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criticisms of the einstein field equation - Alpha Institute for Advanced ...

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2.7. EFFECTS OF GRAVITATION ON OPTICS AND SPECTROSCOPY<br />

model law <strong>of</strong> induction <strong>of</strong> Faraday is:<br />

∇ × E + ∂B<br />

= 0 (2.169)<br />

∂t<br />

and spinning <strong>the</strong> magnetic <strong>field</strong> about its own axis does not produce a nonzero<br />

curl <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> electric <strong>field</strong> as required. Clearly, a static magnetic <strong>field</strong> will<br />

not cause induction from Eq. (2.169). So this is a weak point <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> standard<br />

model, in which induction is caused in <strong>the</strong> classical textbook description by<br />

moving a bar magnet inside a coil, causing a current to appear. In ECE it has<br />

been shown [1,12] that <strong>the</strong> explanation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Faraday disk generator is simply:<br />

F = F e/m + F mech<br />

which in vector notation (section 2.5) produces <strong>the</strong> law <strong>of</strong> induction:<br />

∇ × Emech + ∂Bmech<br />

∂t<br />

(2.170)<br />

= 0. (2.171)<br />

Spinning <strong>the</strong> disk has <strong>the</strong> following effect in ECE <strong>the</strong>ory.<br />

In <strong>the</strong> complex circular basis [1,12] <strong>the</strong> magnetic flux density in ECE <strong>the</strong>ory<br />

is defined by:<br />

B (1)∗ = ∇ × A (1)∗ − i κ<br />

A (0) A(2) × A (3)<br />

(2.172)<br />

B (2)∗ = ∇ × A (2)∗ − i κ<br />

A (0) A(3) × A (1)<br />

(2.173)<br />

B (3)∗ = ∇ × A (3)∗ − i κ<br />

A (0) A(1) × A (2)<br />

(2.174)<br />

where<br />

κ = Ω<br />

(2.175)<br />

c<br />

is a wave-number and Ω is an angular frequency in radians per second. When <strong>the</strong><br />

disk is stationary <strong>the</strong> ECE vector potential is [1,12] proportional by fundamental<br />

hypo<strong>the</strong>sis to <strong>the</strong> tetrad:<br />

A (1) = A (0) q (1)<br />

A (2) = A (0) q (2)<br />

(2.176)<br />

(2.177)<br />

A (3) = A (0) q (3) . (2.178)<br />

In <strong>the</strong> complex circular basis <strong>the</strong> tetrads are:<br />

q (1) = 1<br />

√ 2 (i − ij), (2.179)<br />

q (2) = 1<br />

√ 2 (i + ij), (2.180)<br />

q (3) = k, (2.181)<br />

42

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