Cole Eye Institute - Cleveland Clinic
Cole Eye Institute - Cleveland Clinic
Cole Eye Institute - Cleveland Clinic
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1<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong><br />
<strong>Institute</strong><br />
Outcomes | 2007
Patients First
1<br />
Outcomes 2007<br />
Quality counts when referring patients to hospitals and physicians, so <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> has created a series of Outcomes<br />
books similar to this one for many of its institutes. Designed for a healthcare provider audience, the Outcomes books con-<br />
tain a summary of our surgical and medical trends and approaches, data on patient volume and outcomes, and a review of<br />
new technologies and innovations.<br />
Although we are unable to report all outcomes for all treatments provided at <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> — omission of outcomes for<br />
a particular treatment does not mean we necessarily do not offer that treatment — our goal is to increase outcomes report-<br />
ing each year. When outcomes for a specific treatment are unavailable, we often report process measures that have docu-<br />
mented relationships with improved outcomes. When process measures are unavailable, we report volume measures; a<br />
volume/outcome relationship has been demonstrated for many treatments, particularly those involving surgical technique.<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> also supports transparent public reporting of healthcare quality data and participates in the following<br />
public reporting initiatives:<br />
• Joint Commission Performance Measurement Initiative (www.qualitycheck.org)<br />
• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) Hospital Compare (www.hospitalcompare.hhs.gov)<br />
• Leapfrog Group (www.leapfroggroup.org)<br />
• Ohio Department of Health Service Reporting (www.odh.state.oh.us)<br />
Our commitment to providing accurate, timely information about patient care is designed to help patients and referring<br />
physicians make informed healthcare decisions. We hope you find these data valuable. To view all our Outcomes books,<br />
visit <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>’s Quality and Patient Safety website at clevelandclinic.org/quality/outcomes.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Dear Colleague:<br />
I am proud to present the 2007 <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Outcomes books. These books provide information on results, volumes and innovations<br />
related to <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> care. The books are designed to help you and your patients make informed decisions about treatments and<br />
referrals.<br />
Over the past year, we enhanced our ability to measure outcomes by reorganizing our clinical services into patient-centered institutes. Each<br />
institute combines all the specialties and support services associated with a specific disease or organ system under a single leadership at a<br />
single site. <strong>Institute</strong>s promote collaboration, encourage innovation and improve patient experience. They make it easier to benchmark and<br />
collect outcomes, as well as implement data-driven changes.<br />
Measuring and reporting outcomes reinforces our commitment to enhancing care and achieving excellence for our patients and referring<br />
physicians. With the institutes model in place, we anticipate greater transparency and more comprehensive outcomes reporting.<br />
Thank you for your interest in <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>’s Outcomes books. I hope you will continue to find them useful.<br />
Sincerely,<br />
Delos M. Cosgrove, MD<br />
CEO and President<br />
2
what’s inside<br />
Chairman’s Letter 04<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> Overview 05<br />
Quality and Outcomes Measures<br />
Cataract Surgery 07<br />
Cornea Surgery 09<br />
Glaucoma Surgery 12<br />
Oculoplastic Surgery 15<br />
Ocular Oncology Surgery 17<br />
Refractive Surgery 19<br />
Vitreoretinal Surgery 21<br />
Strabismus Surgery 24<br />
Patient Experience 26<br />
Innovations 27<br />
New Knowledge 30<br />
Staff Listing 34<br />
Contact Information 36<br />
<strong>Institute</strong> Locations 36<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Overview 37<br />
Online Services 37<br />
e<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong><br />
DrConnect<br />
MyConsult
Chairman’s Letter<br />
The faculty and staff of the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> are excited to present the<br />
second edition of clinical outcomes in Ophthalmology. Our Outcomes book for<br />
2007 represents an aggregation of clinical volumes from the past two years.<br />
<strong>Clinic</strong>al outcomes allow us to understand and objectively measure the<br />
success of our surgical results. Our key evaluatory measures continue to be<br />
visual acuity and the rate of surgical complications, and we continue to use<br />
Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol refraction<br />
as the means of measuring visual acuity. The key measurement variables are<br />
mentioned under each section in the book. In addition to clinical outcomes,<br />
world-class customer service is very important to us. Consequently, we have<br />
spent significant time to understand patient flow process and experience. We<br />
continue to seek best practice measurement processes for both clinical and<br />
administrative areas. We strive to set the standard for excellence through<br />
innovation and consistent follow-up and measurement to evaluate our overall<br />
clinical proficiency.<br />
Our clinical outcomes represent the highest level of achievement in diagnostic<br />
and therapeutic applications. We continue to develop state-of-the-art clinical<br />
applications through our clinical research efforts and basic science initiatives.<br />
We are proud to present our findings and results to our referring physicians,<br />
patients and prospective patients. Thank you for your interest and I hope you<br />
will find the Outcomes book useful.<br />
Hilel Lewis, MD<br />
Chairman, <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong><br />
Outcomes 2007 4
<strong>Institute</strong> Overview<br />
At <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, we have assembled a team of the<br />
world’s foremost clinicians and researchers who are committed not only to<br />
delivering the finest healthcare available, but also to improving tomorrow’s<br />
care through innovative basic, clinical and translational research.<br />
We believe that research and patient care are interdependent. Therefore,<br />
we forge synergistic relationships through analytical and integrative<br />
processes, such as surgical outcomes analysis. We are pioneering<br />
treatment protocols for complex vision-threatening disorders through our<br />
clinical trials and aggressive research programs to shorten the gap between<br />
the laboratory discoveries of today and the patient care of tomorrow. Our<br />
goal: Answering tomorrow’s medical problems through today’s laboratory<br />
and research endeavors.<br />
As one of the leading comprehensive eye institutes in the world, we are<br />
able to enhance the lives of our patients and serve our referring physicians<br />
by providing early, accurate diagnosis and excellent, efficient state-ofthe-art<br />
care. Our program consistently ranks amongst the highest in the<br />
U.S.News & World Report annual survey. Our market share represents<br />
one of the highest patient volumes seen in the United States by any eye<br />
institute, providing care and ambulatory encounters more than 150,000<br />
times a year. We treat the full range of complex vision disorders and<br />
conditions, as well as offering routine eye care for all ages.<br />
