Rocket: a Mediterranean crop for the world - Bioversity International

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24 ROCKET GENETIC RESOURCES NETWORK isothiocyanates which do occur in B. rapa (Zhang et al. 1992). It may therefore be possible to alter the flavour composition and the nutritional value of B. rapa through the introgression of Eruca genes. 6IJIVIRGIW Mithen, R.F. and R. Magrath. 1992. Glucosinolates and resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in wild and cultivated Brassica species. Plant Breed. 108:60-68. Parkin, I.A.P., A.G. Sharpe, D.J. Keith and D.J. Lydiate. 1995. Identification of the A and C genomes of amphidiploid Brassicas napus (oilseed rape). Genome 38:1122- 1131. Tewari, J.P., V.K. Bansal, G.R. Stringam and M.R. Thiagarajah. 1995. Reaction of some wild and cultivated Eruca accessions against Leptosphaeria maculans. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 17(4):362-363. Zhang, Y., P. Talalay, C. Cho and G. Posner. 1992. A major inducer of anticarcinogenic protective enzymes from broccoli: Isolation and elucidation of structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:2399-2403.
+)2)8-' 6)7396')7 &6))(-2+ %2( '908-:%8-32 7IIH QSVTLSPSK] SJ WSQI XE\E FIPSRKMRK XS KIRYW (MTPSXE\MW ( ' ERH )VYGE 1MPPIV W. De Leonardis 1 , C. De Santis 1 , G. Fichera 1 , S. Padulosi 2 and A. Zizza 1 1 Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Catania, Italy 2 International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Rome, Italy Introduction In recent years, the specialization of techniques used to assess seed vigour and germinability, or applied in gametophytic selection and transgenic plants, has provided valuable elements for crop improvement or for the safeguarding of genetic diversity even in crops that, for too long, have been scarcely – if at all – used by people (Morinaga 1934; Labana et al. 1977; Gorini 1979; Arora and Lamba 1980; Goth and Webb 1980; Lamba and Arora 1981; Des and Lal 1982; Matsuzawa and Sarashima 1986; Mascagno 1987; Kanthaliya et al. 1990; Amla and Dhingra 1991; Hammer et al. 1992; Nuez and Bermejo 1992; Anonymous 1993; De Leonardis et al. 1996a, 1996b). The use of flowering brassicas as a source of food has always been of great interest to botanists (Tonzig 1941; Beijerink 1947; Garnier 1961; Leclerc 1966; Maugini 1973; Tomaselli 1974; De Capite 1984; Gastaldo 1987; Biagi and Speroni 1988; Anzalone 1989). The culinary use of seeds of Sinapis alba and S. arvensis was already known at the time of Theophrastus (4th century BC). In families like the Brassicaceae, which show distinct homogeneity of morphological characters, SEM (Scanning Electronic Microscope) analysis of the seed coat and the use of data for seed size can be useful diacritical features – as they are in pollen studies (Maurizio and Louveaux 1960; Perez De Paz 1977, 1980; De Leonardis et al. 1984, 1986, 1989a, 1989b, 1995; Díez 1987; Hodgkin 1985, 1987; Hodgkin and Lyon 1986) – in assessing their proper classification, the possible effects of anthropic selection and, last but not least, in detecting cases of seed adulteration (Cauda 1914; Musil 1948; Berggren 1960, 1962; Vaughan 1970; Vaughan and Whitehouse 1971; Corner 1976; Mulligan and Bailey 1976; Buth and Ara 1981; Matarese Palmieri 1990-91; Brochmann 1992; De Leonardis and Fichera 1994). Materials and methods Seed material was provided by Professors Gomez Campo and Martínez Laborde of the Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain. Full names of species used in the text are those adopted by the institutions providing the germplasm. Seeds were examined under the stereomicroscope (Wild M8) and under the SEM (Philips) after specimens had been dehydrated in the alcohol series and gold coated. The terminology used in this work follows that of Berggren (1981). The seed colour was scored according to Kornerup and Wanscher's manual (1978). The 20 taxa examined were coded with the initial of the genus D (Diplotaxis) or E (Eruca) followed by the specimen number (e.g. D3 =Diplotaxis muralis, etc.). Table 1 shows the average values for seed length, width and thickness. Results and discussion The results of these investigations are reported as follows, according to the alphabetical order of the species analyzed (L=length, W=width, T=thickness).
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