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dynamic, and shaped by a variety of socio-economic, physical, environmental and technological factors of renewable energy utilization of urban land-use planning system. In Turkish case, a lot of sustainability and renewal energy sources and technologies were issued, but only a few studies were related with planning system and land-use decision perspective. Erbaş, in 2002, in doctorate thesis, researched the relationship between energy useful and the planning of urban settlement. According to Erbaş, there are some criteria’s about relations of energy integrated urban planning. The doctorate thesis on the “Integration of Renewable Energy Technologies into Urban Planning” completed by Peker (2004) is the academic study conducted by the Department of Urban and Regional Planning in İzmir Institute of Technology (IZTECH) taking Turkey as a basis. The general information about renewable energy types, especially wind, solar and geothermal energies, and general approach of renewable energies related with urban planning are defined in this study. 2.1.2.2. Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Integrated Urban Land-use Planning The utilization of renewable energy sources is an important component of sustainable development in urban land-use. There are three major reasons for this. • Renewable energy sources have potentially low environmental impact in comparison with other sources of energy • Renewable energy sources are critical for sustainable development; their energy cannot be depleted, dissimilar fossil fuel and uranium resources. • Renewable energy sources favor power system decentralization and locally applicable solutions more or less independent of the national network, thus enhancing the flexibility of the system and the economic power supply to small isolated settlements (OECD 1995). According to Dinçer (2000), renewable energy technologies produce marketable energy by converting natural phenomena into useful energy forms. Renewable energy technologies consist of solar energy, biomass energy, hydro energy, wind energy and wave energy (impact of the Earth). Two other sources of energy which are usually included as renewable are tidal energy (gravitational forces) and geothermal energy (the heat of the earth’s core). Though geothermal energy is not regarded strictly as a 33
enewable energy source, it is often categorized as such because of the originally derived from a flow of energy. Technological development, economic feasibility, commercial viability and social and environmental acceptability are the most important factors for convenience. Wave power, hot dry rock geothermal energy, certain forms of biomass researches and development are very good examples for technological development. Economic feasibility concept, do not prevail for renewable energy because of the difficulties it creates in comparing the economics of renewable energy technologies by widespread markets. The availability of appropriate technical support for the installation and operation, and the provision of capital are the major input for commercial viability concept. Renewable energy sources have unknown environmental impact such as breaking the balance of the eco-system, but, generally, environmental effect s of renewable energies affect in local scale, like noise and visual impacts in urban land-use area (OECD 1995). There are a lot of renewable energy technologies which have potentially available, for using energy supply systems in the urban land-use area (see Table 2.3). Their use within cities and the surrounding areas is essential in terms of global sustainable development. The efficiency of renewable energy technologies in urban environments are measured by major energy demands of urban land-use areas (cooking and industrial process heating in developing countries, cooling in low-developed countries, space and water heating in high-developed countries, and transport in most cities). 2.1.2.3. Renewable Energy Technologies and Energy Integrated Urban Land-use Planning System in Sustainable Urban Energy Planning Approach According to general literatures, the relationship between renewable energy technologies and land-use plans integrations into cities base on the urban energy policies, urban energy management, urban energy planning approaches and urban sustainability and sustainable city concepts. Therefore importance of sustainable urban energy planning concept are appeared due to the relationships among these approaches and main concepts. 34
Page 1 and 2: DEVELOPING A STRATEGIC DECISION-MAK
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to tha
Page 5 and 6: ÖZET YEREL ENERJİ PLANLAMASI VE K
Page 7 and 8: 2.2.1.2. Intervening Variables ....
Page 9 and 10: APPENDIX B. QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS OF
Page 11 and 12: Figure 4. 7. The household size rat
Page 13 and 14: Figure 4. 46. The relationship betw
Page 15 and 16: Table 5. 9. The comparing the devel
Page 17 and 18: Kcal/h - Kilocalorie per Hours Kcal
Page 19 and 20: energy and planning issues such as
Page 21 and 22: planning. NGOs should play an activ
Page 23 and 24: geothermal energy, no value is assi
Page 25 and 26: egard to the ever existing relation
Page 27 and 28: maximize fidelity to the developmen
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ON
Page 31 and 32: three main titles; geothermal resou
Page 33 and 34: electricity/ heat systems. He propo
Page 35 and 36: Table 2. 1. Energy demand of differ
Page 37 and 38: Transportation management The patte
Page 39 and 40: According to Means (2004), drinking
Page 41 and 42: Alternative urban land-use and deve
Page 43 and 44: Figure 2. 5. Hypothetical urban for
Page 45 and 46: through the use of native vegetatio
Page 47 and 48: connection between renewable energy
Page 49: Furthermore, individual publication
Page 53 and 54: Yet the current un-sustainability o
Page 55 and 56: 2.1.3. Energy Integrated Urban Land
Page 57 and 58: These applications which determine
Page 59 and 60: International Laws and Regulations