We have invested capital resources to build and maintain a state-of-the-art<br />
facility, which demonstrates our commitment to putting patients first. We<br />
deliver maximum patient comfort, service and quality. We offer primary,<br />
secondary and tertiary ophthalmologic services such as oncology services<br />
and treatment of melanoma of the eye.<br />
Our <strong>Institute</strong> is specially designed to enable clinicians to develop<br />
tomorrow’s advances; our facility includes an Experimental Surgery Suite<br />
− one of the few in the country with full operating capacity. Training future<br />
eye specialists is greatly enhanced in the Education Pavilion, with the<br />
James P. Storer Conference Center (designed with tele-video technology),<br />
as well as video rooms, resident carrels and ample conference space.<br />
5<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Vision First Program: Free Screenings for Public School Children<br />
A pioneering collaboration between the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, the <strong>Cleveland</strong><br />
Browns and the <strong>Cleveland</strong> Municipal School District helps bring free vision<br />
screenings to kindergarten and first-grade pupils on the Vision First van.<br />
The program was conceived by the mayor of <strong>Cleveland</strong> and Dr. Hilel Lewis,<br />
Chairman of the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, to identify early, current and treat<br />
pediatric eye diseases in children attending the <strong>Cleveland</strong> Public Schools.<br />
In 2007, the <strong>Cleveland</strong> Browns became the Vision First van’s sponsor,<br />
helping expand the six-year-old Vision First program’s offerings to include<br />
free glasses for children who need them and visits from players to get<br />
students excited about wearing glasses and encourage them to invest time<br />
in their studies. Each year, the program screens more than 6,000 children<br />
at 88 elementary schools.<br />
The Vision First van is staffed by Elias I. Traboulsi, MD, head of pediatric<br />
ophthalmology at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, program medical director, Heather<br />
Cimino, OD, and Rhonda Wilson, an ophthalmic technician. Together, they<br />
assess the need for glasses as well as test depth perception, the ability<br />
to use both eyes fully, color perception and eye muscle strength on each<br />
student whose parents return a signed permission slip.<br />
The van is fully equipped to perform complete eye exams – and because<br />
the program is designed for young children, it features a system that<br />
lets the staff use letters, numbers and even pictures in the exam. Video<br />
cartoons are another kid-friendly tool used, and plenty of stickers are<br />
handed out as rewards.<br />
This program is important because childhood vision problems, such as<br />
amblyopia, are treatable if caught early enough – but can damage vision<br />
permanently if left untreated. Also, the earlier students who need glasses<br />
get them, the sooner they can start doing better in school.<br />
2007 Key Statistics<br />
Total <strong>Clinic</strong> Visits 147,003<br />
Total Surgical Procedures 7,717<br />
Total Surgeries 5,016<br />
Total Cataract Procedures 2,543<br />
Total Cornea Procedures 252<br />
Total Glaucoma Procedures 303<br />
Total Retina Procedures 3,464<br />
Total Oncology Procedures 1,091<br />
Total Oculoplastic Procedures 1,395<br />
Total Strabismus Procedures 474<br />
Total Refractive Procedures 1,541<br />
Total Laser Procedures 1,368<br />
Total Intraocular Drug Therapies 1,907<br />
Outcomes 2007 6
Cataract Surgery<br />
7<br />
Complications during Cataract Surgery<br />
Cataract surgery is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in ophthalmology, thus representing a significant proportion of the operations<br />
performed at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>. From January 2006 through September 2007, a total of 2,412 cataract extraction surgeries were performed. Many<br />
of these surgeries were completed as part of a combined surgical procedure in conjunction with cornea, glaucoma or retinal surgeries, the results of which<br />
are included in those sections of this report. In this section, the results of cataract surgeries performed as a single procedure are described.<br />
N = 2,412<br />
Complications during Cataract Surgery<br />
10000<br />
8000<br />
6000<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
Postoperative Complications<br />
1.5% Posterior Capsule Tear<br />
0.8% Zonular Dialysis<br />
0.1% Iris Trauma<br />
97.6% None<br />
Intraoperative complications of cataract surgery were uncommon, occurring in only 2.4 percent of patients. The most common complication was a loss of<br />
lens capsule integrity due to either a rupture of the posterior capsule or zonular dialysis, with or without prolapse of vitreous into the anterior segment.<br />
N = 1,644<br />
1.6% Cystoid Macular Edema<br />
0.4% Epiretinal Membrane<br />
0.1% Retinal Detachment<br />
0.1% Vitreous Hemorrhage<br />
97.8% None<br />
Postoperative complications were also rare, occurring in 2.2 percent of patients. Cystoid macular edema was the most common complication; it was<br />
observed in 1.6 percent of patients. Other postoperative complications included epiretinal membrane, retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage.<br />
Reoperation for one or more of these complications was required in 0.4 percent of patients.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Difference Between Actual and Target Refractive Error<br />
Percent<br />
60<br />
50<br />
100<br />
40<br />
30 80<br />
20 60<br />
10 40<br />
0<br />
20<br />
0<br />
After cataract Text surgery, 7.5 point the Roman great majority of patients achieved a refractive outcome that was near the anticipated<br />
refractive error. Axis labels Regardless 7.5 Bold of the large number of patients with other conditions that can influence the refractive<br />
outcome, 81 percent of patients achieved a final spherical equivalent refractive error within 1 diopter of the<br />
expected result.<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Change in Visual Acuity by Ocular Comorbidity<br />
ETDRS* Visual Acuity Score<br />
* Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
2 -2 to -1 -1 to 0<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
None Cornea Glaucoma Retina Uveitis Other<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Diopters<br />
Ocular Comorbidities<br />
0 to +1 +1 to +2 2<br />
Preop VA<br />
Postop VA<br />
The goal of Axis cataract line weight surgery = 1is<br />
to improve visual acuity, which was accomplished in the vast majority of our<br />
patients. The Line mean weight improvement for bars and in pie the pieces ETDRS = 0.5 visual acuity score following cataract surgery was 14.5 letters,<br />
representing Use an stacked improvement bar sequence in vision shown of three lines on the visual acuity chart. The overall improvement in vision<br />
was seen in patients with or without other eye disease, with significant improvement occurring in patients with<br />
other problems Dashed including line weight corneal = 0.75 disease, Dash retinal 2 Gap disease, 1 uveitis and glaucoma. In patients without other eye<br />
disease, the mean visual acuity score with best glasses correction after surgery was 79.1 letters, corresponding to<br />
nearly 20/20 vision.<br />
Outcomes 2007 8
Cornea Surgery<br />
Corneal transplant surgeons at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> perform state-of-the-art transplants for<br />
numerous conditions that distort or cloud this normally transparent tissue. The traditional<br />
full-thickness procedure, known as penetrating keratoplasty (PK), makes up the bulk of<br />
grafts that are performed in our institution. From January 2006 through September 2007,<br />
