SWEDISH MISSIOLOGICAL THEMES SVENSK MISSIONSTIDSKRIFT

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494 Tormod Engelsviken The missionary breakthrough in the English-speaking world The Moravian model was also practiced by the first missionaries who went out from England to India under the Baptist Missionary Society, the famous Serampore-trio, William Carey, Joshua Marshman and William Ward. BMS recommended the following: “You will find it necessary to form what you proposed, a kind of Moravian settlement; as otherwise we do not see how they can be supported.” 29 Traditionally William Carey has been presented as the founder of Protestant missions when he in 1792 published his Enquiry 30 and in 1793 left for India. But he was himself conscious of standing in a missionary tradition of pioneers from the past, and more recent research has emphasised the importance of the missionary work prior to Carey. Yet nobody can deprive Carey of being as Stephen Neil says, “a turning point; it marks the entry of the Englishspeaking world on a large scale into the missionary enterprise – and it has been the English-speaking world which has provided four fifths of the non- Roman missionaries from the days of Carey until the present time”. 31 In Enquiry Carey rejects the view that the conversion of the heathen would be the Lord’s own work in his own time and that therefore nothing could be done by humans to further this. He argues thoroughly that it actually is the duty of all Christians to engage in the proclamation of God’s kingdom whether the time for this is long or short. It is “an obligation of Christians to use means for the conversion of the heathen” as the title of the little great book indicates. His two principles that were expressed in a sermon to a group of Baptist preachers in 1792 have often been quoted as a motto for the modern missionary movement, “Attempt great things for God; expect great things from God.” 32 The Anglican “Society for the propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts” had already been founded in 1701, and had during the eighteenth century sent out more than 350 missionaries. Its main task was to take spiritual 29 Tiplady 2000:505 30 Carey 1792 31 Neill 1973:261. This proportion must be reduced somewhat in light of the tremendous growth of two-thirds world mission during the thirty years that have passed since Neill wrote those words. 32 Neill 1973:262
The Missionary Task of the Church 495 care of Anglicans, but working among non-Christians was also among its purposes. 33 In the years after Carey’s book was published and the BMS founded a great number of mission societies were founded in other churches as well, in Britain, on the continent of Europe and in North-America, among them the originally inter-denominational but later Congregational London Missionary Society (1795), the Anglican Church Missionary Society (1799), the mainly Congregational American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the Swiss Basel Mission (1815) and the German Berlin Society (1824). The nineteenth century became the century of the mission societies. 34 It would obviously be impossible in this context to enumerate the various churches and societies that were engaged in mission during this century. It must suffice to point to some major developments that are relevant to our topic: the missionaries. Again it is important to emphasise the close relationship between revival and mission. 35 We have already seen that the major mission thrust of the churches on the continent of Europe started with the Pietistic movement. Something similar applies to the mission from the British Isles and from America, “The Protestant Churches owe an immeasurable debt to the Evangelical Revival in the broad sense of the term”. 36 Revivals occurred in most denominations and in almost all the Protestant countries leading consistently to personal conversions, social consciousness and zeal for mission. There were in addition to the religious motives for mission also several economic and political factors that contributed to the tremendous growth of missionary work and the increase in the numbers of missionaries. The colonial project of the Western nations facilitated and directed the missionary efforts in many parts of the world, although research shows that it is very difficult to draw simple conclusions from a very complex material. 37 33 Neill 1973:226 34 Neill 1973:252 35 In this connection Christian unity may also be mentioned. Rouse/Neill sees revival, mission and Christian unity as a necessary series, Rouse/Neill 1967:310 36 Neill 1973:251 37 See for instance the discussion of the role of mission in relation to colonialism in Bühlmann 1978
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The Diaconia of the Cross-Cultural
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Stories of a Woman Missionary 621 N
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Missiology Today 625 of Jesus Chris
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Missiology Today 627 salvation” (
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From “Who Cares?” to “Why Car
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Gender, Race and Religion in Nordic
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SWEDISH MISSIOLOGICAL THEMES SVENSK MISSIONSTIDSKRIFT

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