Page 61 and 62: Regulations of the Philippines Esta
Page 63 and 64: facilities and greenhouse heating (
Page 65 and 66: concepts, of Turkey are played very
Page 67 and 68: First (until 1980s), laws which wer
Page 69 and 70: Table 2. 9. Geothermal resource cha
Page 71 and 72: Development and utilization of a ge
Page 73 and 74: Solutions are required which give p
Page 75 and 76: 2.2.1. The Variables about Geotherm
Page 77 and 78: participation is defined in seven l
Page 79 and 80: geothermal infrastructure system tr
Page 81 and 82: The geothermal case area and resour
Page 83 and 84: 66 Figure 2. 9. The variable diagra
Page 85 and 86: Figure 3. 1. The flowchart of the t
Page 87 and 88: population and collecting the detai
Page 89 and 90: Mixed method has three significant
Page 91 and 92: Data Collection Types Table 3. 1. T
Page 93 and 94: • Non-governmental organizations;
Page 95 and 96: • Demographic parameters; Populat
Page 97 and 98: c. sex, d. age, e. educational leve
Page 99 and 100: There are two different examination
Page 101 and 102:
General Directorate of Mineral Rese
Page 103 and 104:
CHAPTER 4 ANALYZING THE DATA OF GEO
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4.1.1.2. Geographical Location of B
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4.1.2. The Geothermal Reservoir and
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 4. 1. Geological maps of Bal
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Table 4. 2. Chronological developme
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Local District Heating and Greenhou
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of these factors according to the i
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4.1.3. Socio-Economic Background of
Page 119 and 120:
Egitim Çetin Emeç Teleferik Fevzi
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should be added to the Balçova Dev
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In developing plan decisions, incre
Page 125 and 126:
Waters” which are clarified in de
Page 127 and 128:
In terms of socio-economic effect o
Page 129 and 130:
giving study results based on the n
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40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 39,2
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social safety is related to job, wo
Page 135 and 136:
Building Ownership Situation The fa
Page 137 and 138:
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
Page 139 and 140:
energy, and what their expectations
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100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20
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Emeç neighborhoods, it was observe
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observed in the neighborhoods of Ç
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• The land-use analysis should em
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Number of Floors General informatio
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Number of Units in Buildings The an
Page 153 and 154:
Population Ratio in Buildings In ne
Page 155 and 156:
Land Value Analysis for land value
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Building Unit Value In the light of
Page 159 and 160:
Existing Building and Residence Equ
Page 161 and 162:
Land Ownership On the subject of la
Page 163 and 164:
Office and Residence Ratio (Mixed l
Page 165 and 166:
Land Block Density (User Energy Den
Page 167 and 168:
Heat load density of buildings The
Page 169 and 170:
4.4. Overview of the Data Analysis
Page 171 and 172:
utilized for building heating, the
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 5 THE MODEL APPLICATION FOR
Page 175 and 176:
Simulation is a method with which a
Page 177 and 178:
double units. In the areas dominate
Page 179 and 180:
5.3.1. The Criterion: “Parcel Siz
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Commonly in this area, a restrictio
Page 183 and 184:
Table 5. 2. The classifications and
Page 185 and 186:
According to the equation 5.5, U3s
Page 187 and 188:
and residential function ratio is e
Page 189 and 190:
172 Figure 5. 3. “Residence Equiv
Page 191 and 192:
174 Figure 5. 5. “User Energy Den
Page 193 and 194:
5.4. The Evaluation of the Results
Page 195 and 196:
Table 5. 9. The comparing the devel
Page 197 and 198:
and different infrastructure studie
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CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION The energy con
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the other goal of the thesis. The a
Page 203 and 204:
part in this energy process. Accord
Page 205 and 206:
The variable of parcel size and vac
Page 207 and 208:
REFERENCES Agyeman, Julian, Robert
Page 209 and 210:
Capello, R. and P. Nijkamp. 1999. S
Page 211 and 212:
Goumas, MG., V.A. Lygerou and L.E.
Page 213 and 214:
Keppel, Geoffrey. 1991. Design and
Page 215 and 216:
McGeough, Una, Doug Newman and Jay
Page 217 and 218:
Pira, E., M. Turbiglio and M. Maron
Page 219 and 220:
Tashakkori, Abbas and C.harles Tedd
Page 221 and 222:
Yin, Robert K. 2003. Case study res
Page 223 and 224:
• In case a boring well is necess
Page 225 and 226:
In “Investigation and planning”
Page 227 and 228:
Renewable Energy Resource” (04.20
Page 229 and 230:
APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRE FORMS OF D
Page 231 and 232:
214 Figure B-3. Questionnaire form
Page 233 and 234:
The map shows the advantageous of t
Page 235 and 236:
Figure C-4. Regional geothermal inf
Page 237 and 238:
Site type settlements in Balçova d
Page 239 and 240:
Figure C-8. The sample streets for
Page 241 and 242:
Values (ytl) 0,2 917 120 Figure C-1
Page 243 and 244:
Values (ytl) 350 300 250 200 150 10
Page 245 and 246:
APPENDIX D GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC B
Page 247 and 248:
230 Table D-1. City and village pop
Page 249 and 250:
232 1 2 3 Table D-5. Population sit
Page 251 and 252:
1 2 BALÇOVA SETTLEMENT 1997 EDUCAT
Page 253 and 254:
236 Table D-10. Population by labor
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