Deinotherium thraceiensis sp. nov. from the Miocene near Ezerovo ...

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crest. The wing significantly narrows posteriorly. Dorso-lateral surface smooth and slightly concave, medial almost flat. In the region of facies articularis the surface is rough. Acetabulum well shaped. Foramen obturatorium oval. Femur (Pl. XXI, Fig. 1 and 1a). We found only the right thighbone. Left was restored after it. The bone is long and solid. Caput femuri large, almost parallel to the bone’s axis. A small neck separates it from trochanter major, which is laterally situated. Fossa trochanterica strongly pronounced. Shaft flat, slightly curved medially and laterally. Two condyles in the distal part of the bone. Condylus medialis larger and some higher than condylus lateralis. Fossa intercondylaris which separates them is wide and deep. Fossa muscularis cranialis and F. m. caudalis deep and parallel to the condyles. Longitudinal crests surrounding trochlea patellaris high and rounded in their uppermost part. Patella (Pl. XVIII, Fig. 4). Pear shaped. Concave anteriorly. In the middle it is convex like a hemisphere surrounded by a deep and wide ring. Flat- Table 19 Femur 36 № Dimensions, mm D. thraceiensis sp.n. Ezerovo, Bulgaria sin dext D. gigantissimum St. Manzati, Romania – Stefanescu D. giganteum Kaup München – Stromer, 1938 D. giganteum Kaup München – Stromer, 1938 1. Total length 1650.0 1650.0 1440.0 188.0 1060.0 2. Diameter of caput femuri 195.0 195.0 - 210.0 140.0 3. Height of caput femuri from [???] 160.0 160.0 - 4. Width at proximal end 375.0 375.0 350.0 400.0 295.0 5. Width in diaphysis 225.0 225.0 - 6. Width at distal end 330.0 340.0 440.0 315.0 175.0 7. Thickness at proximal end 150.0 150.0 Table 20 Tibia № Dimensions, mm D. thraceiensis sp.n. Ezerovo, Bulgaria sin dext D. gigantissimum St. Manzati, Romania – Stefanescu D. giganteum Kaup Pikermi – Gaudry, 1862 1. Total length 1200.0 1250.0 920.0 950.0 2. Width at proximal end 370.0 365.0 330.0 310.0 3. Thickness at proximal end 320.0 320.0 – – 4. Width in diaphysis 160.0 165.0 260.0 140.0 5. Width at distal end 300.0 330.0 260.0 340.0 Table 21 Fibula № Dimensions, mm D. thraceiensis sp.n. Ezerovo, Bulgaria sin dext tened posteriorly. The larger part of the bone was covered by a cartilage with the shape of the thighbone’s surface it articulated with. From the lower hindlimbs, only distal part of the left tibia and fragments of the proximal parts of the two fibulae were found. Tibia (Pl. XXII, Fig. 2 and 2a). Although the bone was restored to its full size, we’ll discuss only its distal part which is original. Down of the diaphysis the bone becomes triangular. It gradually widens, forming at the distal end the cochlea tibiae. Maleolus medialis strongly developed, incisura fibularis deep and wide. Fibula. The original fragments used for the restoration are from the proximal part. This is a long and narrow bone. Almost flat in its proximal part. Thick at the beginning, articular surfaces unclear. Comparison. There are no differences of taxonomical value in the hipbones and the bones of the lower leg. D. gigantissimum St. Manzati, Romania – Stefanescu D. giganteum Kaup Pikermi – Gaudry, 1862 1. Total length 1125.0 565.0 830.0 870.0 2. Width at proximal end 90.0 72.0 70.0 70.0 3. Width in diaphysis 126.0 103.0 - 100.0 4. Width at distal end 275.0 250.0 170.0 140.0 5. Length of the articular surface for os calcaneus 80.0 72.0 - 70.0 6. Length of the small facet 76.0 60.0 - 55.0
