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Figures 1-4. Abdominal colour morphs of adult female Nephila antipodiana (photos: H.S. Yong). 1. Yellow morph; 2. Venter of a Yellow morph; 3. Greenish-yellow morph; 4. Reddish-brown morph. [9], the present study does not show unequivocally the association of colouration with habitat usage. Whether yellow colour in N. antipodiana confers a selective advantage remains to be verified. In Pantai Melawi with a mixture of micro-habitats, the percentage of yellow morph ranged from 9.68% to 42.86% in patches with coconut palms while in an open space it was 22.22% in contrat to 13.16% in an area with Hibiscus tiliaceus (Table 1). It is noteworthy that in the present study only two colour morphs appear to be present in a particular locality (Table 1). Of the two non-yellow morphs, the reddish-brown morph was found only in one locality (Lata Belatan) whereas the greenish-yellow morph Jostt vol 6.indd 41 7/22/10 10:09:20 PM 41 Journal of Science and Technology in the Tropics (2010) 6: 39-42
42 Journal of Science and Technology in the Tropics (2010) 6: 39-42 was more widespread. The reddish-brown morph was found in Teluk Chempedak, Pahang where N. antipodiana was first reported for Peninsular Malaysia [1]. In this locality, a yellow individual had been observed in the hill forest (H. S. Yong, unpublished information). At the University of Malaya, a single individual of the greenish morph had been found among ornamental palms (H. S. Yong, personal observation). The significance of the presence of only a single non-yellow morph in a particular locality remains to be elucidated. In addition to opisthosomal colour polymorphism, the colour and number of spots (or sigillae) on the dorsal surface of the abdomen of N. antipodiana are also variable. The dorsum may be marked with spots or sigillae. In the Philippines, the yellow morph has 1. Yong H.S. (2009) Nephila antipodiana (Araneae: Nephilidae) from Pahang: a new record for Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Science and Technology in the Tropics 5: 19-21. 2. Platnick N.I. (2010) The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History, online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders /catalog/index.html. 3. Koh J.K.H. (1989) A guide to common Singapore spiders. Singapore Science Centre, Singapore. 4. Barrion A.T. and Litsinger J.A. (1995) Riceland spiders 5. 6.     Figure 5. Juvenile female Nephila antipodiana with different colour pattern from adult female spider. (photo: H.S. Yong) of South and Southeast Asia. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Harvey M.S., Austin A.D. and Adams M. (2007) The systematic and biology of the spider genus Nephila (Araneae: Nephilidae) in the Australasian region. Invertebrate Systematics 21: 407-451. Oxford G.S. and Gillespie R.G. (1998) Evolution REFERENCES six pairs of subovate yellow spots, each with a thin black margin [4]. In Australasia, the dorsal surface has four pairs of sigillae [5]. The yellow morph in the present study (Peninsular Malaysia) is characterized by five pairs of yellow spots/sigillae, each well defined by black margin. There may also be a sigilla/ spot situated at the middle of the dorsal surface (Fig. 1). The yellow morph of N. antipodiana in general appears to possess fewer spots than the non-yellow morphs. In the present study, the yellow morph had five pairs of spots/sigillae. On the other hand, the greenish-yellow and reddish-brown morphs had nine pairs of spots which were variable in size. Another difference is the spots in the yellow morph tended to assume the appearance of sigillae – depression at least at the posterior part of the spot. The intensity and dimension of the black outline are also variable. Spots in the greenish-yellow and reddish-brown morphs are not marked by black outline. In sum, N. antipodiana is highly variable in colouration and pattern/marking. Cursory observations indicate the presence of other colour morphs. Detailed studies are needed to elucidate the ontogeny of colour and pattern development, and the function and mechanism of the variation and polymorphism. N. antipodiana could be an excellent model for evolutionary and ecological studies. Acknowledgements – We thank the University of Malaya for financial and other supports to carry out this study. 7. 8. 9. and ecology of spider coloration. Annual Review of Entomology 43: 619-643. Gillespie R.G. and Tabashnik B. (1989) What makes a happy face? Determinants of colour pattern in the spider Theridion grallator (Araneae, Theridiidae). Heredity 62: 335-363. Oxford G.S. and Gillespie R.G. (1996) Genetics of a colour polymorphism in Theridion grallator (Araneae: Theridiidae), the Hawaiian happy-face spider, from Greater Maui. Heredity 76: 238-248. Oxford G.S. (2009) An exuberant, undescribed colour polymorphism in Theridion californicum (Araneae, Theridiidae): implications for a theridiid pattern ground plan and the convergent evolution of visible morphs. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 96: 23-34. With 2 figures. Jostt vol 6.indd 42 7/22/10 10:09:22 PM
Page 2 and 3: Volume 6 Number 1 Jun 2010 Editoria
Page 4 and 5: Journal of Science and Technology i
Page 8 and 9:   Location Oral contrast Gastric
Page 10 and 11: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomogr
Page 14 and 15: otary microtome. The sections were
Page 16 and 17: weight of rhizome, plant height and
Page 20 and 21: asis. There were 12 stations in the
Page 22 and 23: 1. Drew R.A.I. (1989) The taxonomy
Page 26 and 27: The field team comprised eight memb
Page 28 and 29: of the reproductive tracts, and als
Page 30 and 31: Appendix 1: Mammal species recorded
Page 34 and 35: vitamin C (0.25 to 2.5 mM). Lower c
Page 36 and 37: P. bleo against both the 4T1 and 3T
Page 38 and 39: the most effective. The ability to
Page 46 and 47: A silicon p-n junction photodiode w
Page 48 and 49: = 8 kV, L = 9 cm and with operating
Page 52 and 53: Contact angle [Deg.] 90 80 70 60 50
Page 56 and 57: The acoustic emission sensors, mode
Page 58 and 59: SAE Technical Paper Series No. 9611
Page 62 and 63: abundance values by retrieving the
Page 64 and 65: energy neutrons (the second upper h
Page 66 and 67: the differences of γ energy spectr
Page 68 and 69: Volume 6 Number 1 Jun 2010 Editoria
Page 74 and 75:   Location Oral contrast Gastric
Page 76 and 77: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomogr
Page 80 and 81: otary microtome. The sections were
Page 82 and 83: weight of rhizome, plant height and
Page 86 and 87: asis. There were 12 stations in the
Page 88 and 89: 1. Drew R.A.I. (1989) The taxonomy
Page 92 and 93:
The field team comprised eight memb
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of the reproductive tracts, and als
Page 96 and 97:
Appendix 1: Mammal species recorded
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Journal of Science and Technology i
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vitamin C (0.25 to 2.5 mM). Lower c
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P. bleo against both the 4T1 and 3T
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the most effective. The ability to
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Page 108 and 109:
Figures 1-4. Abdominal colour morph
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Page 112 and 113:
A silicon p-n junction photodiode w
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= 8 kV, L = 9 cm and with operating
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Page 118 and 119:
Contact angle [Deg.] 90 80 70 60 50
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
The acoustic emission sensors, mode
Page 124 and 125:
SAE Technical Paper Series No. 9611
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
abundance values by retrieving the
Page 130 and 131:
energy neutrons (the second upper h
Page 132 and 133:
the differences of γ energy spectr
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