137 PKs were performed, with 95.6 percent of these grafts remaining clear at three<br />
months.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> corneal transplant surgeons have also embarked on cutting-edge lamellar<br />
corneal transplant procedures in which only the portion of the cornea that is diseased is<br />
replaced. Using a procedure called descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty<br />
(DSAEK), surgeons may now selectively transplant the endothelium for conditions such<br />
as pseudophakic bullous keratopathy and Fuchs endothelial dystrophy. Recipients of this<br />
procedure are provided faster visual recovery and more stable and predictable refractive<br />
outcomes than with traditional PK. During the above-mentioned period, 45 DSAEKs were<br />
performed, with 100 percent of the grafts remaining clear at three months.<br />
Corneal surgeons are also transplanting just the anterior portion of the cornea for conditions<br />
such as keratoconus and corneal scarring. This procedure, deep anterior lamellar<br />
keratoplasty (DALK), affords the advantage of allowing patients to retain their own healthy<br />
endothelium, avoiding the risk of endothelial rejection and other potential complications<br />
associated with PK. Over the past two years, 23 DALKs were performed, with 100 percent<br />
of the grafts remaining clear at three months.<br />
Yes<br />
No<br />
Graft Clear at 3 Months<br />
Percent Surgeries<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Anterior<br />
Lamellar<br />
Posterior<br />
Lamellar<br />
Type of Procedure<br />
Penetrating<br />
Keratoplasty<br />
9 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
Many serious sight-threatening disorders may affect only the surface of the eye, including the cornea. These conditions may disrupt or destroy the corneal<br />
stem cells responsible for producing the eye’s healthy cellular surface. <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> surgeons have performed a number of stem cell transplants to<br />
restore the ocular surface. In addition, they have created a device that facilitates harvesting the tissue from deceased donor tissue.<br />
For patients with serious disorders who are not candidates for the more common types of corneal transplantation, the cornea may be replaced with an<br />
artificial cornea, called a keratoprosthesis. Several of our patients<br />
Intraoperative<br />
have benefited<br />
Complications<br />
from this procedure, with excellent visual and anatomical results.<br />
Intraoperative Complications<br />
N = 223<br />
0.4% Choroidal Hemorrhage<br />
0.4% Corneal Graft Edema<br />
99.2% None<br />
A total of 205 keratoplasty procedures and 18 other corneal procedures with a total of 223 procedures were performed during the previously mentioned<br />
period. The vast majority of patients have had successful clinical outcomes with no complications. Intraoperative complications occurred in only 0.9<br />
percent of cases; they consisted of corneal graft edema and choroidal hemorrhage. The postoperative complication rate was 2.7 percent, with most<br />
complications being retinal detachment, graft failure and persistent epithelial defect. The reoperation rate after corneal surgery (defined as a return to the<br />
OR within 90 days) was 3.8 percent; this was due to failure of graft adhesion in DSAEK cases.<br />
Analysis of intraoperative complications included all surgical procedures performed during this period. Analysis of postoperative complications and surgical<br />
outcomes included those patients who had completed three months or more of follow-up. Consequently, the sample sizes reported for intraoperative and<br />
postoperative complications differ.<br />
Outcomes 2007 10
Postoperative Complications<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Change in visual acuity based on the type of corneal transplant procedure is shown in<br />
the graph below. For patients who completed at least three months of follow-up, the<br />
mean improvement in ETDRS visual acuity score was 23.9 letters, corresponding to an<br />
improvement of five lines of visual acuity.<br />
Change in Visual Acuity by Procedure<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
N = 222<br />
ETDRS Visual Acuity Score<br />
0.5% Retinal Detachment 0.5% Graft Failure<br />
Keratoprosthesis<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Lamellar<br />
Keratoplasty<br />
Type of Procedure<br />
Penetrating<br />
Keratoplasty<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
0.5% Persistent Epithelial Defect<br />
0.9% Other<br />
97.7% None<br />
Preop VA<br />
Postop VA<br />
11 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Glaucoma Surgery<br />
In 2006 and 2007, a total of 443 glaucoma surgical surgeries were performed at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, ranging from primary trabeculectomy in<br />
patients undergoing initial glaucoma surgery to complex combined procedures performed in conjunction with cornea and/or retinal specialists. Combined<br />
procedures were performed in 47 percent of patients.<br />
Surgeries Performed in Patients with ≥ 3 Months Follow-up Data<br />
Surgery Type N %<br />
Trabeculectomy 248 55.9<br />
Glaucoma Implant 159 35.9<br />
Revision of Trabeculectomy 19 4.3<br />
Revision of Glaucoma Implant 14 3.2<br />
Other 3 0.7<br />
Total 443 100<br />
The most common procedures performed for glaucoma patients are trabeculectomy and implantation of a glaucoma drainage device. The goal of each<br />
of these procedures is reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent progressive glaucomatous optic nerve damage and associated loss of vision. A<br />
significant IOP reduction was achieved in patients who underwent these procedures at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, as assessed at the three-month follow-up.<br />
The mean IOP reduction in patients who underwent trabeculectomy was 6.8 mm Hg, representing a decrease of 29 percent from baseline. In patients<br />
who had a glaucoma drainage device implanted, the mean IOP reduction was 12.9 mm Hg, representing a decrease from baseline of 40.2 percent.<br />
Glaucoma surgery is not expected to improve visual acuity. ETDRS letter scores show stable post operative acuity,<br />
Outcomes 2007 12
Change in Intraocular Pressure<br />
Intraocular Pressure (mm Hg)<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Trabeculectomy Glaucoma Implant<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
Visual Acuity at 3 Months<br />
ETDRS Visual Acuity Score<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Preop VA Postop VA<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
Preop IOP<br />
Postop IOP<br />
13 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Intraoperative and postoperative complications were uncommon, occurring in less than 3 percent of patients. Details of the incidence and nature of these<br />
complications are shown in the charts below. The need to reoperate within 90 days due to postoperative complications or to recurring IOP elevation<br />
occurred in 2.4 percent of patients. Despite the high level of complexity of a significant number of glaucoma surgery cases at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, we<br />
are able to achieve a high level of efficacy in reducing IOP through surgical intervention, with a low risk of intraoperative or postoperative complications.<br />
Intraoperative Complications<br />
N = 443<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
Intraoperative Complications<br />
Postoperative Complications<br />
N = 443<br />
10000<br />
8000<br />
6000<br />
4000<br />
2000<br />
0<br />
1.1% Button Hole<br />
0.9% Hyphema<br />
0.2% Choroidal Effusion<br />
0.2% Other<br />
Postoperative Complications<br />
97.7% None<br />
0.5% Hypotony<br />
0.2% Implant Exposure<br />
