Introduction - American Jewish Archives

A Demographic Profile 23 9
crease, being 40 percent greater at the end of that period than at the be-
ginning. In 1963, there were three and a half times more burials than
marriages within the Ashkenazic community of Buenos Aires. This
partially reflects increasing resort to marriage by civil contract. Never-
theless, a decline in the number of persons who identify as Jewish is
undeniable.
The major cause of the rising death rate is the aging of the popula-
tion. In 1963, the single year for which records are available for all
Jews in Buenos Aires, 2,43 8 Jewish deaths were recorded. Subtracting
3 5 stillbirths, Schmelz and Della Pergola compute a rate of 10 deaths
per 1,000 Jews of Greater Buenos Aires. The death rate for the general
population of the city that year was lower, standing at 8 per 1,000.
The composition of the two mortality rates was different. Infant
mortality (death in the first year of life) was 9.3 per 1,000 among Jews,
compared with 40 per 1,000 among the general population of Greater
Buenos Aires in I 9 61 and 5 7 per I ,000 among the general population
of Argentina in 1967." The Jewish death rate continues low until age
sixty, when mortality starts running higher than among the general
population. Compounding the trend, the death rate among Jews was
rising at a time when the Argentine death rate was declining.
By the 1960's, the Jewish mortality rate surpassed that of the gener-
al population, due to aging. It also surpassed the Jewish birth rate.
There is now a negative balance of deaths over births within the Jewish
community, with an estimated I 5 deaths to I I births per 1,000 popu-
lation per year.
The mortality rate among Siio Paulo Jews is 1.6 percent per year; the
rate among the Brazilian population as a whole is I. I percent per year.
The national figure includes a high rate of infant mortality. In fact, the
hazards of infancy in Brazil are so great that expectation of life at birth
was calculated at forty-three years in 1950.'~ The rate of infant mortal-
ity among Brazilian Jews is almost nil, and the majority of deaths oc-
cur after age sixty.
Meisel found the Mexican Jewish mortality rate to be 9 per 1,000 as
compared to I 5 .S per 1,000 among the general population. Both
groups were growing in I 9 50; Jews at the rate of I .4 percent per year,
the majority population at 2.9 percent per year." Over the next fifteen
years, Mexican mortality dropped sharply as measures of public hy-
giene took hold. Mortality dropped by a third while the birth rate de-