Chapter 9 - University of Dayton Academic Webserver

296
Chapter 9: Molecular Structures
..
. Cl .
. Cl . . .
. .
. . .
H C Cl
C
H Cl
To make four equal bonds with an electron-pair geometry of tetrahedral, the C atom must be sp 3 hybridized,
according to Table 9.2. The H atom and Cl atoms are not hybridized.
30. Write a Lewis structure for HOCH 2CH 2OH and use VSEPR to determine the geometry of the inner atoms –
namely, each of the O atoms and C atoms as described in the answer to Question 14. Use Table 9.2 to
determine the hybridization of each inner atom using the electron-pair geometry.
The O atoms are AX 2E 2 type, so the H–O–C angles will be approximately the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.
The C atoms are AX 4E 0 type, so the O–C–C, O–C–H, H–C–C and H–C–H angles will also be approximately
the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°.
. .
H O
H
C
H
H
C
H
. .
O.
. H
The O atoms must be sp 3 hybridized, according to Table 9.2, to make two bonds and two lone pairs with an
electron-pair geometry of tetrahedral. The C atoms must be sp 3 hybridized, according to Table 9.2, to make
four bonds with an electron-pair geometry of tetrahedral.
31. Follow the procedure described in the answer to Question 29, except use Table 9.3. SF 4 structure and
geometry is provided in the answer to Questions 19(b) and 92. The S atom must be sp 3 d hybridized,
according to Table 9.3. SF 6 structure and geometry is provided in the answer to Questions 24 and 92. The S
atom must be sp 3 d 2 hybridized, according to Table 9.3.
32. Draw the Lewis structure and use VSEPR to determine the geometry of the central atom as described in the
answer to Question 16. Use Table 9.2 or Table 9.3 to determine the hybridization of the central atom using
the electron-pair geometry.
(a) GeF 4 (32 e – ) The type is AX 4E 0, so both the electron-pair geometry and the molecular
..
. ..
..
. .
F
. . .
. F
. . .
. .
F Ge F
Cl
H
Cl
geometry are tetrahedral. The Ge atom must be sp 3 hybridized, according to
Table 9.2, to make these four bonds.
F
F
Ge
F F
O
H
C
H
H
C
H
O
H