9 The Land Resources of North East Nigeria A/blume1 The ...

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LIST OF VOLUMES LAND RESOURCE STUDY NO. 9. THE LAND RESOURCES OF NORTH EAST NIGERIA. EDITED BY P TULEY Volume 1 The Environment (with an Introduction to Volumes 1-5) (1972) Volume 2 Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis (1970) Volume 3 The Land Systems (1972) Volume 4 Present and Potential Land Use (1972) Volume 5 Appendixes and Tables (1972) xi
HISTORY OF THE STUDY PREFACE TO VOLUMES 1 - 5 by the Editor, P. Tuley This study is published with the authority of the Nigerian Federal and North-Eastern State Governments. The data collected and collated, and the recommendations evolved during the course of the investigations associated with this study, formed the basis for discussion at a Land Resources Conference organised by the North-Eastern State Government in August 1969 (Land Resources Conference, Maiduguri, 1970). The final approved recommendations presented in this study are essentially those discussed and submitted to the Nigerian authorities at that meeting. Political changes in Nigeria have resulted in the creation of 12 states. The area covered by this study (Text Map 1), the boundaries of which were negotiated by the former Northern Nigeria Government and predate the present structure, falls entirely within the present North-Eastern State. The intention was to investigate an area of Nigeria north of the Benue river and east of 10° longitude. As explained in the Location Section, Volume 1, the boundary has been adjusted slightly in the light of subsequent developments. The origins of the study lie in two United Kingdom Technical Assistance Projects requested by the former Northern Nigeria Government. The first request was for an investigation commencing in 1965 by a team under the leadership of Dr P E Glover on the feasibility of eradicating tsetse from a substantial area in the northeast of Nigeria. Details of the project are given in Volume 2 and draft reports have been submitted to the Nigerian authorities (Glover and Aitchison, 1967; Lesslie, 1968). The second request was for an investigation of the land resources of the area to be carried out by the Land Resources Division. Work on this project commenced in 1966 and an interim report was subsequently submitted to the Nigerian authorities (Bawden etal., 1968). During the period of these projects the Soil Survey Section, Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, Zaria, agreed to a programme expanding its existing soil survey coverage in the area. Details of this programme are contained in the Soils Section of Volume 1. With this programme of synchronised and interrelated projects it quickly became apparent that unnecessary duplication could easily occur. In consequence, it was agreed by all concerned that the Land Resources Division should prepare and publish a consolidated study. ABSTRACT This study (Volumes 1-5) comprises the quantified reconnaissance assessment of the land resources of 176 000 km 2 (68 000 mi 2 ) in North East Nigeria. The fundamental environmental factors are described. A full volume is devoted to the problems and eradication of the tsetse fly while another classifies the area into 123 land systems with descriptions provided at the land facet level. The present land use of the area is described and recommendations are made for future land use. (An abstract of Volume 1 will be found in Volume 1, Part 1.) RESUME Cette etude (Tomes 1/5) comprend une reconnaissance quantifiee des ressources terrestres de 176 000 km 2 du nord-est du Nigeria. Les elements fondamentaux du milieu sont decrits. Un volume complet est consacre' aux problèmes et ä 1'extirpation de la mouche Tse'tse, tandis qu'un autre classe la re'gion dans 123 land systems (zones e'cologiques), avec des descriptions detaillees des unites constitutives de chaque zone ecologique. L'usage actuel de la terre dans la zone est de'crit, et des recommendations sont faites pour son usage ä 1'avenir. Un re'sume de Tome 1 se trouve dans la première Partie de ce tome-ci. xiii
Page 1 and 2: 9 The Land Resources of North East
Page 3 and 4: ' -\* •ï /Ti' -»4, W 'JL "•
Page 5 and 6: THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION The Lan
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF PLATES Frontispiece. Nomadi
Page 9: INTRODUCTION TO VOLUMES 1- 5
Page 13 and 14: United States Agency for Internatio
Page 15 and 16: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PART 1. INTRODUCTI
Page 17 and 18: GENERAL CIRCULATION CLIMATE by P Tu
Page 19 and 20: MANGA PLAINS ' OMatsena ^ *^ / 10°
Page 21 and 22: 1 015 mm (40 in) and 890 mm (35 in)
Page 23 and 24: Potential Evapotranspiration Discus
Page 26 and 27: Omm Oin l-25mm (O-l-lin) 25-50mm (l
Page 28 and 29: P 5-1 O 2- D.O.S. 3099 A Distributi
Page 31 and 32: 20 l°-22-5°C (68 l°-72-5°F) 22-