99.1% None<br />
Outcomes 2007 14
Oculoplastic Surgery<br />
Oculoplastic service outcomes were divided into three categories: eyelid surgery, lacrimal<br />
surgery and orbital surgery. There were 792 oculoplastic surgeries performed from January<br />
2006 through September 2007.<br />
Distribution of Oculoplastic Surgeries<br />
N = 792<br />
18.3% Lacrimal<br />
10.5% Orbital<br />
71.2% <strong>Eye</strong>lid<br />
<strong>Eye</strong>lid surgery outcome measures included intraoperative complications,<br />
postoperative eyelid symmetry and reoperation rate (defined as a return<br />
to the OR within 90 days). A total of 564 eyelid surgeries were performed<br />
during the above mentioned period. Intraoperative complications were rare,<br />
comprising only 0.5 percent of eyelid procedures. Similarly, the reoperation<br />
rate was very low, with only 0.9 percent of cases requiring a second<br />
procedure.<br />
Postoperative Complications of <strong>Eye</strong>lid Surgery<br />
5.5% Need Revision<br />
0.9% Need Reoperation<br />
4.5% Worsened Dry <strong>Eye</strong><br />
0.9% Other<br />
88.2% None<br />
15 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Postoperative eyelid symmetry results were excellent in approximately 96.6 percent of cases and good in the remaining 3.4 percent of cases.<br />
Excellent and good eyelid symmetry were defined as a marginal reflex distance (MRD) within 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm of the desired position, respectively.<br />
Postoperative <strong>Eye</strong>lid Symmetry<br />
N = 564<br />
3.4% Good<br />
96.6% Excellent<br />
Postoperative Complications of Lacrimal Surgery<br />
N = 49<br />
4.1% Need Revision<br />
4.1% Need Reoperation<br />
2.0% Other<br />
Other, 2.0%<br />
N = 49<br />
Lacrimal surgery outcome measures included intraoperative complications None, 89.8% and reoperation rate. A total of 145 lacrimal surgeries were performed from<br />
January 2006 through September 2007. There were no intraoperative complications and the reoperation rate was 4.1 percent. Orbital surgery outcome<br />
measures included intraoperative complications and reoperation rate. At the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, 83 orbital surgeries were performed from January 2006<br />
through September 2007. There were no intraoperative complications, and no patient required reoperation or revision.<br />
89.8% None<br />
Outcomes 2007 16
Ocular Oncology Surgery<br />
A melanoma is a primary tumor of the skin or eye. In the eye, it arises from the pigmented cells of the uvea (choroid, ciliary body or iris). Uveal melanoma<br />
of the eye occurs in 4.3 people per million population per year. It almost always occurs in one eye and is more common in fair-skinned, blue-eyed people.<br />
In the past, enucleation was the only treatment for uveal melanoma. In recent years, new methods of treatment have been developed that may be used to<br />
save the eye. At <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, we have increasingly used radioactive plaque for the treatment of uveal melanoma. From July 2006 through December<br />
2007, we have treated 71 new patients with uveal melanoma, with the majority (89 percent) undergoing plaque radiotherapy.<br />
Treatment of Uveal Melanoma<br />
N = 71<br />
Treatment of Recurrent 11% Uveal Enucleation Melanoma<br />
Plaques containing iodine-125 and ruthenium-106 are used at <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> on a regular basis. If tumors are < 5 mm in height, the ruthenium-106<br />
plaque is preferred. The size of the plaque is determined by the diameter of the tumor.<br />
Over the short term, we have observed initial tumor regression with preservation of vision in almost all cases. However, five patients (6 percent) had<br />
tumors recur, requiring additional treatment with plaque or enucleation.<br />
Treatment of Recurrent Uveal Melanoma<br />
N = 5<br />
40%<br />
Plaque<br />
Radiotherapy<br />
89% Plaque Radiotherapy<br />
60% Enucleation<br />
17 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Fundus photograph showing a dome-shaped pigmented choroidal melanoma in the temporal quadrant of the left<br />
eye (A). Three months after iodine-125 plaque radiotherapy, the tumor showed evidence of continued growth<br />
with breakthrough Bruchs membrane (B). Repeat plaque radiotherapy was performed. One year after repeat<br />
plaque radiotherapy, tumor regression is evident (C).<br />
A<br />
B<br />
C<br />
Outcomes 2007 18
Refractive Surgery<br />
100<br />
Outcomes 80 of laser vision correction are best summarized based on the patient’s preoperative<br />
refractive status. Both the type and magnitude of refractive error (nearsightedness or<br />
farsightedness) 60 affect the likelihood that uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better will<br />
be achieved. Another important factor that indicates the outcome of laser vision correction<br />
40<br />
is the proportion of patients whose final refractive error falls within ± 0.5 diopters of the<br />
intended 20 result.<br />
Below 0are<br />
the collective outcomes for laser in-situ keratomileusis with the femtosecond laser<br />
(IntraLASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), using custom or conventional ablation.<br />
In addition to those two outcomes, we also report the proportion of patients with an<br />
exceptional outcome (uncorrected acuity of 20/15 or better), and the proportion of patients<br />
with uncorrected acuity meeting the requirements for driving without glasses (20/40 or<br />
better). From April 2006 through August 2007, 661 eyes were included in this analysis.<br />
Vision Correction after IntraLASIK and PRK<br />
Vision Correction after IntraLASIK and PRK<br />
Low Myopia Low Myopia (0 (0 to to ≤3 -3 Diopters Sphere, Sphere, ≤ 0.5 D ≤ Cylinder) 0.5 D Cylinder)<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0.5 D<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
3 months N = 137<br />
12 months N = 36<br />
20/15 20/20 20/40<br />
Vision Correction Vision after Correction IntraLASIK after IntraLASIK and and PRK<br />
Moderate Myopic Astigmatism (-3 to -6 Diopters Sphere ≥ 0.75 D Cylinder)<br />
Moderate Myopic Axis line weight Astigmatism = 1 (-3 to -6 Diopters Sphere,<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
≥0.75 D Cylinder)<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
3 months N = 141<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 12 Gap months 1 N = 73<br />
0.5 D<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
20/15 20/20 20/40<br />
19<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong><br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0
Greater than 80 percent of myopic eyes achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better, and about 95 percent had a refractive 0 result that fell within<br />
± 0.5 diopters of the desired target. Almost 100 percent achieved uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 40 percent to 50 percent had an<br />
exceptional result of uncorrected visual acuity of 20/15 or better. In hyperopic eyes, where a precise refractive outcome is known to be more difficult to<br />
achieve after laser vision correction, 50 percent of patients still achieved uncorrected visual acuity of at least 20/20, and 80 percent had a refractive<br />
outcome within ± 0.5 diopters of the target outcome. About 96 percent had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 11.5 percent achieved an<br />
exceptional result with uncorrected visual acuity of at least 20/15.<br />
Vision Correction High Myopia (> after -6 Diopters IntraLASIK Sphere ≥ and 0.75 D PRK Cylinder)<br />
High Myopia (>-6 Diopters Sphere, ≥ 0.75 D Cylinder)<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Vision Correction after IntraLASIK and PRK<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Hyperopia (0 to +6 Diopters Sphere, All <strong>Eye</strong>s)<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0.5 D<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
