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VI CONTENTS. Part The conjectured Discovery of America by the Irish 234 The Efforts of Missionaries . 235 The Traces of Gaelic supposed to be met with in American Dialects 236 The Rediscovery of America by Columbus 238 The Discovery of Tropical America 240 Albertus Magnus, Bacon, and Vincenzius of Beauvais 241 Realists and Nominalists 243 The Encyclopedic Works of the fifteenth Century The Revival of Greek Literature 246 248 Important Events in Asia 249 Early Travelers 249, 250 Marco Polo's Narratives 251 Use of the Magnetic Needle 253 The supposed Inventor of the Mariner's Compass 254 Application of Astronomy to Navigation 255 Martyr de Anghiera 260 The Charts consulted by Columbus 261 The Characteristics of Columbus 263 The Discovery and Navigation of the Pacific 267 The first Circumnavigation of the Earth The Conquistadores The Discovery of the Sandwich Islands, &c Spanish Travelers in the new Continent 270 271 272 274 Papal Line of Demarkation 277 Line without Magnetic Variation 278 The Magnetic Pole 281 The Line of Perpetual Snow 282 The Equatorial Current 283 The first Descriptions of ibj Southern Constellations The Coal-bags and the ]\lf.gellanic Clouds The Southern Cross 286 286 288 The Determination of the Ship's Place 291 The Age of the Conouista 296 VII. Great Discoveries in the Heavens 301—353 The Telescope 302 The seventeenth Century 302 Nicolaus Copernicus The different Stages of the Development of Cosmical Contempla- 303 tion 309 The Theory of Eccentric Intercalated Spheres The great Men of the seventeenth Centurv 316 316 The accidental Discovery of the Telescope 317 Telescopic Discoveries The Discovery of Jupiter's Satellites ,.... 319 320 The Spots upon the Sun . , , . 324 Galileo 324 Kepler 325
CONTEXTS. vn The Zodiacal Light 329 Polarization and Interfei'ence of Light 332 Measurable Velocity of Light 333 William Gilbert 334 Edmund Hallcy 336 Land and Sea Expeditions 336 Instruments for measuring Heat 337 The Electric Force 341 Otto von Guericke 342 Pneumatic Chemistry 343 Geognostic Phenomena The Charm inherent in ^Mathematical Studies 347 351 VIIL Retrospect of the Epochs considered 352-356 Recapitulation 352 The Power of penetrating Space 353 Early Gems of Natural Knowledge 35-1 The Advanae of various Scieacej .........v.....,....*..... S53
Page 1: "1 I; I I \]\' I
Page 7 and 8: COSMOS: A SKETCH OF A PHYSICAL DESC
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTS OF VOL. li. PART I. INCITE
Page 11: CONTENTS. fhe vast Sphere of new Id
Page 16 and 17: X SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS. VIII. Re
Page 18 and 19: XL SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS ry of th
Page 20 and 21: nV SUMMARY OF THE C0i\TEl\T3. niir
Page 22 and 23: XVI SUMMARY UF THE CONTExVTS. nent
Page 24 and 25: XVIU SUMMARY OF THE CONT.G\TS. arem
Page 26 and 27: 20 COSMOS. more widely-diffL .ed cu
Page 28 and 29: 2U COSxMO.^. remarks, they must not
Page 30 and 31: 24 COSMOS. the inanimate world of p
Page 32 and 33: 20 COSMOS. to extol li.s native Col
Page 34 and 35: 88 cozmwi. Oil account of the renow
Page 36 and 37: 30 COSMOS^. disposition to practica
Page 38 and 39: 32 COSMOS. mountain teliind the old
Page 40 and 41: S4 uosMos. member, "liow, by the fo
Page 42 and 43: St> COSMOS. scribe batt](3-fields,
Page 44 and 45: Sj^ cosmos. but he likewise ciitert
Page 46 and 47: 40 COSMOS probably less well known
Page 48 and 49: |2 COSMOS. bhores in peaL'eful spor
Page 50 and 51: 44 COSMOS. peatedly expressed, that
Page 52 and 53: 46 COSMOS. maidens is disheveled by
Page 54 and 55: 48 COSMOS. tnanner in the introduct
Page 56 and 57: 50 COSMOS. tule one of the most rem
Page 58 and 59: 52 cos »io3. Arians or Persiins, w
Page 60 and 61: 54 COSMOS. sian literature does not
Page 62 and 63:
56 COSMOS. the nightingale and the
Page 64 and 65:
6 COSMOS. ment are a faithM reflect
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50 CU5M0S. Wliere nature has but sp
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62 COSMOS. 1 liLve endeavored, in t
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64 COSMOS. made on Lis mind by the
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6 COSMOS. fied witn literary compos
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68 COSMOS. elegiac idyllic element
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70 COSMOS. of Europe,* from the col
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7^ COSMOS. This enthusiastic poetic
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74 COSMOS. er, iu îng Lfâi', ^\ll
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76 COSMOS. A greater depth of feeli
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78 COSMOS. velopmeiit of language c
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80 COSMOri. the power possessed by
Page 88 and 89:
62 COSMOS aJl organic germs, that h
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•Si COSMOS. Delphi. Among the pai
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St5 i:usM03. ami graphical represen
