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CONTENTS.
fhe vast Sphere of new Ideas opened to Mankind by the Campaigns
of Alexander
The Countries through which the INIacedonians passed
The Natural Products fii*st made known
155
157
158
Aristotle 160
The Men of Aristotle's School 163
The Comparison of Races 165
The Schools of Babylon
166
Alexander's Advance to the Land of the Five Rivers 168
ni. Extension
Ptolemies
of the Contemplation of the Universe under the
170-179
The three great Ptolemies 171
The Caravan Trade, its Influence in extending a Knowledge of
different Countries 171, 172
Proofs of the Commercial Relations maintained by the Egyptians 174
The Tendency of the Schools of Alexandria 174
'The Foundation of the Alexandrian INIuseum 175
The Alexandrian Astronomers 176
The slow Advance of Astronomy from those remote Ages to its
present high Stand 179
IV. Universal Dominion of the Romans 180—199
The Extent of the Area of the Roman Dominions 181
The few Observers of Nature who appeared at this Period 182
The Greatness of the National Character of the Romans 184
Diffusion of the Latin Tongue
185
The Expeditions undertaken by Asiatic Rulers 186
The Works of Strabo and Ptolemy
187
The Way-measurers in use among the Chinese 191
The Optical Inquiries of Ptolemy
19v
The Botanical Gardens of the Romans 195
The Historia Naturalis of Pliny
195
Reference to the
Christianity
Influence exercised by the Establishment of
199
V. Invasion of the Arabs 200-228
Principal Momenta of the Recognition of the Unity of Natr.re . . 200
The Arabs 201
Natural Products of Arabia 204, 205
Nomadic Life in Arabia 207
Mental Culture of the Arabs 208
Arabian Geographers
213
The learned Men of Arabia 216
Astronomical Works of the Arabs , 222
Science of Numbers 225
VI. Period of Oceanic Discoveries 228-301
The fifteenth Centur}', its Tendencies 228
The first Discovery of Amer'ca 230
V