3D Reconstruction of the Human Rib Cage from 2D Projection ... - ZIB

List of Figures
1.1 Subtraction images to detect interval changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Assessing 3D pose differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 The general idea of the reconstruction scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1 Components of the rib cage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Standard posterior-anterior and lateral X-ray images . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 The cortical bone layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.4 Spot the difference – toy example for a subtraction image . . . . . . 10
2.5 Impact of differences in the patient’s 3D pose to 2D image registration 11
2.6 Temporal subtraction CAD system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.1 Image acquisition geometry for stereo-radiographs, Delorme et al. . . 14
3.2 Reconstruction of the rib midlines, Benameur et al. . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3 3D template fitting according to Koehler et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4 Shape reconstruction of the pelvis according to Lamecker et al. . . . 17
3.5 3D to 3D correspondence building according to Zhang et al. . . . . . 21
3.6 Point correspondences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.1 Scheme of the SSM-based reconstruction process . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4.2 Camera model for perspective projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.3 Projection of an SSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.1 Statistical shape model of the ribs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
5.2 Symmetric distance measure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.3 Silhouette normals to avoid contour mismatches . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
5.4 Initialization using the lung fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.5 Initialization using a subset of the rib cage model . . . . . . . . . . . 41
6.1 Plot of individual pose parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
6.2 Plot of the objective function based on an area overlap . . . . . . . . 45
6.3 Plot of the area-extended distance da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6.4 Sampling for the distance measure DA with de and labeled ribs . . . 46
6.5 Distance measures and possible mis-adaptations . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
6.6 Virtual image acquisition setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
6.7 Segmentation of the lung fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
6.8 Shape Reconstruction from one PA-image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
6.9 Results of combined pose and shape reconstructions with labeled ribs 55
6.10 Results of combined pose and shape reconstructions with unlabeled ribs 55
6.11 X-ray image of the phantom and manual segmentation of the ribs . . 56
6.12 CT-data of the thorax phantom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
6.13 Exemplary pose reconstruction results of two phantom images . . . . 58
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