Securing the Right to Land FULL - ANGOC

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SECURING THE RIGHT TO LAND Foreword vi Set against the backdrop of escalating food prices and worsening food insecurity, the issue of land becomes more relevant and urgent. The facts and figures speak of a great irony. More than half a billion people in Asia suffer from hunger and food insecurity, and too often these are the small food producers, who comprise farm laborers, tenants and small farmers. The region is home to 75% of the world’s farming households, 80% of which are small-scale farmers and producers. The majority of them are resource-poor, and lack access to productive land. Farmers’ and rural food producers’ lives are closely bound up with their lands, which are their source of food and livelihood as well as their best chance of escaping poverty. For indigenous peoples (IPs), securing recognition of their customary rights to ancestral lands is indispensable to their right to self-determination, cultural integrity and identity. Unfortunately, these and other groups that till the land and depend on it for their survival have least access to it. Across many countries, improving access to land is key to solving many social problems, including rural unemployment, poverty, food insecurity, rural-urban migration, and political instability. Increasingly, the land access issue has been seen as a major reason behind armed conflict, domestic violence, corruption, internal displacement, structural violence, and other social ills. Thus, improving the poor’s access to land would guarantee their survival as well as enhance the quality of their lives. Agrarian reform brings direct relief to rural poverty, but just as importantly, its democratizing effects enable other pro-poor reforms to work more effectively. Yet agrarian reform has not been given sufficient attention in poverty reduction strategies at global and national levels. Strengthening advocacy for agrarian reform to make certain that it is effectively implemented is essential for making significant strides in combating poverty in the region. It is in this context that Land Watch Asia was initiated. Land Watch Asia (LWA) is a campaign undertaken by a loose coalition of organizations with a view to supporting and advancing the advocacy for access to land in Asia, particularly in the six participating countries, namely: Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Nepal, and the Philippines. LWA campaign ensures that the issues of access to land, agrarian reform, and equitable and sustainable development in rural areas are addressed in national and regional development agendas. It seeks to serve as a monitoring mechanism to assess the status of agrarian reform in the region. Furthermore, it aims to provide a comprehensive reference to land access by Asia’s poor through a review of existing political and legal frameworks governing land access as well as initiatives and mechanisms for participation by various stakeholders in governance processes. It also strives to contribute to existing campaigns by identifying, through consensus building processes the context, challenges and opportunities of access to land and agrarian reform campaigns at regional and national levels. To initiate the campaign, country strategy papers were prepared by LWA with the view of: i) assessing the policy and legal environment on access to land and tenurial security; ii) reviewing past contributions and existing efforts of different sectors (government, private sector, donors, social movements and civil society) in addressing land issues; and iii) identifying opportunities and strategies in effectively addressing existing issues and gaps and in advancing access to land and tenurial security. Hence, this publication contains the regional summary and the abridged versions of the six (6) country papers. The following organizations spearheaded the drafting of the country papers: ALRD and SEHD (Bangladesh), STAR Kampuchea and NGO Forum on Cambodia (Cambodia); AVARD, Ekta Parishad and SARRA (India); KPA, Bina Desa, and AGRA (Indonesia); CSRC, FECOFUN and NFN (Nepal); and ANGOC, PhilDHRRA, AR Now!, PAFID, SALIGAN (Philippines). Other groups involved in the various processes at the national and regional levels are listed in the Acknowledgments Page. This publication is made possible with the confidence and assistance of International Land Coalition, MISEREOR and ActionAid International. We also commend the immense support of former ILC Director Bruce Moore and the current Director Dr. Niasse Madiodio, who cited this publication as a significant contribution from its Asian members and partners for greater access to land of the poor in the region.
Special thanks goes to Mr. Antonio B. Quizon for the overall guidance and Teresa Lingan–Debuque, Faina Lucero–Diola, Maricel Almojuela–Tolentino, Catherine Liamzon and Andrew Fuys for the editorial support. Our appreciation also to Maria Liza Almojuela for the book layout and cover art and the ANGOC staff—Feliz Corazon Benedicto, Teresito Elumba, Joseph Onesa, and Margarita Ann Buerano . We would highly appreciate your feedback and comments on this publication. Please write to us at angoc@angoc.ngo.ph. This publication, fittingly issued on ANGOC’s 30th founding year, is the network’s contribution to development efforts in line with the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and serves as among our efforts in realizing the goals of the International Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (ICARRD). Finally, the ANGOC Network and Land Watch Asia will continue to make the issue of land access a priority agenda of governments and to rekindle the commitment of development organizations to pursue the unfinished work of giving the poor their just entitlements. FRANCIS B. LUCAS NATHANIEL DON E. MARQUEZ ANGOC CHAIRPERSON ANGOC EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR vii
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