WWF Guide to Building REDD+ Strategies

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Key Messages n To engage in the reduction of emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+), most countries will need either new institutional arrangements and/or reforms of existing institutions at all scales of REDD+ implementation, from subnational to national. n Countries should define responsibilities and capacities to perform all major functions of a REDD+ system, namely management, financial, technical, implementation, registry and certification, and safeguards and accountability functions. n These institutions should have a clear division of responsibilities and authorities between the national (federal) and subnational (state) levels and be able to coordinate these responsibilities both vertically and horizontally. WWF FOREST AND CLIMATE INITIATIVE inStitutional aRRanGementS // 17
intRoduCtion institutional arrangements for REDD+ refer to (a) the network of institutions or agencies that would be responsible for delivering REDD+; (b) their functions, namely “who does what”; and (c) the interaction between institutions. 1 This chapter refers primarily to public institutions because a large percentage of the world’s forests are under private or communal ownership or use, but public institutions will still need to interact with private and community institutions. This chapter has implications for other sections of this document. For example, institutions will need to draft and enforce laws and regulations; measure, report and verify forest changes; and enforce and monitor safeguards. While other chapters focus on what should be done in each of those areas, this section focuses on the vehicle to achieve these goals. National and subnational institutional arrangements for REDD+ will vary from country to country due to their different political and institutional traditions. Many countries will already have institutions that perform some of the basic functions required for REDD+. But new institutional arrangements or reforms of existing institutions will be needed to engage with REDD+ implementation. These institutions should have the legal, technical, financial and human resources necessary to address the drivers of deforestation and deliver REDD+ effectively, efficiently and equitably. This may be a long-term process with steps and changes down the road. Most countries have decades if not centuries of experience managing their forests in both public and private lands. Decision-making is often split between production-oriented agencies (e.g. a ministry of forestry or agriculture) and conservation agencies (e.g. a ministry of the environment or a national parks agency). Furthermore, forest management decisions can be made (often concurrently) at the district (or county) level, at the province (or state) level and at the national level. In many cases decisions regarding land use are also made at the village or community level. Developing and implementing a countrywide REDD+ strategy will increase the demands on existing government agencies and will likely result in the creation of new institutions to perform new or revamped functions. Building a country’s REDD+ institutions will not be a onetime activity, but rather an extended process encompassing a large number of stakeholders. This chapter endeavours to provide REDD+ practitioners and their local partners with an understanding of the overall process and its many options so that they can determine at which stage in the process they will engage. Institutional arrangements for REDD+ are being developed simultaneously at multiple levels, at times with little coordination among them. Although the current multiplicity of independent national and subnational experiences may be enriching, the challenge going forward is to create national and subnational REDD+ institutional arrangements that are coherent and coordinated and that can work together to deliver countrywide emission reductions. © EDUARDO RUIZ / WWF-CANON inteRnational PoliCy Context This section summarizes the key issues in the international REDD+ arena that may shape the design of REDD+ institutional arrangements in developing countries. While the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has given little direct guidance on the specific institutions that should be established in developing countries, it does provide guidance on the types of actions that are required of REDD+ countries, and this, in turn, influences the types of institutions that are needed. COP16: Cancun, 2010 At the 16th UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP 16) in Cancun, parties agreed that developing countries wishing to participate in REDD+ activities should develop a: n National strategy or action plan n National or subnational forest reference emission level or reference level n Robust and transparent national monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system n System to provide information on how safeguards are implemented WWF FOREST AND CLIMATE INITIATIVE inStitutional aRRanGementS // 18
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