Table 22 Tarsals – tarsus sin et dext Deinotherium traceiensis sp.n. № Dimensions, mm Astragalus Calcaneus Naviculare Cuneiforme mediale Cuneiforme intermedium Cuneiforme laterale sin dext sin dext sin dext sin dext sin dext sin dext 1. Diameter of the corpus 313.0 310.0 2. Proximal height 90.0 90.0 3. Average thickness of the corpus 130.0 130.0 190.0 200.0 4. Proximal width 150.0 150.0 5. Total width 245.0 250.0 6. Anterior length of the bone 170.0 170.0 222.0 220.0 114.0 113.0 118.0 117.0 7. Posterior length of the bone 180.0 180.0 8. Total length of the bone 350.0 350.0 9. Diameter of the bone 335.0 337.0 10. Thickness of the bone 78.0 80.0 11. Height of the bone 81.0 80.0 79.0 78.0 82.0 80.0 Tarsus (Pl. XXIII, Fig. 1 and 1a; Fig. 11 A and B) Consists of seven bones. Two in the proximal row: calcaneus and astragalus; five in the distal: cuboid, three cuneiforms and, between them, navicular. Only the calcaneus was found. The rest were restored after D. gigantissimum Stefanescu. The toes were restored, too. Comparison. There are no differences in the structure of the tarsals in the various deinothere species. There are such however in their digits. In D. thraceiensis sp. n. the size of the first and second phalanxes gradually decreases. In D. gigantissimum Stefanescu all digits have large first phalanxes, the second are much smaller and the third – even more. There is a big difference in their size. D. bavaricum H. v. Meyer and D. giganteum demonstrate a much more gradual transition from the first to the last pha- Fig. 11. Pes of Deinotherium thraciensis sp. n. A – left pes; B – right pes lanx. In D. thraceiensis sp. n. the last phalanx - the hoof – in the hindlimbs is large, as with the forelimbs. In the compared species they are much smaller. They are anteriorly situated like nails and touch the ground only with the anterior surface, or with a small part of the lower surface. It can be seen from the description that D. thraceiensis sp. n. has numerous characters distinguishing it from all the other species. Here are some of them: 1. Skull – short, high and, compared to the size of the body – very small. 2. External nares large and deep, with a peculiar shape. 3. Nasal bones short, narrow and high, frontally fused. 4. Forehead high and wide. 5. Occipital bones high and wide, at an angle of 80° to the forehead. 37
Page 1 and 2: GEOLOGICA BALCANICA, 35. 3—4. Sof
Page 3 and 4: Fig. 1. Distribution of genus Deino
Page 5 and 6: PLATE I PLATE II PLATE III PLATE IV
Page 7 and 8: PLATE VII PLATE VIII PLATE IX
Page 9 and 10: PLATE XIV PLATE XV PLATE XVI PLATE
Page 11 and 12: PLATE XXIII PLATE XXIV
Page 13 and 14: 10 Fig. 3. Position of the locality
Page 15 and 16: 12 Fig. 5. Deinotherium thraceiensi
Page 17 and 18: Ear area. (Fig. 5 A, C or. r and Pl
Page 19 and 20: Fig. 6. Deinotherium levius Jourdan
Page 21 and 22: 16 Table 2 A Upper cheek-teeth D. g
Page 23 and 24: Fig. 6. Deinotherium levius Jourdan
Page 25 and 26: 20 Table 3 Mandibles - mandibulae D
Page 27 and 28: 22 Table 4 A Lower cheek teeth D. g
Page 29 and 30: PLATE VII Deinotherium thraceiensis
Page 31 and 32: PLATE X PLATE XI PLATE XII PLATE XI
Page 33 and 34: PLATE XVIII PLATE XXI PLATE XX PLAT
Page 35 and 36: PLATE XVI Deinotherium thraceiensis
Page 37 and 38: Fig. 9. Comparison of deinothere ma
Page 39 and 40: it probably has its functional mean
Page 41 and 42: also with a short and narrow neck a
Page 43 and 44: Table 15 Carpals - carpus sin et de
Page 45: Table 17 Bones of the digits - fore
Page 49 and 50: 6. Eye socket differentiated and la

Deinotherium thraceiensis sp. nov. from the Miocene near Ezerovo ...

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