Flora Biodiversity Assessment in Bonga, Boginda and Mankira Forest

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY a) This report is prepared for Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society. The report comprises flora biodiversity of Bonga, Boginda and Mankira forests found in Kaffa zone of Southern Nations Nationaities and Peoples Region. Bonga forest is one of the Regional Forest Priority Areas (RFPA). It is estimated to cover an area of 163,000 ha. Mankira forest, which is estimated to cover 900 ha, is part of Bonga RFPA. Geographically Bonga RFPA is located 07 0 00’-07 0 25’N latitude and 35 0 55’-36 0 37’E longitude. Boginda forest covers 59447 ha. It is administratively located in Gewata wereda in Kaffa Zone. Geographically, the forest is situated between 07 0 20.000` to 07 0 33.400N latitude and 035 0 54.580` to 036 0 14 .570`E longitude, excluding the area under Wushwush Tea Development Enterprise. Both Bonga and Boginda forests are registered as Regional Forest Priority Area (RFPA). b) Mainly, Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) Land Sat Imagery band 1, 2 and 3 are used for land cover classification. Transects and quadrant method was the recommended survey method to assess flora species. Size of transect was 1000 meters long by 10 meters wide. Quadrants having different dimensions, i.e., 1m X 1m for ferns, herbs and grasses, 2m X 2m for trees and shrub seedlings and 5m X 5m for saplings were laid along the center at 50, 100, 150, …and 950 meters. Each species of tree, shrub and lianas greater than or equal to 10cm diameter within 50 X 10 meter transect were listed and counted. Numerically, 130, 60, and 40 sample plots are assigned for Bonga, Boginda and Mankira, respectively. Each plant species encountered within a transect is identified by its vernacular and scientific names and tallied. Most of the trees and shrubs are identified. Those species that could not be identified on the field were taken to the AAU National Herbarium, for identification. Trees and shrubs less than 10 cm diameter and higher than 1.3 meter are considered as saplings. Tree, shrub and lianas less than 1.3 meters high are recorded as regeneration. c) In Bonga, seven major land covers are identified, namely Bamboo Forest, Dense Forest, Disturbed Forest, Intensively Cultivated, Moderately Cultivated, Highly Disturbed Forest, and Wetland. Similar land covers are identified in Boginda, too. More than 70 percent of each RFPA is covered by natural forests of different strata (dense forest, disturbed forest and 1
highly disturbed forest). In general about 92 tree/shrub/liana species above 10 cm diameter are recorded in the three study sites. On site specific basis 46, 70 and 54 tree/shrub/liana species are recorded in Mankira, Bonga and Boginda respectively. With respect to density of trees above 10 cm diameter Bonga forest has the highest (590), followed by Boginda forest (575) and Mankira forest (454). A total of 57 species in Bonga, 36 species in Boginda and 30 species in Mankira are recorded as regeneration. In the current survey 61.4 percent of trees having dbh greater or equal to 10 cm are represented as regeneration in Bonga. In Boginda 52.8 percent of trees/shrubs having 10 cm and above are recorded as regeneration, whereas in Mankira, 43.5 percent of trees greater than 10cm dbh are represented as regeneration. Species such as Cordia africana are not registered as regeneration in any of the three forest areas. This is probably because the species is an early colonizer (Friis1992). Croton macrostacheys too, as a pioneer species (light demanding), does not get adequate conditions for regeneration in a natural forest (Denich, 2006). But on road sides and wherever there is an opening, Croton macrostacheys is well grown and observed. Ficus species are also not represented in regeneration except F. palmata in Mankira. In total, including regeneration, saplings, herbaceous plants and grasses Bonga forest has the largest plant cover per ha (estimated to be more than 1,309,956). Mankira and Boginda have lower number of flora density, each comprising 510,120 and 386,600, respectively. d) Endemic plants recorded in the current study and Schmitt C. B. (2006) are listed as follows: Erythrina brucei, Milletia ferruginea, Solanecio gigas, Tiliacora troupinii, Vepris dainelli, Aframomum corrorima, Brillantaisia grotanellii, Satureja paradoxa, Vernonia tewoldei, Mikaniopsis clematoides, Lippia adoensis, Clematis longicauda, Clematis longicauda, Pilea bambuseti ssp aethiopica, Pentas tenuis, Dorstenia soerensenii, Phyllanthus limmuensis and Cyrtorchis ehrythraeae. e) The result of this survey indicates absence of constantly present species within the three forest sites which leads to the conclusion that each forest has a heterogeneous species composition. Croton macrostachyus in Mankira, Milletia ferruginea in Bonga and 2
Page 1 and 2: Flora Biodiversity Assessment in Bo
Page 3 and 4: Table 9. Density of trees/shrubs pe
Page 5: Acronyms AAU Addis Ababa University
Page 9 and 10: species. As a result of this phenom
Page 11 and 12: thatches collected from the forest
Page 13 and 14: had done by different authors not m
Page 15 and 16: 035 0 54.580` to 036 0 14 .570`E Lo
Page 17 and 18: 2.12 An attempt was made to collect
Page 19 and 20: Figure 1. Estimated Landcover of Bo
Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Estimated area of each lan
Page 23 and 24: specious, Macaranga capensis, Sapiu
Page 25 and 26: ferruginea, Phytolacacca dodecandra
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5. Regeneration in Boginda S
Page 29 and 30: Olea welwitschii, Oncinotis tenuilo
Page 31 and 32: 3.3.4 Herbaceous plants A. Bonga fo
Page 33 and 34: Figure 10 Herb species of Boginda 3
Page 35 and 36: Mankira Recorded climbers in Mankir
Page 37 and 38: C. Boginda Olyra latifolia, Poecilo
Page 39 and 40: Albizia gummifera, Dracaena fragran
Page 41 and 42: 3.3.5 Comparison of Forest areas (B
Page 43 and 44: Within each study area the total pl
Page 45 and 46: specific endemics than the Afromont
Page 47 and 48: The forests are also in the process
Page 49 and 50: 4.3. Vegetation According to A. Aal
Page 51 and 52: Chaffey reported that in Kaffa prov
Page 53 and 54: 2002 recorded very low number of se
Page 55 and 56: 4.3.5 Total Values of Bonga, Bogind
Page 57 and 58:
Class Bonga Boginda Mankira A=I 65
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Table 10. Common species in Mankira
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common and dominant species. The as
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5. PROPOSAL FOR CORE, BUFFER AND TR
Page 65 and 66:
is made entirely based on landcover
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6. REFERENCE Anonymous, (1999). For
Page 69 and 70:
Resources Management & Regulatory D
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soil resources, to the maximum exte
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Scientific Name Family Habit Diospy
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Scientific Name Family Habit Salaci
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No. Scientific name Family Habit 30
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Table 17. Common, Occasional and Ra
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Table 18. Species found within one
Page 83 and 84:
Photo 3. Forest conversion for agri
Page 85:
Annex V. Transect Location Figure 2
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Flora Biodiversity Assessment in Bonga, Boginda and Mankira Forest

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