0.5 D<br />
Vision Correction after IntraLASIK and PRK<br />
3 months N = 41<br />
12 months N = 19<br />
20/15 20/20 20/40<br />
3 months N = 26<br />
20/15 20/20 20/40<br />
Outcomes 2007 20<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20
Vitreoretinal Surgery<br />
60<br />
50<br />
The vitreoretinal department at the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> 40 has assembled a dedicated surgical team of surgeons, nurses and skilled technicians to deliver<br />
world-class care for our patients. This team has developed several new surgical procedures that are now used worldwide for retinal detachment, diabetic<br />
30<br />
macular edema, diabetic traction detachments, macular holes, and pediatric retinal surgery. Members of the team have also helped develop the next<br />
generation of vitreoretinal surgical devices. 20<br />
10<br />
From January 2006 through September 2007, the 0team<br />
handled 633 surgical cases, for which a detailed outcomes analysis was conducted. Some<br />
cases were excluded from the analysis of visual outcomes, including emergency cases, cases where protocol visual acuity could not be performed for<br />
patient reasons, or cases where patients received postoperative care from another facility. All cases were included in the analysis of intraoperative surgical<br />
complications.<br />
The <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> is a tertiary care facility and the vitreoretinal team is called on by patients and other physicians to assist in difficult cases. This is<br />
especially true for cases involving complicated retinal detachments and diabetic retinopathy. Overall, the surgical success of the vitreoretinal team was<br />
excellent, with achievement of the surgical goals in 91.6 percent of cases. Reoperation was needed in 8.4 percent of cases. Visual acuity improved after<br />
surgery, with a mean improvement of 14 letters or almost 3 lines of vision. Vision improved > 3 lines in 42 percent of surgical cases.<br />
Change in Visual Acuity<br />
ETDRS Visual Acuity Score<br />
60<br />
<br />
50<br />
40 <br />
30<br />
<br />
20<br />
10<br />
0<br />
Preop VA Postop VA<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Vision Improved Axis labels by 7.5 > 14 Bold ETDRS Letters by Indication for Surgery<br />
Change in Visual Acuity by Indication for Surgery<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
ETDRS Score<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
80<br />
Preop Dashed VA line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
Postop VA<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Macular<br />
Hole<br />
Rhegmatogenous<br />
Retinal<br />
Detachment<br />
Diabetic<br />
Vitrectomy<br />
Indication for Surgery<br />
Epiretinal<br />
Membrane<br />
Dissection<br />
21 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
30<br />
During the above mentioned time period, the vitreoretinal 20 team performed 82 surgeries to close a macular hole. Closure of the macular hole was achieved<br />
in 100 percent of cases. Vision improved > 3 lines in 44 percent of cases, with a mean change in vision of 12.6 letters or 2.5 lines. Retinal detachment<br />
10<br />
was repaired in 81 patients, with retinal reattachment achieved after one surgery in 79 percent of cases, and after a second procedure in 97 percent of<br />
cases. The mean change in vision after retinal detachment 0 repair was an improvement of 12.9 letters or 2.6 lines. Forty-two percent of patients improved<br />
3 or more lines in vision.<br />
Diabetic vitrectomy surgery is among the most complex surgeries performed by a vitreoretinal surgeon. Ninety-eight of these procedures were performed<br />
by the vitreoretinal team during this time period. Visual acuity improved by 3 or more lines in 37 percent of cases, with a mean improvement of 11.5<br />
letters or 2.3 lines.<br />
Vision Improved by >14 ETDRS Letters<br />
<br />
ETDRS Score<br />
60<br />
<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
<br />
20<br />
10<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Vision Improved Axis labels by > 7.5 14 Bold ETDRS Letters by Indication for Surgery<br />
Vision Improved by > 14 ETDRS Letters by Indication for Surgery<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
ETDRS Score<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
80<br />
Preop Dashed VA line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
Postop VA<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
0<br />
60<br />
50<br />
40<br />
Macular<br />
Hole<br />
Vision Improved by > 14 ETDRS Letters<br />
Yes No<br />
Rhegmatogenous<br />
Retinal<br />
Detachment<br />
Diabetic<br />
Vitrectomy<br />
Indication for Surgery<br />
Epiretinal<br />
Membrane<br />
Dissection<br />
Outcomes 2007 Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
22
An analysis of intraoperative complications of all vitreoretinal surgical procedures showed that no complications occurred in 92.6 percent of cases.<br />
Intraoperative iatrogenic tears were recorded in 4.5 percent of cases; however, when recognized intraoperatively, as in these cases, this complication is<br />
easily managed. Other complications included vitreous hemorrhage (1.2 percent), hyphema (0.2 percent) and choroidal hemorrhage (0.7 percent).<br />
An analysis of postoperative complications in patients with at least three months of follow-up revealed that 96.3 percent of cases did not have any<br />
postoperative complications. Vitreous hemorrhage was the most common complication (1.1 percent) followed by retinal detachment (0.8 percent),<br />
intraocular pressure spike (0.4 percent), corneal edema (0.1 percent), and other complications (1.3 percent).<br />
Intraoperative Complications<br />
N=1,010<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Macular<br />
Hole<br />
Rhegmatogenous<br />
Retinal<br />
Detachment<br />
Indication for Surgery<br />
Postoperative Complications<br />
N=1,010<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Macular<br />
Hole<br />
Rhegmatogenous<br />
Retinal<br />
Detachment<br />
Diabetic<br />
Vitrectomy<br />
Diabetic<br />
Vitrectomy<br />
Indication for Surgery<br />
Epiretinal<br />
Membrane<br />
Epiretinal<br />
Membrane<br />
None<br />
Hyphema<br />
Vitreous Hemorrage<br />
Iatrogenic Break<br />
Choroidal Hemorrhage<br />
Other<br />
None<br />
Hyphema<br />
Vitreous Hemorrage<br />
Iatrogenic Break<br />
Choroidal Hemorrhage<br />
Other<br />
23 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
0<br />
Strabismus Surgery<br />
20<br />
10<br />
Adult Strabismus Cases<br />
Number of Surgeries<br />
50<br />
40<br />
30<br />
20<br />
80<br />
10<br />
60<br />
0<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Esotropia Exotropia Dissociated<br />
Vertical<br />
Deviations<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
IVth Nerve<br />
Palsy<br />
Diagnosis<br />
VIth Nerve Hypertropia Thyroid<br />
Palsy<br />
<strong>Eye</strong><br />
Disease<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Pediatric Strabismus Cases<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
Number of Surgeries<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Esotropia Exotropia IVth Nerve<br />
Palsy<br />
Text 7.5 point Roman<br />
Axis labels 7.5 Bold<br />
Dissociated<br />
Vertical<br />
Deviations<br />
Diagnosis<br />
Axis line weight = 1<br />
Line weight for bars and pie pieces = 0.5<br />
Use stacked bar sequence shown<br />
VIth Nerve Hypertropia Nystagmus<br />
Palsy<br />
Dashed line weight = 0.75 Dash 2 Gap 1<br />
Outcomes 2007 24
Surgical Outcome for Adults<br />
N=151<br />
19% Poor (Overcorrected<br />
or undercorrected)<br />
Surgical Outcome for Children<br />
N=97<br />
