Chapter 5 - Publications, US Army Corps of Engineers

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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 SECONDARYfl ENERGY 1 r GENERATIONIN AVERAGE YEAR { 1--1 LFIRMENERGYOUTPUT / J F MAMJ J A SON D MONTH Figure 5-1. Monthly energy output of a typical hydro project hp=— QHet 8.815 where: hp = the theoretical horsepower available Q= the discharge in cubic feet per second H= the net available head in feet = the turbine efficiency ‘t (Eq. 5-1) (2) ~ Equation 5-1 can also be expressed in terms of kilowatts of electrical output: QHe kW=— (Eq. 5-2) 11.81 5-4
EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 In this equation, the turbine efficiency (et) has been replaced by the overall efficiency (e) which is the product of the generator efficiency (e ), and the turbine efficiency (et). For preliminary studies, a tuFbine and generator efficiency of 80 to 85 percent is sometimes used (see Section 5-5e). Equation 5-2 can be simplified by incorporating an 85 percent overall efficiency as follows: (3) ~ to energy, Equation 5-2 kW = 0.072 QH (Eq. 5-3) In order to convert a projectts Wwer output must be integrated over time. 1 t=n kWh = — QtHtedt 11.81 ~=o \ (Eq. 5-4) The integration process is accomplished using either the sequential streamflow routing procedure or by flow-duration curve analysis. Following is a brief description of the sources of the parameters that make up the water power equation. b. M The values used for discharge in the water power equation would be the flows that are available for pwer generation. Where the sequential streamflow routing method is used to compute energy, discrete flows must be used for each time increment in the period being studied. In a non-sequential analysis, the series of expected flows are represented by a flow-duration curve. In either case, the streamflow used must represent the usable flow available for power generation. This usable flow must reflect at-site or upstream storage regulation; leakage and other losses; non-~wer water usage for fish passage, lockage, etc; and limitations imposed by turbine characteristics (minimum and maximum discharges and minimum and maximum allowable heads). The basic sources of flow data are described in Chapter 4. C* u (1) Gross or static head is determined by subtracting the water surface elevation at the tailwater of the powerhouse from the water surface elevation of the forebay (Figure 5-2). At most hydropower projects, the forebay and tailwater elevations do not remain constant, so the head will vary with project operation. For run-of-river projects, the forebay elevation may be essentially constant, but at storage projects the elevation may vary as the reservoir is regulated to meet hydropower and other discharge requirements. discharge, the Tailwater elevation is a function of the total project outlet channel geometry, and backwater effects and is 5-5
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1. (1) releases Compute Dependable
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1300 , I 1200 i I I 1100 1000 300 2
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 Figure 5
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kW=—= QHe (400 - 20 cfs)(31 feet)
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 (5) Ente
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (1) Sequ
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) The
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 periods.
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5-1o. bDDWiOnOf SSR to PrO.iects wi
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 b. Bata
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 portion
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 make a p
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TABLE 5-5 Factors for Converting Di
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Routing Worksheet EM 1110-2-1701 31
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Explanation of Data in Table 5-6 EM
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 In the s
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Equation 5-16 would be revised to t
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 follow a
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 the rese
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 July 1985 power (
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 July 1985 except:
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 heavily
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 energy.
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1st reservoir storage above EM 1110
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (4) Figu
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 maintain
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) Tabl
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) In s
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 The back
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Maximize Maximize firm energy 74,00
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (2) The
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MAXIMUM POWER POOL POWER GUIDE CURV
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 . to exa
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 (3) If t
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EM 111O-2-17O1 31 Dec 1985 (3) ~ It
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 QHet (18
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 Figure 5
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 assured
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 ● a hi
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i. Coordination with Other Entities
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EM 1110-2-1701 31 Dec 1985 TABLE 5-
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40, 35 .00 .00 30.00 25.00 20.00 15
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Chapter 5 - Publications, US Army Corps of Engineers

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