Observational Evidence Favors a Static Universe - Journal of ...

unity. Note that the critical difference from BB is in the size of the radii. They
are not only much closer to the nearby galaxy radii but because they are larger
they do not require the non-linear corrections for the Kormendy relation. As
before we note that the nearby galaxies are BCG which may have a brighter
SB than the normal field galaxies. If this is true it would bias the exponent
to a larger value. If we assume that CC is correct then this data shows that
on average the BCG galaxies are −0.64 ± 0.08 mag (which is a factor of 1.8 in
luminosity) brighter than the general cluster galaxies.
4.1.3 Conclusion for surface brightness
The SL01 data for the surface brightness of elliptic galaxies is consistent with
BB but only if a large unknown effect of luminosity evolution is included. The
data do not support expansion and are in complete agreement with CC.
4.2 Angular size
Closely related to surface brightness is relationship between the observed angu-
lar size of a distant object and its actual linear transverse size. The variation
of angular size as a function of redshift is one of the tests that should clearly
distinguish between BB and CC. The major distinction is that CC like all tired-
light cosmologies does not include the (1 + z) aberration factor. Its relationship
(Eq. 12) between the observed angular size and the linear size is very close (for
small redshifts) to the Euclidean equation. Gurvits, Kellermann & Frey (1999)
provide a comprehensive history of studies for a wide range of objects that gen-
erally show a 1/z or Euclidean dependence. Most observers suggest that the
probable cause is some form of size evolution. Recently Lopez-Corredoira (2010)
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