6% Poor (Overcorrected<br />
or undercorrected)<br />
Surgical Outcome for Adults<br />
Surgical Outcome for Children<br />
81% Good (Diplopia disappeared<br />
and/or anomalous head<br />
position resolved)<br />
94% Good (Deviation < 10 prism<br />
diopters in primary position<br />
and/or anomalous head<br />
position resolved)<br />
A total of 271 strabismus surgeries were performed from January 2006 through December 2007. Of these, 109 surgeries were on adults (16 years and<br />
older) and 162 surgeries were on children under the age of 16. A total of 90 surgeries were for esotropia, 100 for exotropia, 25 for thyroid eye disease,<br />
28 for IVth nerve palsy, 4 for VIth nerve palsy, 13 for dissociated deviations, 9 for hypertropia and 2 for nystagmus. Outcomes were assessed at the latest<br />
follow-up exams, which ranged from 1 day to 1 year postoperatively. Outcomes were considered good if constant deviations were < 10 prism diopters in<br />
primary position in children and in adults without diplopia, if diplopia disappeared in adults, and if an anomalous head position resolved.<br />
A total of 17 adults and 73 children had esotropia. Outcomes were good in 14 adults and in 68 children. Poor results occurred in 1 adult and 2 children.<br />
All 3 were initially undercorrected. Two of the 3 were reoperated with good outcomes. No follow-up data were available on 2 adults and 3 children. A total<br />
of 45 adults and 55 children were operated on for exotropia. Results were good in 35 adults and 47 children, whereas results were poor in 8 adults and<br />
2 children. The 2 children were undercorrected; 1 was reoperated with a good outcome. Six adults were undercorrected and 2 were overcorrected. Three<br />
of the undercorrected adults previously had scleral buckles, 1 had a torn muscle and 1 had bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia. Follow-up was not<br />
available for 2 adults and 5 children.<br />
Surgery was done for IVth nerve palsy on 12 adults and 16 children. Hypertropia or head tilt resolved in 9 adults and 13 children, but were poor in 1<br />
adult and 2 children who were undercorrected. Both children were reoperated; one had a good outcome after a second procedure and the other had a<br />
good outcome after a third procedure. No follow-up was available in 2 adults and 1 child. VIth nerve palsy was addressed in 1 child and 2 adults. The<br />
child had 2 procedures; the first result was poor and the second one was good. One adult had a good outcome and 1 did not return for follow-up.<br />
Twenty-five procedures were done for thyroid eye disease on 20 adult patients. One patient had a good result after 3 procedures; another had a good<br />
result after 2. They had initially been undercorrected. Eleven patients had diplopia resolved after the initial surgery. Of the 6 remaining with a poor<br />
outcome, all were undercorrected except one who was overcorrected. Outcome could not be assessed in 1 patient who did not return for follow-up. Five<br />
adults and 4 children had a vertical deviation, or hypertropia. One adult needed 2 procedures to achieve a good outcome. Two of the 5 adults had a<br />
poor outcome due to being undercorrected. One of these adults previously had an orbital fracture, and the other one had AMD and a retinal detachment<br />
repaired 3 of the 4 children had a good outcome. The 1 poor outcome resulted in an undercorrection. One did not return for follow-up.<br />
Two children were operated on for an abnormal head posture due to nystagmus. Both had a good result.<br />
25 <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Patient Experience<br />
Outpatient - <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong><br />
We ask our patients about their experiences and satisfaction with the services provided by our staff. Although our patients are already indicating we<br />
provide excellent care, we are committed to continuous improvement.<br />
Overall Rating of Care 2007<br />
Overall Rating of Provider Care 2007<br />
Would Recommend Provider 2007<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Percent<br />
100<br />
80<br />
60<br />
40<br />
20<br />
0<br />
Excellent<br />
Excellent<br />
Extremely<br />
Likely<br />
N=1,622<br />
Very Good Good Fair Poor<br />
N=1,621<br />
Very Good Good Fair Poor<br />
Very<br />
Likely<br />
Somewhat<br />
Likely<br />
Somewhat<br />
Unlikely<br />
N=1,579<br />
Very<br />
Unlikely<br />
Outcomes 2007 26
Innovations<br />
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)<br />
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP), a leading cause of childhood blindness<br />
worldwide, has no FDA-approved medical therapy. ROP involves initial<br />
destruction of retinal vessels during hyperoxia and the subsequent<br />
abnormal growth of blood vessels in response to low oxygen states. These<br />
vessels bleed and can exert traction, causing retinal detachments.<br />
The current paradigm for preventing unfavorable outcomes from ROP is<br />
centered on the treatment of the angiogenesis seen in ROP by limiting the<br />
substrate-causing pathologic neovascularization through destructive laser<br />
ablation of the retina. However, another novel approach to preventing<br />
vision loss from ROP is to direct the orderly development of retinal vessels<br />
during phase I by stimulating a key transcription factor, hypoxia inducible<br />
factor-1 (HIF-1), that is inhibited by the hyperoxia of phase I.<br />
Using a gene reporter system, Jonathan Sears, MD, and associates at<br />
the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> have uncovered small molecules with rapid onset<br />
and a short half life that enable the retina to develop in an orderly and<br />
sequential fashion during hyperoxia, a phase that normally causes vascular<br />
obliteration. This induces the normal development of the retina and<br />
eliminates the stimulus for pathologic blood vessel growth and subsequent<br />
retinal detachment.<br />
Multiple Advantages Make DALK an Excellent Alternative<br />
to PK in <strong>Eye</strong>s with Anterior Corneal Pathologies<br />
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) remains the gold standard surgery for eyes<br />
with corneal disease needing transplantation. This full-thickness procedure<br />
is highly effective in restoring vision, but its drawbacks include a prolonged<br />
recovery, a fragile wound and the attendant risk of endothelial rejection.<br />
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), in which the anterior and<br />
middle layers of the diseased cornea are replaced with healthy donor<br />
tissue, was developed as an alternative procedure to PK in eyes with a<br />
normal Descemet’s membrane and endothelial cells. However, DALK is<br />
more technically challenging and takes longer to perform than PK, so it has<br />
not been widely adopted by corneal transplant surgeons.<br />
Despite the downside of a prolonged procedure and because DALK has<br />
significant advantages, <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> corneal surgeon Bennie H. Jeng,<br />
MD, mastered the technique for DALK and began offering it to appropriate<br />
patients about one year ago.<br />
27<br />
“One of the major advantages of DALK over PK is that it eliminates the<br />
chance of endothelial rejection, which accounts for nearly all cases of graft<br />
rejection. In addition, the cornea is much stronger after DALK compared<br />
with PK, which minimizes the risk for late trauma-induced wound<br />
dehiscence that can persist for decades after PK,” he says. Furthermore,<br />
DALK cuts healing time and time to visual recovery to half of the time as<br />
for PK. The opportunity to provide faster visual rehabilitation and reduced<br />
long-term risks of graft rejection and wound dehiscence more than justify<br />
the extra time it takes to do this procedure.<br />
