Securing the Right to Land FULL - ANGOC

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SECURING THE RIGHT TO LAND120 Table 3. con’t. YEAR March 1954 1953–1955 1960 1960 to 1990 1970–1974 1978–1979 NAME OF MOVE- MENT/PLACE OF ORIGIN Ratamata Bijayanagar, Pyuthan District All Terai Districts Dang Deokhuri District Jhapa Chintang Revolution/ Dhankuta District CAUSE/AIM Started as political education and physical training; trainees who were called in to help the people in Narikot who complained about being oppressed were attacked by Thakuries, whom they defeated. Agitation among farmer youth against domination and exploitation and formation of the Socialist Farmers Party Eviction of farmers Oppression by feudal lords Widespread famine prompted starving poor people to break into the grain stores of the majhayas, or landlords. The majhayas owned all the fertile lands, while the poor farmers had to eke out a living from marginal lands, apart from paying land rent. They were also forced to work in the fields or in the majhaya’s home for two weeks every year without compensation. In Dashain, the poor had to offer the majhaya gifts such as cocks, hens, alcohol, wooden pots, and sometimes, money. Poverty led to the insurgency. RESULT Warrants of arrest were issued against the trainees, who were forced to go underground. Mass reprisals against farmers movements in 1960 led to the banning of the Farmers Union, which re-grouped as the Farmers Organization under the Panchayat System. Farmers united against the combined forces of the landlord and the local police. Fighting ensued, during which farmer leaders were shot at. One of them died. Recruited youth supporters, who engaged in violent encounters with government; the killing of a number of youth supporters in 1973 paved the way for a higher form of revolt. As the majhaya stores were heavily guarded, the starving people failed in their attempt to break in.
Table 3. con’t. YEAR 1978-1983 1990 to 2007 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2004 NAME OF MOVE- MENT/PLACE OF ORIGIN Piskar Movement/ Sindhupalchok District Kanara Movement/Bardiya District Rasuwa District Sindhupalchok District Bagdari Movement/Bardiya District; Pitmari Movement/Banke District Banke District Kamaiya Movement Sindhupalchok District Nationwide Rajbiraj City, in Saptari District CAUSE/AIM Looting of paddy by the feudal lords of Piskar, called Pandeys. Demand for land rights by the Tharu community; government oppression Tenants’ refusal to pay grain payments to the fake owner of land under the birta tenure system, which has been abolished. Filing of 42 cases at the District Land Reform Office for the grant of tenancy rights Landless people demanding land rights Education of the Kamaiya laborers concerning their rights Landless people taking over a piece of land owned by a private company Liberation of the Kamaiyas Protest action at all the land offices to resolve the land problem in Sindhupalchok 73,000 cases filed with the land registration committee’s offices in regard to pending applications for tenancy rights 2-day hunger strike demanding land rights and citizenship cards ASSERTING FREEDOM FROM CENTRAL CONTROL RESULT 121 Organized attempt by the farmers (Thami community) to take back the rice that had been stolen from them; after the leader of the Pandeys sent in the police, a number of the farmers fled, while the rest were arrested. Led to the formation of the National Land Rights Forum Expansion of the Kamaiya Movement into 5 districts Forced the government to form a committee to address the problem related to Guthi land in Sindhupalchok; regarded as a historic event in the struggle for land rights in Sindhupalchok. ASIAN NGO COALITION FOR AGRARIAN REFORM AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
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