Rocket: a Mediterranean crop for the world - Bioversity International

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16 ROCKET GENETIC RESOURCES NETWORK Table 4. Taxa of the three subgroups of the third group of Diplotaxis and their known chromosome numbers Taxon No. D. erucoides (L.) DC. subsp. Erucoides 7 D. erucoides (L.) DC. subsp. longisiliqua (Coss.) Gómez-Campo 7 D. ibicensis (Pau) Gómez-Campo 8 D. brevisiliqua (Coss.) Mart.-Laborde 8 D. ilorcitana (Sennen) Aedo et al. 8 D. siettiana Maire 8 D. assurgens (Del.) Thell. 9 D. berthautii Br.-Bl. and Maire 9 D. catholica (L.) DC. var. catholica 9 D. catholica (L.) DC. var. rivulorum (Br.-Bl. And Maire) Maire ? D. tenuisiliqua Del. subsp. Tenuisiliqua 9 D. tenuisiliqua Del. subsp. rupestris (J. Ball) Mart.-Laborde ? D. virgata (Cav. DC.) subsp. Virgata 9 D. virgata (Cav. DC.) f. sahariensis Coss. ? D. siifolia Kunze subsp. Siifolia 10 D. siifolia Kunze subsp. bipinnatifida (Coss.) Mart.-Laborde ? D. siifolia Kunze subsp. vicentina (Samp.) Mart.-Laborde 10 D. brachycarpa Godr. † D. ollivierii Maire ? † Count still unpublished. volatile isothiocyanates. This group comprises three taxa with n=11: D. tenuifolia, including subsp. cretacea, and D. simplex; D. viminea has n=10 and differs from the rest in having much smaller flowers. Also with a different chromosome number, D. muralis subsp. muralis has n=21 and is considered to be an allotetraploid from D. viminea and D. tenuifolia. The analysis of several isozymes (Sánchez-Yélamo and Martínez-Laborde 1991) supported the hybrid origin, and also showed a considerable similarity of patterns within the whole group. The other subspecies, D. muralis subsp. ceratophylla (Fig. 6), also appeared in this group. Little is known about D. scaposa, but it is morphologically close to D. muralis and seems to belong in this group. A second, very small group includes two OTUs, representing two subspecies of D. harra (Fig. 7). They are perennials with leafy stems, petals with brochidodromous nerviation, and seedless beak. Several other taxa could be added here (Table 3). The four species from Cape Verde – D. gracilis, D. glauca, D. hirta and D. vogelii – are morphologically very similar to D. harra; at least the first three have n=13 chromosomes, and two of them have even been reduced to subspecies of D. harra (Sobrino Vesperinas 1993). Other species, also morphologically close to D. harra but with unknown chromosome numbers, are D. villosa, D. kohlaanensis, D. nepalensis and D. pitardiana. A difficult case is that of D. acris. This species has larger flowers with purple petals, but is morphologically very similar to the D. harra group in most other respects. However, it has n=11 chromosomes – instead of 13 – and shows no evident affinity with the D. tenuifolia group. The same is valid for D. griffithii, of unknown chromosome number but very close to D. acris. The third group is the most numerous and heterogeneous, and includes three subgroups (Table 4). Taxa here are in general annuals with leafy stems, petal nervation generally kladodromous, and a frequently seminiferous beak. The two subspecies of D. erucoides (Fig. 8) are the only taxa with brochidodromous petals and
+)2)8-' 6)7396')7 &6))(-2+ %2( '908-:%8-32 Fig. 2. Seeds of Diplotaxis Fig. 3. Seeds of Diplotaxis siifolia. harra. Fig. 4. Diplotaxis tenuifolia (right). Fig. 5. Perennial rots in Fig. 6. Diplotaxis muralis Diplotaxis tenuifolia. subsp. cerathophylla. Fig. 7. Diplotaxis harra subsp. lagascana (right). Fig. 9. Diplotaxis siifolia Fig. 10. Diplotaxis subsp. vicentina (above). assurgens: plant habit. Fig. 8. Diplotaxis erucoides subsp. erucoides (left).
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