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Fuselage self-propulsion by static-pressure thrust - CAFE Foundation

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potential 60% power saving for 2-seat aircraft and 40% 9. F. R. Goldschmied, "Proposal for the study of<br />

power for 4-seat aircraft, as to Application of Boundary-Layer Control to Lighter-<br />

than-air CFsft", Goodyear Aircraft Corp. Rpt.<br />

specific current designs. A similar study was GER-5796, 1954.<br />

presented <strong>by</strong> the same author (1986)35 for general<br />

aviation aircraft based on the McLemore (1962)<br />

body/wake-propeller configuration.<br />

Pressure <strong>thrust</strong> is the most efficient form of<br />

fuselage <strong>self</strong>-<strong>propulsion</strong>; it is based on the best<br />

34 10. F. R. Goldschmied, 'A Theoretical Aerodynamic<br />

Analysis of a Boundary Layer Controlled Airship<br />

Bull", Goodyear Aircraft Corp. Rpt. GER-6251,<br />

1954.<br />

11. D. Kuchemann and J. Weber, wAerodynamics of<br />

Propulsion", McGraw Bill Book Co., 1953.<br />

possible implementation of the BLC system. It cannot<br />

be overemphesized that the most careful<br />

be 12. B. Edwards, "Laminar Flow Control-Concepts,<br />

Experiences, Speculations", AGARD Rpt. 654,<br />

given to thc optimization of this system for any given "Special Course on Concepts for Drag Reduction",<br />

aircraft design application.<br />

April 1977.<br />

Acknowledgements<br />

The contributions of Justin McCarthy and of Dennis<br />

Bushnell are gratefully acknowledged <strong>by</strong> the author.<br />

At the David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center,<br />

McCarthy convinced the author that a new look was<br />

needed <strong>by</strong> pointing out, again and again, that the<br />

skin-friction drag was always there, acting on the<br />

body's wetted area, no matter what was done to the<br />

boundary-layer at the tail, At the NASA Langley<br />

Research Center, Bushnell was the first to suggest the<br />

<strong>pressure</strong> <strong>thrust</strong> concept for bodies and to hold many<br />

useful discussions with the author<br />

References<br />

1. J. B. Edwards, 'Fundamental Aspects of Propulsion<br />

for Laminar Flow Aircraft". Boundary Laver and<br />

Flow Control, G. V. Lachmann, Ed.', Vdl. 11,<br />

Pergamon Press, 1961.<br />

2. J. B. Fanucci, et al, "Navy V/STOL Aerodynamics:<br />

Final Report", West Virginia University, Aerospace<br />

Engrg. Rpt. TR-40, Feb. 1974.<br />

3.<br />

4.<br />

I. M. Davidson, 'Some Engineering Problems of the<br />

Jet Flap', Boundary Layer and Flow Control, G. V.<br />

Lachmann, Ed., Vol. I, Pergamon Press, 1961.<br />

N. A. Dimmock, "Some Further Jet Flap<br />

Experiments", ARC CP#345, 1957.<br />

5. B. S. Stratford, "A Further Discussion on Mixing<br />

and the Jet Flap", Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol.<br />

VII, Aug. 1956.<br />

6. B. S. Stratford, "Mixing and the Jet Flap",<br />

Aeronautical Quarterly, Vol. VII, May 1956.<br />

7. E. Schlichting and E. Truckenbrodt, "Aerodynamics<br />

of the AirplaneM, McGraw Hill International Book<br />

Go. 1979 (Ch. 5).<br />

8. P. A. Cerreta, 'Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the<br />

Drag of a Proposed Boundary-Layer Controlled<br />

Airship', David W. Taylor Model Basin, Aero Rpt.<br />

914, 1957.<br />

---'<br />

-19.<br />

13. M. P. Earsche, F. A . Pake and A. R. Wasson, "An<br />

Investigation of a Boundary-Layer Controlled<br />

Airship", Goodyear Aircraft Corp. Rpt. GER-8399,<br />

1957.<br />

14. F. R. Goldschmied, "Integrated Bull Design,<br />

Boundary-Layer Control and Propulsion of Submerged<br />

Bodies", AIAA Paper 66-658, Second Propulsion<br />

Conference, Colorado Springs, CO, June 1966. AIAA<br />

J. Eydronautics Val. I #1, p. 2-11, 1967.<br />

15. F. R. Goldschmied, "Aerodynamic Analysis of the<br />

1969 Wind-Tunnel Tests of the Goldschmied Body.<br />

Vol. I - Slot Geometries and Body Pressure<br />

Distributions. Vol. I1 - Boundary-Layer Suction,<br />

Transition and Wake-Dragn, Westinghouse R&D<br />

Center, Report 77-1ES-BLCON-R1, RZ, 1977.<br />

16. J. E. Preston, N. Gregory and A . G. Rawcliffe,<br />

"The Theoretical Estimation of Power Requirements<br />

far Slot-Suction Aerofoils, with Numerical Results<br />

for Two Thick Griffith Type Sections", British ARC<br />

R&M 2577, 2953.<br />

17. F. R. Goldschmied, "ind-Tunnel Test of the<br />

Modified Goldschmied Model with Propulsion and<br />

Empennage: Analysis of Test Results", David W.<br />

Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center, Rpt. ASED-CR-02-86,<br />

1986.<br />

18. F. R. Goldschmied, "Integrated Hull Design,<br />

Boundary-Layer Control and Propulsion of Submerged<br />

Bodies: Wind-Tunnel Verification", AIAA Paper 82-<br />

1204, AIAA/SAE/ASME Joint Propulsion Conference,<br />

June 1982<br />

19.<br />

F. R. Goldschmied, "Jet Propulsion of Subsonic<br />

Bodies with Jet Total-Read Equal to Free-<br />

Stream's", AIAA Paper 83-1790, AIAA Applied<br />

Aerodynamics Conference, July 1983.<br />

20. E. J. Howe and B. J. Neumann, n A Experimental<br />

~<br />

Evaluation of a Low Propulsive Power, Discrete<br />

Suction Concept Applied to an Axisymmetric<br />

Vehicle", David W. Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center TM<br />

16-82/02, 1982.<br />

21. F. R. Goldschmied, 'Wind-Tunnel Demonstration of<br />

an Optimized LTA System with 65% Power Reduction<br />

and Neutral Static Stability", AIM Paper 83.1981,<br />

LTA Systems Conference, July 1983.<br />

22. F. R. Goldschmied, "On the Aerodynamic<br />

optimization of Mini-RPV and Small GA Aircraft",<br />

AIAA Paper 84-2163, Applied Aerodynamics<br />

Conference, August 1984.

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