Valency mismatches and the coding of reciprocity in ... - Linguistics

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588 Nicholas Evans, Alice Gaby, and Rachel Nordlinger Table 2. Constructional manifestations of intransitivity and reciprocal strategy Language Coding Indicators of intransitivity Indicators of transitivity Alyawarr V one overt argument ergative case on instruments; ergative marking on secondary Badjala V one overt argument; subject may take nominative case Bunuba V one overt argument; subject may take nominative case Dalabon V one overt argument; subject in nominative case predicates subject may take ergative case subject may take ergative case part nouns incorporated as though linked to an object; two arguments present in reciprocals formed from ditransitive verbs; subjects of reciprocals formed from ditransitive verbs may take instrumental case Dyirbal V one overt argument; subject in nominative case Gooniyandi V one overt argument subject marked ergative Kayardild V one overt argument case of part nouns linked Kuuk Thaayorre V one overt argument; subject may take nominative case to (suppressed) object subject may take ergative case Ndjébbana V one overt argument; intransitive pronominal prefixes representing subject Ngiyambaa V one overt argument; subject in nominative case Yawuru V one overt argument transitive prefix on verb Yukulta V one overt argument; intransitive form of auxiliary; subject in nominative case; instrumental adjuncts in comitative case
Valency and reciprocity in Australian languages 589 Language Coding Indicators of intransitivity Indicators of transitivity Wambaya V a subject in nominative case; complements of perception verbs show subject-control Umpithamu Adverb one overt argument; subject in nominative case part nouns may occupy preverbal position characteristic of objects or object-linked body parts Karrwa P one overt argument; subject in nominative case Wanyi P one overt argument subject takes ergative Warlpiri P subject marked ergative; ergative case on instruments; secondary predicates linked to subject take ergative case; secondary predicates can be linked to object position; ergative outer case agreement on instruments marked with proprietive; body parts may agree Warluwarra P one overt argument subject marked ergative Yanyuwa P b one overt argument; reciprocal pronominal prefixes typically derived from intransitive form; subject in nominative case Yaraldi P reciprocal pronouns based on intransitive form Notes a. Although we do not analyse it as a pronominal, this reciprocal marker appears in the same morphological position as object bound pronouns on the second position auxiliary (Nordlinger 1998), and may have originated as a bound reflexive/reciprocal pronoun. Note also that it is classified as a V (rather than P) here only in the broader sense since it is marked on the auxiliary, rather than the lexical verb itself. b. The form of Yanyuwa reciprocal marking does not fit neatly into either the verbal or pronominal category. See discussion in text for a fuller characterization.
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Valency mismatches and the coding of reciprocity in ... - Linguistics

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