9 The Land Resources of North East Nigeria A/blume1 The ...

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LIST OP PLATES LIST OP TEXT MAPS LIST OP DETACHED MAPS LIST OP FIGURES LIST OP VOLUMES PREFACE BY THE EDITOR PART 1. PART 2. PART 3. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION TO VOLUMES 1-5 History of the Study Abstract Resume Method Bibliographic Studies Acknowledgements List of Contributors to Volumes 1-5 INTRODUCTION Acknowledgement s Abstract Resume List of Descriptors THE ENVIRONMENT PHYSICAL ASPECTS Location M G Bawden Climate P Tuley Physiography M G Bawden Geology M G Bawden Geomorphology M G Bawden Hydrology M G Bawden Soils Vegetation Fauna HUMAN ASPECTS History Population Communications P Tuley REFERENCES VOLUME 1 D M Carroll and K Klinkenberg P N de Leeuw and P Tuley P J Aitchison and P E Glover P Tuley P Tuley vi vi vii vii xi xiii xiii xiii xiv xiv xiv XV 3 3 3 3 5 6 43 46 60 71 85 121 156 163 164 166 175
LIST OF PLATES Frontispiece. Nomadic bulls grazing on arable stubbles 1/1. Song. View from basalt hill across farmland with Adansonia digitata and Acacia albida 54 1/2. Biu Plateau. General view northward from Tilla Lake with cones and craters in the far distance 54 1/3. The Kadi Escarpment 55 1/4. Near Pindinga. Exposure of the Pindinga Shale in river bank in predominently Gombe Sandstone 55 1/5. The road to Dikwa across the 'firki' (black cracking clay plains) 69 1/6. The Bama Ridge just west of Maiduguri 69 1/7. The Gongola Floodplain 70 1/8. The Matyoro Lakes 70 1/9. Near Gulumba. Termitaria on heavy soils in Land System Vil, the Yabiri Delta 120 1/10. Soil erosion at the western foot of the Biu Plateau resulting from intensive utilisation of Ferruginous Tropical Soils derived from rocks of the Basement Complex 1^ 1/11. Typical Anogeissus Woodland south of Damboa 127 1/12. Lannea humilis. A typical gregarious clump showing the low contorted habit 127 1/13. Acacia seyal Tree Savanna on vertic clay flat 141 1/14. Land System Vel, the Arege Plain. Cordia rothii/Acacia raddiana Tree and Shrub Savanna with thickets of Salvadora persica 141 1/15. Hyphaene Palm Bush on the Yobe Floodplain 155 1/16. Riparian Woodland on the course of the river Yedseram, north of the Bama Ridge 155 LIST OF TEXT MAPS 1. Location 7 2. Major relief units 9 3. Mean annual rainfall 11 4a, 4b. Mean monthly rainfall 18,19 5a, 5b. Mean monthly temperature 26,27 6a,6b. Mean monthly maximum temperature 30, 31 7a, 7b. Monthly analysis of wind direction 33,35 8. Length, start and end of the wet season 41 9. Geology 47 vi
Page 1 and 2: 9 The Land Resources of North East
Page 3 and 4: ' -\* •ï /Ti' -»4, W 'JL "•
Page 5: THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION The Lan
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION TO VOLUMES 1- 5
Page 11 and 12: HISTORY OF THE STUDY PREFACE TO VOL
Page 13 and 14: United States Agency for Internatio
Page 15 and 16: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS PART 1. INTRODUCTI
Page 17 and 18: GENERAL CIRCULATION CLIMATE by P Tu
Page 19 and 20: MANGA PLAINS ' OMatsena ^ *^ / 10°
Page 21 and 22: 1 015 mm (40 in) and 890 mm (35 in)
Page 23 and 24: Potential Evapotranspiration Discus
Page 26 and 27: Omm Oin l-25mm (O-l-lin) 25-50mm (l
Page 28 and 29: P 5-1 O 2- D.O.S. 3099 A Distributi
Page 31 and 32: 20 l°-22-5°C (68 l°-72-5°F) 22-
Page 33 and 34: D.O.S.(L.R.)3064M Copyright reserve
Page 35 and 36: MONTHLY ANALYSIS OF WIND DIRECTION
Page 37 and 38: Mean daily hours of bright sunshine
Page 39 and 40: mm in 300 12 -l Moist Period * Humi
Page 41 and 42: PHYSIOGRAPHY by M G Bawden The rang
Page 43 and 44: the more gentle Plateau slopes. In
Page 45 and 46: 10° ^rr: Outside project area /,/
Page 47 and 48: and the Gongola. They do not howeve
Page 49 and 50: en to DOS. 3099 F Geological Sectio
Page 51 and 52: spm,^ PLATE 1/1 Song. View from bas
Page 53 and 54: Group IV. Tertiary to Recent Volcan
Page 55 and 56: Type 17. Ancient alluvium (Chad) In
Page 57 and 58:
GEOMORPHOLOGY by M G Bawden Over mo
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In some areas the Plateau is bounde
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apart. They have an asymmetrical cr
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Pediments are formed on Basement Co