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SS COSMOS. tul but almost timid imi
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90 COSMOS. served as the representa
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92 COSMOS. as paintings, and partly
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94 COSMOS. begun to acquire a certa
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painters, and thus lieighteaing the
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98 COSMOS. landscape painting on a
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too COSMOS. anliniited in space, it
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102 CCSMOS. J'he gardens of the Asi
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104 " COSMOS freshness of the meado
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106 COSMOS. PART II. HISTORY OF THE
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108 COSMOS. either vague, or blende
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110 COSMOS. of the natural characte
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11'^ cosxwog From tlie above consid
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114 COSMOS jivmLent that we should
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116 COSMOS. These central points iv
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118 COSMOS. which they do not ah'ea
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120 COSMOS. nesus, nut far from the
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122 COSMOS. But that Avhich, as has
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124 COSMO? em early and distinguish
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126 COSMOS. lauds of the Scytliiaii
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128 COSMOS. and powerfully develope
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130 COSMOS. glass-wares, tissues, a
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132 COSMOS. iEstii on the Baltic, o
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134 COSMOS mg Wiio&e precise period
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13(5 COSMOS. In the enumeration of
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138 COSMOS. made at^quaiiited with
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140 COSMOS. between flashes of lisl
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142 COSMOS. Uralian Mountains, Euro
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1 44 COSMOS. the reciprocal reflect
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146 COSMOS. At the northeustern ext
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148 COSMOS. is situated wUhin a mor
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150 IJOSMOS. Greece itself. Theso c
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152 COSMOS. Azores, finall) came to
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154 cosMOji. introddction from the
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156 CG3M03 thenes, Nearchus, Aristo
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XbS coSxMos. Mere certain kiiovledg
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180 COSMOS. abroad b^ the conquests
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162 COSMOS. May nol the knowledge o
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164 COSMOS. already, before the cam
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i66 coSx>ios. ed negro races, which
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168 COSMOS. not go further back tha
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170 COSMOS. EXTENSION OF THE CONTEM
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i*72 COSMOS. of Africa by Cyrene an
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(74 COSMOS. noblest type, in the ef
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176 tosMos. great scientific instii
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178 COSMOS. vestigatlon of the cons
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ISO COSMOS. imiVERSAL DOMINION OF T
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182 josMos only the greatest divers
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184 codMos. pie , but, alter the gr
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J 86 COSMOS. from enterirg into rel
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188 COSMOS geoâphical information
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ISO COSMOS. of tlie breaking forth
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192 COSMOS. until after a p3riod of
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194 COSMOS. This lattei mode of pro
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19t) COSMOS. earth's surface, and a
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198 C03MJS. the grand unity of natu
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200 COSMOS. INVASION OF THE ARABS.
