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114 COSMOS jivmLent that we should begin our historical representation of the universe Irom some definite point of our terrestrial planet. We will select for this purpose that sea basin around which
fUY&ICAL CONTEMPLATION OF THE UNIVERSE. 11,1 the first colony migrated from the northeastern declivity oi the Kuen-lun into the lower river valley of the Hoang-ho. al least, and probably still more, mast be conjectured for the gradual growth of a civilization which had been completed, and had in pai-^ begun to degenerate, at least 3430 years B.C." (Lepsius, in several letters to myself, dated March, 1846, and therefore after his return from his memorable expedition.) Compare, also, Bunsen's Considerations on the Commencement of Universal History, which, strictly defined, is only a history of recent times, in his ingenious and learned work, ^gyptejis Stelle in der Weltgeschichte, 1845, erstes Buch, s. 11-13. The historical existence and regular chronology of the Chinese go back to 24Q0, and even to 2700 before our era, far beyond Ju to Hoang-ty. Many literary monuments of the thirteenth century B.C. are extant, and in the twelfth century B.C. Thscheu-li records the measurement of the length of the solstitial shadow taken with such exactness by Tscheu-kung, in the town of Lo-yaug, south of the Yellow River, that Laplace found that it accorded perfectly with the theory of the alteration of the obliquity of the ecliptic, which was only established at the close of the last century. All suspicion of a measurement of the Earth's direction derived by calculating back, falls therefore to the ground of itself. See Edouard Biot, Sur la Constitution Politique de la Chine au 12eme Siecle avant notre ere (1845), p. 3 and 9. The building of Tyre and of the original temple of Melkarth (the Tyriau Hercules) would, according to the account which Herodotus received from the priests (II., 44), reach back 2760 years before our era. Compare, also, Heereu, Ideen uber Politik mid Verkekr der Volker, th. i., 2, 1824, s. 12. Simplicius calculates, from a notice transmitted by Poi'phyry, that the date of the earliest Babylonian astronomical observations which were known to Aristotle was 1903 years before Alexander the Great; and Ideler, who is so profound and cautious as a chronologist, considers this estimate in no way improbable. See his Handhuch der Chronologie, bd. i., s. 207 ; the Ahhandhingen der Berliner Akad. auf das Jahr 1814, s. 217 ; and ViOckXi, Metrol. Untersuchungen iiber dieMasê des Alterthnms, 1838, s. 36. Whether safe historic ground is to be found in India earlier than 1200 B.C., according to the chronicles of Kashmeer (Radjataran- gini, trad, par Troyer), is a question still involved in obscurity ; while Megasthenes {Indica, ed. Schwanbeck, 1846, p. 50) reckons for 153 kings of the dynasty of Magadha, from Manu to Kandragupta, from sixty to sixty-four centuries, and the astronomer Arjâbhatta places the beginning of his chronology 3102 B.C. (Lassen, Ind. Alterthumsk., bd. i., 8. 473-505, 507, und 510). In order to give the numbers contained in this note a higher significance in respect to the history of human civilization, it will not be superfluous to recall the fact that the destruction of Troy is placed by the Greeks 1184, by Homer 1000 or 950, and by Cadmus the Milesian, the first historical writer among the Greeks, 524 years before our era. This comparison of epochs proves at whaJ ditferent periods the desire for an exact record of events and enter- prises was awakened among the nations most highly susceptible of culture and we are involuntarily reminded of the exclamation which " O So- Plato, in the Timceus, puts in the mouth of the priests of Sais : lon, O Solon ! ye Greeks still remain ever children ; nowhere in Hellas is thei-e an aged man. Your souls are ever youthful; ye have in them uo knov^ledge of antiquity, no ancient belief, no wisdom srow;i veuer ible by age."
