developing a strategic decision-making process for local energy ...

important input for energy efficiency like terraced housing or low rise flats. Integrated
energy-efficient building design also needs to incorporate passive solar design (PSD).
The built form and the design of the windows, walls, roofs conservatories and atria, and
landscape opportunities are the major input for PSD. In this perspective, optimum use of
solar gain and microclimatic conditions to minimize the usage concepts are the most
urgent things. Passive solar design principles relate with building regulations (technical
and theoretical) and planning (micro-scale energy consumption in urban structure and
more conventional standards of thermal insulation) (RTPI 1996, OECD 1995).
The relationship between energy conservation and efficiency and urban design is
planned at four different urban scales; regional, sub-regional, individual settlements and
neighborhood. Environmental, climatologically and topographical data collections are
used at each scales. Especially, urban patterns form and size in regional scale;
settlements size, shape and communicative network in sub-regional scale;
Communicative network within settlement in individual settlement and land-use
relatives in neighborhood scales, relations are research in urban design concept (Owens
1995, Peker 1998).
In OECD study of Urban Energy Planning (1995), energy consumption and
urban development concepts are thought together in CHP perspective. CHP system is a
good example of more efficiency in all forms of urban development. Heat distribution
networks are important for urban development in urban scale. Having the power to
require and particular user to be connected to the heating network is important too.
Thus, built form, density and the mixed urban land-uses are main data in this context. In
an ideal world, CHP system which should be relatively dense, useful all scale, serve the
urban environment.
Energy supply and delivery systems
Urban infrastructure systems which include water and electricity systems, fuel,
heat and power systems are the other tools of urban land-use planning process. Mainly,
energy efficiency concept is an important as economical and environmental perspectives
of urban settlements. The benefits of more efficient energy use are reflected directly in
the local urban scale overall expenditures and are a direct motivation for cost effective
improvements. The most obvious focuses for local governments are those facilities and
operations that are under their direct control, and a great deal has been written by
independent researchers. These areas include: facilities, water supply, waste water
treatment and disposal, and electricity systems (Lantzberg 2005).
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