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The characteristics of the sands fo
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70 CO JS 5 o tl •o -t> co 0) * e
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TABLE 3 Mean monthly and mean annua
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10° l4 'IT- 12° ,\ Mv / MILES 0 i
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The Yedseram and the Ngadda flow no
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Groundwater occurs in these igneous
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assess the recharge potential more
Page 79 and 80:
10" NgUTl D.O.S.(L.R.)3064Y Copyrig
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Figure 7 Generalised soil pattern 0
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of clay becomes very small. In the
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Soils. Local alluvium is found thro
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Two major groups of Ferruginous Tro
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capacity is below 30 meq. These soi
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Category (Map 3) Wd E Fn PI Fp Pc F
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degrees. In the Doksa Plain (Land S
Page 95 and 96:
Mapping Units Mapping Units Mapping
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30 meq per cent soil. Where limesto
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Soil unit (see footnote) 1 2 3 4 Cl
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This kind of soil is dominant throu
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Mapping Units Mapping Units EWe Map
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The soils of the Bama and Ngelewa R
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The clay content of the soils is ne
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Soil patterns on sandy facies of Ch
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Most of the alluvial areas are repr
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American system and the Luvisols of
Page 115 and 116:
^Ä~--«dß Ä'i;'?£^!&JE2 ^Js-j£
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direct impedence to root growth by
Page 119 and 120:
Edaphic Factors LITHOSOLS DEEP, FRE
Page 121 and 122:
The Species List * The species list
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1 APRORMOSIA/DETARIUM WOODLAND/TREE
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4 TERMINALIA spp./COMBRETUM spp. SH
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6 ACACIA HOCKII TREE AND SHRUB SAVA
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9 ANOGEISSUS/DETARIUM SAVANNA WOODL
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12 COMBRETUM spp. SHRUB SAVANNA Phy
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16 ANOGEISSÜS/ACACIA SEYAL SAVANNA
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SPECIES LIST Table 20 Community Num
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19 ANOGEISSUS WOODLAND/TREE SAVANNA
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22 ACACIA SENEGAL/COMBRETUM GLUTINO
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25 ADANSONIA PARKLAND Physiognomy F
Page 143 and 144:
29 ZIZIPHÜS/ACACIA spp. TREE AND S
Page 145 and 146:
33 LEPTADENIA SHRUB SAVANNA Physiog
Page 147 and 148:
37 SOUTHERN ALLUVIAL COMPLEX 37a BO
Page 149 and 150:
38 DEJI VALLEYS COMPLEX The plant c
Page 151 and 152:
FAUNA by P J Aitchison and P E Glov
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available. Cattle, sheep and goats
Page 155 and 156:
TABLE 27 Mammals recorded in the Sa
Page 157 and 158:
TABLE 31 Mammals recorded in the Gu
Page 159 and 160:
POPULATION by P Tuley The distribut
Page 161 and 162:
COMMUNICATIONS by P Tuley The major
Page 163 and 164:
10* ETHNIC GROUPS 12* 14° TEXT MAP
Page 165 and 166:
14" 10" 10° . • * • • + •*
Page 167 and 168:
CHEVALIER M A CHRISTIAN C S and STE
Page 169 and 170:
GROVE A T 1958 The ancient erg of H
Page 171 and 172:
McKEOWN H P J MILLER R E JOHNSTON R
Page 173 and 174:
TOMLINSON P R 1965 Soils of norther
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