In Dr. Jeng’s experience, the functional outcomes achieved with DALK<br />
have been excellent and comparable to those of PK for similar indications.<br />
To date, there have been no long-term postoperative complications or any<br />
episodes of rejection. However, because of the technically challenging<br />
nature of the procedure, the DALK technique may occasionally need to be<br />
converted to a full-thickness transplant. Dr. Jeng’s intraoperative conversion<br />
rate from DALK to PK has been about 5 percent.<br />
Diffuse Illumination view of the right eye of a patient<br />
three months after DALK for keratoconus (top).<br />
Slit-beam view demonstrates a trace amount of<br />
interface haze which later faded away. Final BCVA<br />
after all sutures were removed was 20/20 (bottom).<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Prophylactic mitomycin-C: Definitely Effective, But is it<br />
Safe?<br />
PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) continues to represent a safe and<br />
effective refractive surgery procedure that is often a good alternative to<br />
LASIK (laser assisted in situ keratomileusis) and is even the procedure<br />
of choice for some patients. However, a risk for development of severe<br />
subepithelial corneal opacity, especially after corrections for high myopia,<br />
is one of the major disadvantages of PRK. While haze after PRK occurs in<br />
only a small proportion of patients who undergo higher-level corrections,<br />
it can be a major clinical problem because of its effect on vision and<br />
association with regression.<br />
At <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>’s <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, Steven E. Wilson, MD, has been<br />
a leader in research to understand the pathogenesis of the haze and factors<br />
that affect its development. Recently, Dr. Wilson and colleagues reported<br />
findings from studies in rabbits undertaken to delineate the cellular<br />
mechanisms accounting for the benefit of prophylactic treatment with<br />
mitomycin-C (MMC) and to examine the effects of varying exposure time<br />
and MMC concentration [ J Refract Surg 2007; 22:562-74 ]. The results<br />
raise questions about potential long-term deleterious consequences of<br />
intraoperative MMC and have implications for clinical practice.<br />
Images reprinted with permission from SLACK Incorporated: Netto,<br />
M. V., Mohan, R. R., Sinha, S., Sharma, A., Gupta, P. C, & Wilson,<br />
S. E. (2006). Effect of prophylactic and therapeutic mitomycin C on<br />
corneal apoptosis, cellular proliferation, haze, and long-term keratocyte<br />
density in rabbits. Journal of Refractive Surgery, 22(6), 562-574.<br />
Sutureless Technique Reduces Morbidity of Müller<br />
Muscle-Conjunctiva Resection Ptosis Repair<br />
Müller muscle-conjunctiva resection is an excellent procedure for treating<br />
mild ptosis of the upper eyelid. However, the sutures placed for wound<br />
closure can be irritating and cause corneal abrasion.<br />
A few years ago at <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>’s <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>, oculoplastic<br />
surgeon Julian D. Perry, MD, began using fibrin sealant (Tisseel, Baxter<br />
AG Industries, Vienna, Austria) for conjunctival closure in Müller muscleconjunctiva<br />
resection, recognizing that the material is soft and likely to be<br />
gentler to the cornea than sutures. Recently, he and colleagues reported<br />
their collective experience with this technique in a retrospective series of<br />
53 consecutive eyelids of 33 patients operated on between January 2002<br />
and January 2004 [Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 2006;22:184-7].<br />
The findings of their review document that the sutureless technique can<br />
be a good alternative to traditional suture closure. Even though the material<br />
apposes only the conjunctiva and not deeper tissues, no cases of wound<br />
dehiscence were observed, and anatomic outcomes were comparable to<br />
those achieved with traditional sutures in terms of achieved margin reflex<br />
distance and bilateral eyelid symmetry. However, patients benefited with<br />
improved postoperative comfort and there were no cases of keratopathy<br />
or other complications attributable to the fibrin sealant.<br />
Preoperative photo shows<br />
left upper eyelid ptosis.<br />
One week after Conjunctival<br />
Mullerectomy ptosis repair<br />
using fibrin glue.<br />
Outcomes 2007 28
Advanced Corneal Imaging Sheds Light on Refractive<br />
Shift After DSAEK<br />
Surgeons at <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> have been performing<br />
Descemet’s stripping and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK), a<br />
new corneal transplant procedure, as part of an IRB-approved prospective<br />
study and believe they have confirmed the reason many patients who have<br />
had this surgery experience a slight shift toward farsightedness.<br />
In DSAEK, which is an alternative to penetrating keratoplasty, a<br />
microkeratome is used to create a donor disc composed of posterior<br />
stroma, Descemet’s membrane and endothelium that is transplanted<br />
onto the posterior stroma of the recipient cornea. This technique often<br />
produces donor lenticles that are thicker in the periphery, and investigators<br />
have speculated that this plays an important role in the development<br />
of hyperopia. William J. Dupps Jr., MD, PhD, a refractive surgeon and<br />
corneal specialist and David M. Meisler, MD, have found that non-uniform<br />
thickness profiles and variable central graft thicknesses both contribute to<br />
refractive shift after DSAEK.<br />
29<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> Instiute Anesthesiology<br />
Subtenon’s Cannula Infusion<br />
Subtenon’s lidocaine injection has been proven to reduce postoperative<br />
pain and systemic analgesia requirements in strabismus surgery. Staff<br />
of the Section for the <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> Anesthesia have advanced<br />
their experience with the technique. Marc Feldman, MD, traveled to<br />
Middlesbrough, UK, to see and learn the technique from Chandra Kumar,<br />
MBBS, at the James Cook Hospital.<br />
Medial Canthal Block<br />
The medial canthal block, a new needle technique, is being used and<br />
further developed at <strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>. The purpose of this technique<br />
is to provide optimal regional anesthesia for the dacryocystorhinostomy<br />
procedure to correct chronic tearing of the eyes. J. Victor Ryckman, MD, is<br />
developing resident educational and assessment materials for ophthalmic<br />
anesthesia.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
New Knowledge<br />
For a complete list of<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> 2007<br />
publications go to<br />
www.clevelandclinic.org/<br />
quality/outcomes<br />
Journal Articles<br />
Ambrosio R Jr, Jardim D, Netto MV, Wilson SE. Management of unsuccessful LASIK surgery. Compr Ophthalmol<br />
Update. 2007 May;8(3):125-141.<br />
Bakri S, Singh AD, Lowder CY, Chalita MR, Li Y, Izatt JA, Rollins AM, Huang D. Imaging of iris lesions with highspeed<br />
optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2007 Jan;38(1):27-34.<br />
Bakri SJ, Sears JE, Lewis H. Management of macular hole and submacular hemorrhage in the same eye. Graefes<br />
Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr;245(4):609-611.<br />
Bhatnagar P, Kaiser PK, Smith SD, Meisler DM, Lewis H, Sears JE. Reopening of previously closed macular holes<br />
after cataract extraction. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Aug;144(2):252-259.<br />
Brasil MVOM, Rockwood EJ, Smith SD. Comparison of silicone and polypropylene Ahmed Glaucoma Valve<br />