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"1 I; I I \]\' I
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COSMOS: A SKETCH OF A PHYSICAL DESC
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CONTENTS OF VOL. li. PART I. INCITE
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CONTENTS. fhe vast Sphere of new Id
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CONTEXTS. vn The Zodiacal Light 329
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X SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS. VIII. Re
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XL SUMMARY OF THE CONTENTS ry of th
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nV SUMMARY OF THE C0i\TEl\T3. niir
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XVI SUMMARY UF THE CONTExVTS. nent
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XVIU SUMMARY OF THE CONT.G\TS. arem
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20 COSMOS. more widely-diffL .ed cu
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2U COSxMO.^. remarks, they must not
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24 COSMOS. the inanimate world of p
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20 COSMOS. to extol li.s native Col
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88 cozmwi. Oil account of the renow
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30 COSMOS^. disposition to practica
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32 COSMOS. mountain teliind the old
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S4 uosMos. member, "liow, by the fo
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St> COSMOS. scribe batt](3-fields,
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Sj^ cosmos. but he likewise ciitert
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40 COSMOS probably less well known
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|2 COSMOS. bhores in peaL'eful spor
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44 COSMOS. peatedly expressed, that
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46 COSMOS. maidens is disheveled by
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48 COSMOS. tnanner in the introduct
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50 COSMOS. tule one of the most rem
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52 cos »io3. Arians or Persiins, w
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54 COSMOS. sian literature does not
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56 COSMOS. the nightingale and the
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6 COSMOS. ment are a faithM reflect
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50 CU5M0S. Wliere nature has but sp
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62 COSMOS. 1 liLve endeavored, in t
Page 70 and 71: 64 COSMOS. made on Lis mind by the
Page 72 and 73: 6 COSMOS. fied witn literary compos
Page 74 and 75: 68 COSMOS. elegiac idyllic element
Page 76 and 77: 70 COSMOS. of Europe,* from the col
Page 78 and 79: 7^ COSMOS. This enthusiastic poetic
Page 80 and 81: 74 COSMOS. er, iu îng Lfâi', ^\ll
Page 82 and 83: 76 COSMOS. A greater depth of feeli
Page 84 and 85: 78 COSMOS. velopmeiit of language c
Page 86 and 87: 80 COSMOri. the power possessed by
Page 88 and 89: 62 COSMOS aJl organic germs, that h
Page 90 and 91: •Si COSMOS. Delphi. Among the pai
Page 92 and 93: St5 i:usM03. ami graphical represen
Page 94 and 95: SS COSMOS. tul but almost timid imi
Page 96 and 97: 90 COSMOS. served as the representa
Page 98 and 99: 92 COSMOS. as paintings, and partly
Page 100 and 101: 94 COSMOS. begun to acquire a certa
Page 102 and 103: painters, and thus lieighteaing the
Page 104 and 105: 98 COSMOS. landscape painting on a
Page 106 and 107: too COSMOS. anliniited in space, it
Page 108 and 109: 102 CCSMOS. J'he gardens of the Asi
Page 110 and 111: 104 " COSMOS freshness of the meado
Page 112 and 113: 106 COSMOS. PART II. HISTORY OF THE
Page 114 and 115: 108 COSMOS. either vague, or blende
Page 116 and 117: 110 COSMOS. of the natural characte
Page 118 and 119: 11'^ cosxwog From tlie above consid
Page 122 and 123: 116 COSMOS. These central points iv
Page 124 and 125: 118 COSMOS. which they do not ah'ea
Page 126 and 127: 120 COSMOS. nesus, nut far from the
Page 128 and 129: 122 COSMOS. But that Avhich, as has
Page 130 and 131: 124 COSMO? em early and distinguish
Page 132 and 133: 126 COSMOS. lauds of the Scytliiaii
Page 134 and 135: 128 COSMOS. and powerfully develope
Page 136 and 137: 130 COSMOS. glass-wares, tissues, a
Page 138 and 139: 132 COSMOS. iEstii on the Baltic, o
Page 140 and 141: 134 COSMOS mg Wiio&e precise period
Page 142 and 143: 13(5 COSMOS. In the enumeration of
Page 144 and 145: 138 COSMOS. made at^quaiiited with
Page 146 and 147: 140 COSMOS. between flashes of lisl
Page 148 and 149: 142 COSMOS. Uralian Mountains, Euro
Page 150 and 151: 1 44 COSMOS. the reciprocal reflect
Page 152 and 153: 146 COSMOS. At the northeustern ext
Page 154 and 155: 148 COSMOS. is situated wUhin a mor
Page 156 and 157: 150 IJOSMOS. Greece itself. Theso c
Page 158 and 159: 152 COSMOS. Azores, finall) came to
Page 160 and 161: 154 cosMOji. introddction from the
Page 162 and 163: 156 CG3M03 thenes, Nearchus, Aristo
Page 164 and 165: XbS coSxMos. Mere certain kiiovledg
Page 166 and 167: 180 COSMOS. abroad b^ the conquests
Page 168 and 169: 162 COSMOS. May nol the knowledge o
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164 COSMOS. already, before the cam
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i66 coSx>ios. ed negro races, which
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168 COSMOS. not go further back tha
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170 COSMOS. EXTENSION OF THE CONTEM
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i*72 COSMOS. of Africa by Cyrene an
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(74 COSMOS. noblest type, in the ef
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176 tosMos. great scientific instii
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178 COSMOS. vestigatlon of the cons
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ISO COSMOS. imiVERSAL DOMINION OF T
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182 josMos only the greatest divers
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184 codMos. pie , but, alter the gr
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J 86 COSMOS. from enterirg into rel
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188 COSMOS geoâphical information
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ISO COSMOS. of tlie breaking forth
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192 COSMOS. until after a p3riod of
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194 COSMOS. This lattei mode of pro
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19t) COSMOS. earth's surface, and a
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198 C03MJS. the grand unity of natu
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200 COSMOS. INVASION OF THE ARABS.
