ZigBee Wireless Soil Moisture Sensor Design for Vineyard ...

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Figure 26: A mesh network topology applied in a vineyard monitoring application [17] The data transfer between the coordinator node and the computer is performed through the USB port. The coordinator receives data from the router nodes with a node ID followed by sensor ID with sensor data. The end of each string is marked with “#” (refer to Figure 27). Figure 27: Router Node Data Format 47
5.2 Hardware Design The hardware implementation of the router and coordinator node can be separated into two separate designs. The main common component for both designs is the wireless microcontroller module. This module is a standalone module which can be plugged into either router or coordinator nodes. It has a micro strip line PCB antenna and its own regulator module to create correct voltages for the wireless microcontroller CC2430. A USB dongle is used to transfer the data from the coordinator module to the computer. 5.2.1 PCB Antenna The antenna is a key component for communicating over the maximum distance in a wireless sensor network system. The sole purpose of the antenna is to provide transmission of data electromagnetically in free space. Antennas are divide into single ended and differential antennas. Single ended antennas are commonly called unbalanced, while differential ones are called balanced. In a single ended antenna, the signal is fed at one point which is referenced to ground and the characteristic impedance for these antennas usually 50 Ω. Most RF controllers have differential ports, so a balun is required to transform the balanced signal into an unbalanced signal (refer to Figure 28). Figure 28: Single Ended and Differential Antenna [38] 48
Page 1 and 2: ZigBee Wireless Soil Moisture Senso
Page 3 and 4: Statement of Originality ‘I hereb
Page 5 and 6: Abstract The soil moisture level is
Page 7 and 8: 6.4.2 PCB Design Version Two ......
Page 9 and 10: Figure 46: Low Pass Filter and Comp
Page 11 and 12: 1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Netw
Page 13 and 14: 2 Literature Review 2.1 Wireless Se
Page 15 and 16: IEEE 802.15.4 networks can be separ
Page 17 and 18: The cluster tree topology is a spec
Page 19 and 20: Figure 6: Standard Technology Map [
Page 21 and 22: 2.2 Currently Available ZigBee Devi
Page 23 and 24: the supplied ZigBee stack is that m
Page 25 and 26: determine the soil moisture content
Page 27 and 28: 2.3.4 Tensionmeter A tensiometer is
Page 29 and 30: 3 Vineyard Monitoring and Managemen
Page 31 and 32: Web Server Database Server Server L
Page 33 and 34: EW . e . T T For the temper
Page 35 and 36: Heaters: This is the only method, w
Page 37 and 38: Sprinklers: Relatively warm water g
Page 39 and 40: Figure 23: Bud-break Out to Bloom S
Page 41 and 42: 4 Objective and Methodology The mai
Page 43 and 44: and heat pulse readings for calibra
Page 45 and 46: etter stability with respect to sup
Page 47: 5 Wireless Sensor Network (ZigBee M
Page 51 and 52: simple differential interface to th
Page 53 and 54: Figure 31: CC2430 Microcontroller M
Page 55 and 56: sensor readings are obtained via th
Page 57 and 58: 5.2.4 USB Coordinator Dongle Module
Page 59 and 60: functionality. This process allows
Page 61 and 62: 5.4 WSN Embedded Software Figure 38
Page 63 and 64: config.idleTimeout = 50; config.rx.
Page 65 and 66: frequency caused by introducing wat
Page 67 and 68: 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 B E C Figure 42: Cl
Page 69 and 70: oscillation characteristic. Tempera
Page 71 and 72: The input signals are sinusoidal wa
Page 73 and 74: +5V GND C19 0.1uF U6 8 Vcc Out 1 EN
Page 75 and 76: comparator reference clock circuit,
Page 77 and 78: 6.5 Enclosure Design and Fabricatio
Page 79 and 80: Figure 53: Sensor Initial Calibrati
Page 81 and 82: Total Volume = 432 mL is constant.
Page 83 and 84: Once data was collected, a third co
Page 85 and 86: The main reason for the capacitance
Page 87 and 88: As the capacitance increases, the l
Page 89 and 90: Capacitance (pF) The moisture value
Page 91 and 92: In the final software calibration,
Page 93 and 94: 8.2 Hardware and Software Improveme
Page 95 and 96: 8.3 Second Generation Soil Moisture
Page 97 and 98: than over the whole vineyard. The s
Page 99 and 100:
13. Henebry, G.M. and A.K. Knapp. S
Page 101 and 102:
38. Wallace R., Antenna Selection G
Page 103 and 104:
6V C18 1uF 1 3 1 5 0 0 2 1 2 1 3 1
Page 105 and 106:
104 Sensor module schematics Vs 3 -
Page 107 and 108:
106 Coordinator module schematics G
Page 109 and 110:
108 Appendix B - Soil Moisture Sens
Page 111 and 112:
Soil Moisture senor top/bottom laye
Page 113:
Software Directory Soil Moisture Se
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