that this was a second new form, no less beautiful and also worthy of attention. And so it was probably more by luck than by design that the Pair of Channa sp. “Redfin” Male Channa sp. “Fire & Ice” with full throat sac. When mouthbrooding, these fish are very susceptible to disturbance and sometimes eat their eggs. first imports of a new form, now traded under the name Channa sp. “Redfin”, came about. Channa sp. “Redfin” is similar in stature to Channa gachua. In stress coloration these fish exhibit numerous small black dots that aren’t otherwise visible. The coloration of the male is spectacular. The body base color is dark, almost black, in stark contrast to the ice-blue finrays and fire engine–red fin edgings. In Channa sp. “Redfin”, too, there were initially problems with aggression in the wild-caught fish, though not as markedly as in Channa sp. “Fire & Ice”. The maintenance of six individuals in a 40-gallon (100 x 60 x 40 cm) aquarium continued without problems until mating. And even thereafter the fish could be kept without problem in a tank with a volume of around 50 gallons (200 L) and plenty of cover. Essentially, tanks for snakeheads need to be set up with lots of hiding places, plus plants and other décor to break up the line of sight. Floating tubes of cork, for example, are much-appreciated hiding places. These fish supposedly originated from the same area as Channa sp. “Fire & Ice” and were kept at a temperature of around 68°F (20°C) at the time of the first importation. When the temperature then rose with the approach of summer, the behavior of the fish became more aggressive. Eventually a pair formed from the D. NIEMEIER
The aquarium for Channa sp. “Redfin” provides a wealth of hiding places. remaining individuals, and they were transferred to a separate 40-gallon (153-L) tank. Excitingly, after a few days the fish exhibited more intense coloration and the male was observed to keep disappearing into a pottery cave. Fry around 6–8 mm (1/4 inch) long could be seen in the cave in the beam of a flashlight. They left the cave after a week, rose to the water’s surface, and swam around between their parents. The interesting thing about the young is that they have no longitudinal stripes on the body as most other Channa do. The young are canary yellow, already almost golden in color. They were provided with “feeder eggs” by the mother. Even so, we initially fed live Artemia nauplii twice a day as well. The brood was very small with only around 20 fry, but that can be attributed to the youth of the parents. The young were tolerated by the parents to a size of about 1/4 to 1/2 inch (3–4 cm). For a long time there were no further breeding attempts. It turns out that it is absolutely essential to have a suitable cave in the aquarium. The male conceals the larvae, as yet unable to swim, in this cave until they have exhausted their yolk sacs. Thereafter the fry leave the cave of their own accord, and only then is the female allowed to come near the brood and feed them with feeder eggs. The further rear- AMAZONAS 85
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FRESHWATER AQUARIUMS & TROPICAL DIS
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EDITORIAL AMAZONAS 4 Dear Reader, A
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AQUATIC AMAZONAS 6 NOTEBOOK by Dr.
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AMAZONAS 8 TM Top: Xingu version of
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AQUATIC AMAZONAS 10 NOTEBOOK A new
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AQUATIC AMAZONAS 12 NOTEBOOK the mi
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AQUATIC AMAZONAS 14 Right: Preserve
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AMAZONAS 16 AQUATIC Peckoltia otali
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AQUATIC AMAZONAS 18 NOTEBOOK artic
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20 Does size matter to you ? We bet
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AMAZONAS 22 Revolutionary Lighting
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AMAZONAS 24 COVER STORY Pterophyllu
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AMAZONAS 26 Pterophyllum altum from
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AMAZONAS 28 base of the dorsal fin.
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AMAZONAS 30 scientific literature.
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AMAZONAS AMAZONAS 32 A life with an
Page 34 and 35: AMAZONAS 34 Above, left to right: O
Page 36 and 37: AMAZONAS 36 tions to produce good f
Page 38 and 39: AMAZONAS 38 Unfortunately, the tank
Page 40 and 41: AMAZONAS 40 some of the young in ou
Page 42 and 43: AMAZONAS 42 COVER STORY Pterophyllu
Page 44 and 45: AMAZONAS 44 Wild-caught pair from t
Page 46 and 47: AMAZONAS 46 Above: The young are fe
Page 48 and 49: AMAZONAS 48 COVER STORY Angelfish:
Page 50 and 51: AMAZONAS 50 Despite this preservati
Page 52 and 53: AMAZONAS 52 Stephens really hits ho
Page 54 and 55: AMAZONAS 54 Some of the latest exam
Page 56 and 57: AMAZONAS 56 Slavkov’s Bulgarian G
Page 58 and 59: FISHKEEPING BASICS Common health pr
Page 60 and 61: AMAZONAS 60 Inspired by Mother Natu
Page 62 and 63: AMAZONAS 62 Avoiding trouble As lon
Page 64 and 65: AMAZONAS 64 their introduction befo
Page 66 and 67: AMAZONAS 66 FISH ROOM TOUR article
Page 68 and 69: AMAZONAS 68 A female Aulonocara jac
Page 70 and 71: AMAZONAS 70 Pairs of shell-dwelling
Page 72 and 73: AMAZONAS 72 Above: Pseudomugil gert
Page 74 and 75: AMAZONAS 74 HUSBANDRY & BREEDING Wi
Page 76 and 77: AMAZONAS 76 Above, left to right: I
Page 78 and 79: AMAZONAS 78 HUSBANDRY Chilatherina
Page 80 and 81: AMAZONAS 80 The next morning, thoug
Page 82 and 83: AMAZONAS 82 From Thailand New Snake
Page 86 and 87: AMAZONAS 86 Above: The young of Cha
Page 88 and 89: 88 UNITED STATES Arizona Aqua Touch
Page 90 and 91: AMAZONAS 90 SPECIES SNAPSHOTS ➊ T
Page 92 and 93: AMAZONAS 92 SPECIES SNAPSHOTS Hypop
Page 94 and 95: SOCIETY AMAZONAS 94 CONNECTIONS U.S
Page 96 and 97: 24/7 VISIT OFTEN: • Web-Special A
Page 98: AMAZONAS 98 UNDERWATER EYE Mustard
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