1 June 2007 Cluj-Napoca, Romania - Lighting Engineering Center ...

International Conference ILUMINAT 2007
Turning to Night Streetscape-3 (a night streetscape of electric signboards at an intersection and
unlighted buildings), Factor-1 was named “beauty” as it is associated with the qualities of
harmoniousness, beauty, orderliness and being clear-cut and interesting.
Factor-2 remained unnamed due to its low reliability, though it is associated with splendidness,
warmness and complexity. Factor-3 was named “liveliness” as it is associated with liveliness and
brightness, despite the low Cronbach’s coefficient value (0.6 or lower).
About Night Streetscape-4 (a night streetscape of a commercial and business district), Factor-1
was named “Splendid,” based on its association with complexity, brightness, splendid, and being
clear-cut and interesting. Factor-2 was named “harmoniousness,” as it is associated with
harmoniousness, orderliness and beauty. Factor-3 remained unnamed due to its very low reliability,
though it is associated with warmness and liveliness.
As shown in the foregoing, factors associated with the images of night streetscapes were
harmoniousness and liveliness. Factor loading, which refers to the level of correlation between each
factor and variables, stood at not lower than ± 0.5 in the factor analysis related to the entire night
streetscape, showing a very high significance.
For the entire streetscapes, the KMO stood at .529 to .744 and the significance level of the value
of Bartlett's Test of sphericity at 0.000, showing the propriety of the factor analysis. The explanatory
power concerning the night streetscapes based on extracted factors stood at approx. 71% (for Night
Streetscape-1), about 61% (Night Streetscape-2), about 61% (Night Streetscape-3) and about 70%
(Night Streetscape-4), respectively.
3.4 Major Factors Affecting Images of Night Streetscapes
1) Night Streetscape-1
Correlation analysis was carried out to extract major variables affecting the images of the night
streetscapes. The analysis shows that variables, such as dark-bright and clear-cut-hazy, remain at a higher
level of correlation (r=.595) than the others, within the significance level of 0.01, followed by ugly-beautiful
and harmonious-inharmonious (r=.503). The brighter the night streetscape was, the more clear-cut the
image of subjective responses was. The better harmonized the components of a night streetscape was, the
more beautiful an impression they left. Within the significance level of 0.05, variables, such as dullinteresting
and plain-splendid shows the highest correlation (r=.402) in comparison with the other variables.
Variables, such as disarranged-arranged and cold-warm, shows a negative correlation (r= -.389), showing
that variables associated with warmness leaves an impression of slovenliness.
2) Night Streetscape-2
In major variables affecting the night streetscape of a commercial district composed of low-rise
buildings, variables, such as slovenly-orderly and inharmonious-harmonious, showed higher
correlation (r=.631) than the other variables, within the significance level of 0.01 , followed by calmlively
and dull-interesting (r=.483), indicating that the higher the image of orderliness the night
streetscape shows, the higher the impression of harmoniousness it leaves. A lively night streetscape
appears to leave an impression of “interesting.” Within the significance level of 0.05, dark-bright and
simple-complex show higher correlation (r= .400) than other variables.
3) Night Streetscape-3
Concerning Night Streetscape-3, inharmonious-harmonious and hazy-clear-cut showed the highest
correlation (r=.538), within the significance level of 0.01 , followed by dull-interesting and
inharmonious-harmonious (r=.524), indicating that the higher the image of being clear-cut the night
streetscape shows, the higher the impression of harmoniousness it leaves, and that the more
harmonious the components of the night streetscape are, the more interesting image they leave. With
the significance level of 0.05, calm-lively and plain-splendid show higher correlation (r= .394)
correlation than other variables.
4) Night Streetscape-4
Correlation analysis was carried out for extraction of major variables affecting the images of Night
Streetscape-4. Slovenly-orderly and inharmonious-harmonious indicated the highest correlation
(r= .664) within the significance level of 0.01, showing that the more orderly images of the components
of the street landscape are, the stronger the harmonious impression they leave as in Night
Streetscape-2. Dull-interesting and plain-splendid also showed high correlation (r=.524), indicating that
the stronger the splendid image of a night streetscape is, the more interesting impression it leaves.
Within the significance level of 0.05, inharmonious-harmonious and hazy-clear-cut showed the highest
correlations (r= .472) among variables. (Table-9)
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