Physiological Data Reference Values for Tapir Species

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Reference ranges for sex and age groups: A large number of factors, beyond simply the health status of the animal, can influence test results obtained from an animal. In recognition of that fact, ISIS has begun to calculate for some species, reference values from various subsets of the available information. At the recommendation of the Information Resources Committee of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, the first subdivisions of the information have been along the lines of sex and age. Raymund F. Wack, DVM, who chaired that committee at the time, was instrumental in establishing many of the species age grouping used in this publication and we greatly appreciate his efforts. When a species has at least 100 records in the ISIS database, in addition to the overall reference values calculated from all the sample results, separate pages of reference pages are calculated for various sex and age groups. The age divisions vary for different species, and are selected with the intention of dividing the samples into the broad age groups of neonatal, infant/juvenile, adult and aged animals. When dividing samples by sex, only samples obtained from known males or known females are included in the calculations. Separate pages are produced for each combination of age and sex divisions, a process that can produce as many as 15 pages of reference values for a single species. Clearly, a species must have a large number of samples in the database to produce a subset reference page with a significant number of samples. Currently, any subset reference page with results is included in this publication but the value of pages calculated from a small set of sample results will need to be judged by the person using this reference. It is hoped that future editions will be able to provide reference values for other subsets of the available information, such as for samples collected with chemical restraint versus manual restraint, or animal fasting time and animal activity prior to sample collection. International Species Information System Eagan, MN 55121 U.S.A. http://www.isis.org/ viii
International Species Information System Physiological Data Reference Values - 2002 edited by J. Andrew Teare, DVM Table of Conversion Factors Test U.S.A. Units x Factor = International Units WHITE BLOOD CELL COUNT *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L RED BLOOD CELL COUNT *10^6/µl x 1 = *10^12/L HEMOGLOBIN g/dl x 10 = g/L HEMATOCRIT % x .01 = L/L MCV fL x 1.0 = fL MCH pg/cell x 1.0 = pg/cell MCHC g/dl x 10 = g/L PLATELET COUNT *10^3/µl x 0.001 = *10^12/L NUCLEATED RED BLOOD CELLS /100 WBC x 1 = /100 WBC RETICULOCYTES % x 1 = % SEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L HETEROPHILS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L LYMPHOCYTES *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L MONOCYTES *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L EOSINOPHILS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L BASOPHILS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L AZUROPHILS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L NEUTROPHILIC BANDS *10^3/µl x 1 = *10^9/L CALCIUM mg/dl x 0.25 = mMol/L PHOSPHORUS mg/dl x 0.323 = mMol/L SODIUM mEq/L x 1 = mMol/L POTASSIUM mEq/L x 1 = mMol/L CHLORIDE mEq/L x 1 = mMol/L BICARBONATE mEq/L x 1 = mMol/L CARBON DIOXIDE mEq/L x 1 = mMol/L OSMOLARITY mOsmol/L x .001 = Osmol/L IRON µg/dl x 0.179 = µMol/L MAGNESIUM mg/dl x .4114 = mMol/L BLOOD UREA NITROGEN mg/dl x 0.357 = mMol/L CREATININE mg/dl x 88.4 = µMol/L URIC ACID mg/dl x .0595 = mMol/L TOTAL BILIRUBIN mg/dl x 17.1 = µMol/L DIRECT BILIRUBIN mg/dl x 17.1 = µMol/L INDIRECT BILIRUBIN mg/dl x 17.1 = µMol/L GLUCOSE mg/dl x .0555 = mMol/L CHOLESTEROL mg/dl x .0259 = mMol/L TRIGLYCERIDE mg/dl x .0113 = mMol/L LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL mg/dl x .0259 = mMol/L HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL mg/dl x .0259 = mMol/L CREATINE PHOSPHOKINASE IU/L x 1 = U/L LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IU/L x 1 = U/L ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IU/L x 1 = U/L ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE IU/L x 1 = U/L ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE IU/L x 1 = U/L GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE IU/L x 1 = U/L AMYLASE U/L x .185 = U/L LIPASE U/L x .278 = U/L TOTAL PROTEIN (COLORIMETRY) g/dl x 10 = g/L GLOBULIN (COLORIMETRY) g/dl x 10 = g/L ALBUMIN (COLORIMETRY) g/dl x 10 = g/L FIBRINOGEN mg/dl x .01 = g/L GAMMA GLOBULIN (ELECTROPHORESIS) g/dl x 10 = g/L ALBUMIN (ELECTROPHORESIS) g/dl x 10 = g/L ALPHA GLOBULIN (ELECTROPHORESIS) mg/dl x 0.01 = g/L ALPHA-1 GLOBULIN (ELECTROPHORESIS) mg/dl x 0.01 = g/L ix
Page 1 and 2: Physiological Data Reference Values
Page 3 and 4: Zoos holding Tapir as of July 2006
Page 5 and 6: Baird’s tapir -Tapirus bairdii Ra
Page 7: Disclaimer: International Species I
Page 11 and 12: Table of Contents Normal physiologi
Page 13 and 14: Lowland Tapir - Tapirus terrestris
Page 29 and 30: Normal Physiological Values for Bai
Page 31 and 32: Baird’s Tapir - Tapirus bairdii P
Page 45 and 46: Baird’s Tapir - Tapirus bairdii A
Page 47 and 48: Malayan Tapir - Tapirus indicus Phy
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Malayan Tapir - Tapirus indicus Phy
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Normal Physiological Values for Mou
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Physiological Data Reference Values for Tapir Species

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