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202 COSMOS. besides the influence t
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204 C0SM03. As the life of nations
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806 COSMOS universal traffic with I
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208 'josMos. in cities, Avliile in
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210 COSMOS. estimate by the measure
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812 COSMOS. ment to the- mental cul
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214 COSMOS of I'actri, even from th
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*H6 COSMOS. nevertheless, the zoolo
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218 COSMO:?. chemistry, a science f
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220 COSMOS. Although tlie purity an
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822 COSMOS. periodic course of the
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224 c 0SMO3. eral mass of matheii.a
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326 COSMOS. problem, concerning wki
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228 COSMOS. probaLl} have supervene
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230 COSMOS. once awakened, was soon
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232 COSMOS. cipal settLment of the
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4*Si COSMOS. by able commentaries.*
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236 COSMOS. That this first discove
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238 COSMOS. bus, in a work " On the
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îO COSMOS. but it was not from the
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242 COSMOS. Rs were eagerly taken u
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244 COSMOS. main of analytic chemis
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•246 COSMOS. the Almagest. As he,
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S48 COSMOS. and chemical treatises
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250 COSMOS. iireat maritime nations
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i52 COSMOS. er refer to Pius ? tlie
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254 COSMOS. zius of Beauvais giv(s
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25t> COSMOS, and stars.'* It can no
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258 COSMOS. navigation of the Spani
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260 ôsm: s. poraries of Columbus.
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202 COSMOS. peai from Las Casas's m
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2G4 COSMOJs. the Arabian and Jewish
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266 COSMOS. which baJies the wester
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208 COSMOS. to west over half of th
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270 COSMOS east to northwest, in a
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272 cosiMos. thermal substances or
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274 C0S3I0S means assume i similar
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276 COSMOS the Middle Ages were to
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278 COSMOS. possessions, at i dista
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580 COSMOS. netic ani a Li'onomical
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^82 COSMOS. Bacon ;* to the decreas
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284 COSMOS. ally on the subject on
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286 COSMOS. "the case at the time o
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288 cos-Mos. The less regular distr
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290 cosMoy. ta, in liis Hhtoria Nat
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292 rosMoa. time clcar]y distinguis
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294 COSMOS. have lost sight of land
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296 COSMOS. The age of the Conqii'i
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'298 cosMus. biouglit nearer to Eur
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SOO COSMOS. py the easteia shores o
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302 COSMOS. the telescope, through
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304 cOx^Mos. for thirty-three years
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503 COSMOS. not, necessarily cither
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308 COSMOS. tern which bears his im
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SIO COSMOS. other, or, in other wtr
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312 COSMOS. Among all the opinions
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314 COSMOS. The figurative and poet
Page 322 and 323:
816 cusMus. as solid bodies of mate
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318 COSMOS. Laprey in the important
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320 COSMOS. he first directed towar
Page 328 and 329:
322 COSMOS. periodic times were as
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324 COSMOS. The S2:)ots ui)on the s
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326 coSxMos. also, Irom a letter of
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328 COSMOS. before the discovery of
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330 COSMOS. pie. In our ow4 time, t
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332 COSMOS. pia i with the double r
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B84 :osM03. the consideration of te
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336 COSMOS. lines. Never before, I
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8^8 COSMOS. tions regarding the tem
Page 346 and 347:
•i40 COSMOS I'cct view was taken
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342 COSMOS. and of the IGOO, under
Page 350 and 351:
314 COSMOS. ity of the air, which a
Page 352 and 353:
346 COSMOS. saltpetre on clay walls
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348 COSMOS the former beds of straa
Page 356 and 357:
350 COSMOS. es by fusion and solidi
Page 358 and 359:
352 COSMOS. tliemselves in. tones,
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35i COSMOS. made t) determine their
Page 362 and 363:
356 COSMOS. nnfrequently the physic
Page 364 and 365:
.358 COSMC';!. aluable tmnslatioiis
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3ll ) COSMOS Creuzer on the "Adonis
Page 368 and 369:
382 COSMOS, writings of Ctesias, 15
Page 370 and 371:
364 COSMOS. Arabic. 224 ; of the Mi
Page 372 and 373:
'S66 itable truth to nature of his
Page 379:
^ cp
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