Chapter 5 - Publications, US Army Corps of Engineers

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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (7) For a pure run-of-river project, the rated head is usually defined by the maximum plant discharge (hydraulic capacity). For example, a flow-duration curve would be examined, and one or more discharges would be selected for detailed study. For each alternative, the net streamflow available for power generation would be determined, and this would define the hydraulic capacity for that plant size. The net head available at the streamflow upon which the hydraulic capacity is based would be the rated head. The design head for this type of project would typically be based on the midpoint of the head range where the plant is generating power, and this would usually be higher than the rated head (see Figure 5-19). (8) For projects with seasonal storage, it is usually desirable to obtain rated output over a range of heads. Hence, the rated head would typically be lower than the design head (the average head). For preliminary studies, a rated head equal to or slightly below (95 percent of) the estimated average head can usually be assumed. For more advanced studies, the rated head should be defined more specifi- 1 2 3 45 6 DISCHARGE-1OOO CFS Figure 5-7. Capacity vs. discharge for run-of-river project for alternative plant sizes 5-16
EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 tally. For a storage project, the design head could be estimated from the initial period-of-record sequential routings, as described in paragraph (2), above. The head range in which it is desired to obtain rated head could be defined by examining the routing in the light of power marketing considerations. For example, in systems where dependable capacity is important, it would be desirable to obtain rated capacity throughout the normal range of drawdown during the peak demand ❑onths. With this information, the hydraulic machinery specialist would select a turbine design that most closely meets these requirements, thereby defining the rated head. Head-duration curves are very helpful in selecting the rated head. (9) Run-of-river projects with pondage would generally be treated similarly to storage projects, in that a turbine design would be selected which permits operation at a good efficiency level most of the time while permitting the delivery of rated output over the head range where the project operates most of the time. At some projects, the ratio of drawdown to maximum head is such that rated head can be delivered through the entire operating range (as in Figure 5-5). Hourly operation studies are often required to properly define the operating head range, and this would include the head range where the plant is expected to operate most of the time, as well as the extremes (see paragraph (3) and section 6-9). (10) Hydraulic capacity was mentioned as a key parameter in rating run-of-river projects, and it is important in rating projects with load-following capability as well. For multiple-unit plants, the units would normally be rated at the condition where all of the units in the plant are assumed to be operating at full gate discharge (i.e., with the plant operating at hydraulic capacity). The rated discharge of individual units would be the desired plant hydraulic capacity divided by the number of units. The rated head would be based on the tailwater conditions corresponding to the total plantvs hydraulic capacity, and not the tailwater elevation corresponding to a single unit operating at full gate discharge. Further information on selection of hydraulic capacity (plant size) for peaking projects can be found in Section 6-6d. (11) Rated head is the minimum head at which the turbine manufacturer must guarantee rated output. However, turbines are sometimes able to deliver rated capacity at heads below rated head, because the manufacturers typically build some cushion into their designs to insure that they meet specifications. The minimum head at which a specific turbine can actually deliver rated capacity is called the critical head. Although the term critical head is sometimes used synonymously with rated head, to be precise, a projectts critical head cannot be identified until the turbines have been purchased and 5-17
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) The
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 periods.
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5-1o. bDDWiOnOf SSR to PrO.iects wi
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 b. Bata
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 portion
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 make a p
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TABLE 5-5 Factors for Converting Di
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Routing Worksheet EM 1110-2-1701 31
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Explanation of Data in Table 5-6 EM
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 In the s
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Equation 5-16 would be revised to t
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 follow a
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 the rese
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 July 1985 power (
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 July 1985 except:
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 heavily
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 energy.
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1st reservoir storage above EM 1110
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (4) Figu
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 maintain
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) Tabl
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) In s
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 The back
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Maximize Maximize firm energy 74,00
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (2) The
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MAXIMUM POWER POOL POWER GUIDE CURV
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 . to exa
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) If t
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 (3) ~ It
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 QHet (18
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 Figure 5
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 assured
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 ● a hi
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i. Coordination with Other Entities
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 TABLE 5-
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40, 35 .00 .00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15
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Chapter 5 - Publications, US Army Corps of Engineers

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