Page 33 and 34: D.O.S.(L.R.)3064M Copyright reserve
Page 35 and 36: MONTHLY ANALYSIS OF WIND DIRECTION
Page 37 and 38: Mean daily hours of bright sunshine
Page 39 and 40: mm in 300 12 -l Moist Period * Humi
Page 41 and 42: PHYSIOGRAPHY by M G Bawden The rang
Page 43 and 44: the more gentle Plateau slopes. In
Page 45 and 46: 10° ^rr: Outside project area /,/
Page 47 and 48: and the Gongola. They do not howeve
Page 49 and 50: en to DOS. 3099 F Geological Sectio
Page 51 and 52: spm,^ PLATE 1/1 Song. View from bas
Page 53 and 54: Group IV. Tertiary to Recent Volcan
Page 55 and 56: Type 17. Ancient alluvium (Chad) In
Page 57 and 58: GEOMORPHOLOGY by M G Bawden Over mo
Page 59 and 60: In some areas the Plateau is bounde
Page 61 and 62:
apart. They have an asymmetrical cr
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Pediments are formed on Basement Co
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The characteristics of the sands fo
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70 CO JS 5 o tl •o -t> co 0) * e
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TABLE 3 Mean monthly and mean annua
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10° l4 'IT- 12° ,\ Mv / MILES 0 i
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The Yedseram and the Ngadda flow no
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Groundwater occurs in these igneous
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assess the recharge potential more
Page 79 and 80:
10" NgUTl D.O.S.(L.R.)3064Y Copyrig
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Figure 7 Generalised soil pattern 0
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of clay becomes very small. In the
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Soils. Local alluvium is found thro
Page 87 and 88:
Two major groups of Ferruginous Tro
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capacity is below 30 meq. These soi
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Category (Map 3) Wd E Fn PI Fp Pc F
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degrees. In the Doksa Plain (Land S
Page 95 and 96:
Mapping Units Mapping Units Mapping
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30 meq per cent soil. Where limesto
Page 99 and 100:
Soil unit (see footnote) 1 2 3 4 Cl
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This kind of soil is dominant throu
Page 103 and 104:
Mapping Units Mapping Units EWe Map
Page 105 and 106:
The soils of the Bama and Ngelewa R
Page 107 and 108:
The clay content of the soils is ne
Page 109 and 110:
Soil patterns on sandy facies of Ch
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Most of the alluvial areas are repr
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American system and the Luvisols of
Page 115 and 116:
^Ä~--«dß Ä'i;'?£^!&JE2 ^Js-j£
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direct impedence to root growth by
Page 119 and 120:
Edaphic Factors LITHOSOLS DEEP, FRE
Page 121 and 122:
The Species List * The species list
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1 APRORMOSIA/DETARIUM WOODLAND/TREE
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4 TERMINALIA spp./COMBRETUM spp. SH
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6 ACACIA HOCKII TREE AND SHRUB SAVA
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9 ANOGEISSUS/DETARIUM SAVANNA WOODL
Page 131 and 132:
12 COMBRETUM spp. SHRUB SAVANNA Phy
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16 ANOGEISSÜS/ACACIA SEYAL SAVANNA
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SPECIES LIST Table 20 Community Num
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19 ANOGEISSUS WOODLAND/TREE SAVANNA
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22 ACACIA SENEGAL/COMBRETUM GLUTINO
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25 ADANSONIA PARKLAND Physiognomy F
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29 ZIZIPHÜS/ACACIA spp. TREE AND S
Page 145 and 146:
33 LEPTADENIA SHRUB SAVANNA Physiog
Page 147 and 148:
37 SOUTHERN ALLUVIAL COMPLEX 37a BO
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38 DEJI VALLEYS COMPLEX The plant c
Page 151 and 152:
FAUNA by P J Aitchison and P E Glov
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available. Cattle, sheep and goats
Page 155 and 156:
TABLE 27 Mammals recorded in the Sa
Page 157 and 158:
TABLE 31 Mammals recorded in the Gu
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POPULATION by P Tuley The distribut
Page 161 and 162:
COMMUNICATIONS by P Tuley The major
Page 163 and 164:
10* ETHNIC GROUPS 12* 14° TEXT MAP
Page 165 and 166:
14" 10" 10° . • * • • + •*
Page 167 and 168:
CHEVALIER M A CHRISTIAN C S and STE
Page 169 and 170:
GROVE A T 1958 The ancient erg of H
Page 171 and 172:
McKEOWN H P J MILLER R E JOHNSTON R
Page 173 and 174:
TOMLINSON P R 1965 Soils of norther
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