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202 COSMOS. besides the influence t
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204 C0SM03. As the life of nations
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806 COSMOS universal traffic with I
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208 'josMos. in cities, Avliile in
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210 COSMOS. estimate by the measure
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812 COSMOS. ment to the- mental cul
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214 COSMOS of I'actri, even from th
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*H6 COSMOS. nevertheless, the zoolo
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218 COSMO:?. chemistry, a science f
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220 COSMOS. Although tlie purity an
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822 COSMOS. periodic course of the
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224 c 0SMO3. eral mass of matheii.a
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326 COSMOS. problem, concerning wki
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228 COSMOS. probaLl} have supervene
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230 COSMOS. once awakened, was soon
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232 COSMOS. cipal settLment of the
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4*Si COSMOS. by able commentaries.*
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236 COSMOS. That this first discove
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238 COSMOS. bus, in a work " On the
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îO COSMOS. but it was not from the
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242 COSMOS. Rs were eagerly taken u
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244 COSMOS. main of analytic chemis
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•246 COSMOS. the Almagest. As he,
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S48 COSMOS. and chemical treatises
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250 COSMOS. iireat maritime nations
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i52 COSMOS. er refer to Pius ? tlie
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254 COSMOS. zius of Beauvais giv(s
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25t> COSMOS, and stars.'* It can no
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258 COSMOS. navigation of the Spani
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260 ôsm: s. poraries of Columbus.
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202 COSMOS. peai from Las Casas's m
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2G4 COSMOJs. the Arabian and Jewish
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266 COSMOS. which baJies the wester
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208 COSMOS. to west over half of th
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270 COSMOS east to northwest, in a
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272 cosiMos. thermal substances or
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274 C0S3I0S means assume i similar
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276 COSMOS the Middle Ages were to
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278 COSMOS. possessions, at i dista
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580 COSMOS. netic ani a Li'onomical
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^82 COSMOS. Bacon ;* to the decreas
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284 COSMOS. ally on the subject on
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286 COSMOS. "the case at the time o
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288 cos-Mos. The less regular distr
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290 cosMoy. ta, in liis Hhtoria Nat
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292 rosMoa. time clcar]y distinguis
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294 COSMOS. have lost sight of land
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296 COSMOS. The age of the Conqii'i
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'298 cosMus. biouglit nearer to Eur
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SOO COSMOS. py the easteia shores o
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302 COSMOS. the telescope, through
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304 cOx^Mos. for thirty-three years
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503 COSMOS. not, necessarily cither
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308 COSMOS. tern which bears his im
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SIO COSMOS. other, or, in other wtr
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312 COSMOS. Among all the opinions
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314 COSMOS. The figurative and poet
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816 cusMus. as solid bodies of mate
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318 COSMOS. Laprey in the important
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320 COSMOS. he first directed towar
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322 COSMOS. periodic times were as
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324 COSMOS. The S2:)ots ui)on the s
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326 coSxMos. also, Irom a letter of
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328 COSMOS. before the discovery of
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330 COSMOS. pie. In our ow4 time, t
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332 COSMOS. pia i with the double r
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B84 :osM03. the consideration of te
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336 COSMOS. lines. Never before, I
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8^8 COSMOS. tions regarding the tem
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•i40 COSMOS I'cct view was taken
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342 COSMOS. and of the IGOO, under
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314 COSMOS. ity of the air, which a
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346 COSMOS. saltpetre on clay walls
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348 COSMOS the former beds of straa
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350 COSMOS. es by fusion and solidi
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352 COSMOS. tliemselves in. tones,
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35i COSMOS. made t) determine their
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356 COSMOS. nnfrequently the physic
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.358 COSMC';!. aluable tmnslatioiis
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3ll ) COSMOS Creuzer on the "Adonis
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382 COSMOS, writings of Ctesias, 15
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364 COSMOS. Arabic. 224 ; of the Mi
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'S66 itable truth to nature of his
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^ cp
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