implants. J Glaucoma. 2007 Jan;16(1):36-41.<br />
Brasil OFM, Smith SD, Galor A, Lowder CY, Sears JE, Kaiser PK. Predictive factors for short-term visual outcome<br />
after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for diabetic macular oedema: an optical coherence tomography<br />
study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;91(6):761-765.<br />
Chan WM, Andrews C, Dragan L, Fredrick D, Armstrong L, Lyons C, Geraghty MT, Hunter DG, Yazdani A, Traboulsi<br />
EI, Pott JWR, Gutowski NJ, Ellard S, Young E, Hanisch F, Koc F, Schnall B, Engle EC. Three novel mutations in<br />
KIF21A highlight the importance of the third coiled-coil stalk domain in the etiology of CFEOM1. BMC Genet. 2007<br />
May 18;8:26.<br />
Cohen VML, Singh AD. Comments on: Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelids. Compr Ophthalmol Update. 2007<br />
Jan;8(1):15-16.<br />
Dupps WJ Jr, Netto MV, Herekar S, Krueger RR. Surface wave elastometry of the cornea in porcine and human<br />
donor eyes. J Refract Surg. 2007 Jan;23(1):66-75.<br />
Dupps WJ Jr, Jeng BH, Meisler DM. Narrow-strip conjunctival autograft for treatment of pterygium.<br />
Ophthalmology. 2007 Feb;114(2):227-231.<br />
Dupps WJ Jr. Hysteresis: New mechanospeak for the ophthalmologist. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007<br />
Sep;33(9):1499-1501.<br />
Galor A, Margolis R, Kaiser PK, Lowder CY. Vitreous band formation and the sustained-release, intravitreal<br />
fluocinolone (Retisert) implant. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 Jun;125(6):836-838.<br />
Galor A, Hall GS, Procop GW, Tuohy M, Millstein ME, Jeng BH. Rapid species determination of Nocardia keratitis<br />
using pyrosequencing technology. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;143(1):182-183.<br />
Galor A, Ference SJ, Singh AD, Lee MS, Stevens GHJ, Perez VL, Peereboom DM. Maculopathy as a complication<br />
of blood-brain barrier disruption in patients with central nervous system lymphoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Jul;144(1):45-49.<br />
Hoppe G, Rayborn ME, Sears JE. Diurnal rhythm of the chromatin protein Hmgb1 in rat photoreceptors is under<br />
circadian regulation. J Comp Neurol. 2007 Mar 10;501(2):219-230.<br />
Jeng BH, Hall GS, Schoenfield L, Meisler DM. The fusarium keratitis outbreak: not done yet? Arch Ophthalmol.<br />
2007 Jul;125(7):981-983.<br />
Outcomes 2007 30
Jeng BH, Holland GN, Lowder CY, Deegan WF III, Raizman MB,<br />
Meisler DM. Anterior segment and external ocular disorders associated<br />
with human immunodeficiency virus disease. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Jul;52(4):329-368.<br />
Kaiser PK. Verteporfin photodynamic therapy and anti-angiogenic drugs:<br />
potential for combination therapy in exudative age-related macular<br />
degeneration. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007 Mar;23(3):477-487.<br />
Kaiser PK, Do DV. Ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular AMD.<br />
Int J Clin Pract. 2007 Mar;61(3):501-509.<br />
Kaiser PK, Brown DM, Zhang K, Hudson HL, Holz FG, Shapiro H,<br />
Schneider S, Acharya NR. Ranibizumab for predominantly classic<br />
neovascular age-related macular degeneration: Subgroup analysis of firstyear<br />
ANCHOR results. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;144(6):850-857.<br />
Kaiser PK, Goldberg MF, Davis AA. Posterior juxtascleral depot<br />
administration of anecortave acetate. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;52<br />
Suppl 1:S62-S69.<br />
Kaiser PK, Blodi BA, Shapiro H, Acharya NR. Angiographic and optical<br />
coherence tomographic results of the MARINA study of ranibizumab in<br />
neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2007<br />
Oct;114(10):1868-1875.<br />
Koenig SB, Covert DJ, Dupps WJ Jr, Meisler DM. Visual acuity, refractive<br />
error, and endothelial cell density six months after Descemet stripping<br />
and automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Cornea. 2007<br />
Jul;26(6):670-674.<br />
Koenig SB, Dupps WJ Jr, Covert DJ, Meisler DM. Simple technique<br />
to unfold the donor corneal lenticule during Descemet’s stripping and<br />
automated endothelial keratoplasty. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007<br />
Feb;33(2):189-190.<br />
Krueger RR, Dupps WJ Jr. Biomechanical effects of femtosecond and<br />
microkeratome-based flap creation: prospective contralateral examination<br />
of two patients. J Refract Surg. 2007 Oct;23(8):800-807.<br />
Lewis H. Sutureless microincision vitrectomy surgery: unclear benefit,<br />
uncertain safety. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Oct;144(4):613-615.<br />
Li Y, Netto MV, Shekhar R, Krueger RR, Huang D. A longitudinal study<br />
of LASIK flap and stromal thickness with high-speed optical coherence<br />
tomography. Ophthalmology. 2007 Jun;114(6):1124-1132.<br />
Margolis R, Brasil OFM, Lowder CY, Singh RP, Kaiser PK, Smith<br />
SD, Perez VL, Sonnie C, Sears JE. Vitrectomy for the diagnosis and<br />
management of uveitis of unknown cause. Ophthalmology. 2007<br />
Oct;114(10):1893-1897.<br />
31<br />
Margolis R, Lowder CY. Sarcoidosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Nov;18(6):470-475.<br />
Margolis R, Brasil OFM, Lowder CY, Smith SD, Moshfeghi DM, Sears JE,<br />
Kaiser PK. Multifocal posterior necrotizing retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol.<br />
2007 Jun;143(6):1003-1008.<br />
Margolis R, Lowder CY, Sears JE, Kaiser PK. Intravitreal bevacizumab<br />
for macular edema due to occlusive vasculitis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Apr;22(2):105-108.<br />
Medeiros FW, Stapleton WM, Hammel J, Krueger RR, Netto MV,<br />
Wilson SE. Wavefront analysis comparison of LASIK outcomes with the<br />
femtosecond laser and mechanical microkeratomes. J Refract Surg. 2007<br />
Nov;23(9):880-887.<br />
Meisler DM, Dupps WJ Jr, Covert DJ, Koenig SB. Use of an air-fluid<br />
exchange system to promote graft adhesion during Descemet’s stripping<br />
automated endothelial keratoplasty. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007<br />
May;33(5):770-772.<br />
Netto MV, Mohan RR, Medeiros FW, Dupps WJ Jr, Sinha S, Krueger RR,<br />
Stapleton WM, Rayborn M, Suto C, Wilson SE. Femtosecond laser and<br />
microkeratome corneal flaps: comparison of stromal wound healing and<br />
inflammation. J Refract Surg. 2007 Sep;23(7):667-676.<br />
Netto MV, Chalita MR, Krueger RR. Corneal haze following PRK with<br />
mitomycin C as a retreatment versus prophylactic use in the contralateral<br />
eye. J Refract Surg. 2007 Jan;23(1):96-98.<br />
Qian Y, Kosmorsky G, Kaiser PK. Retinal manifestations of cerebroretinal<br />
vasculopathy. Semin Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul;22(3):163-165.<br />
Radhakrishnan S, See J, Smith SD, Nolan WP, Ce Z, Friedman DS,<br />
Huang D, Li Y, Aung T, Chew PTK. Reproducibility of anterior chamber<br />
angle measurements obtained with anterior segment optical coherence<br />
tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007 Aug;48(8):3683-3688.<br />
Radhakrishnan S, Bala E, Peachey NS, Lewis H, Traboulsi EI. Bilateral<br />
macular lesions in a 10-year-old girl. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Jan;143(1):184-185.<br />
Roberts RA, Gans RE. Comparison of horizontal and vertical dynamic<br />
visual acuity in patients with vestibular dysfunction and nonvestibular<br />
dizziness. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007 Mar;18(3):236-244.<br />
Schachat AP. Peers review, editors decide, and then, what? Am J<br />
Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr;143(4):677-678.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Schorderet DF, Tiab L, Gaillard MC, Lorenz B, Klainguti G, Kerrison<br />
JB, Traboulsi EI, Munier FL. Novel mutations in FRMD7 in X-linked<br />
congenital nystagmus. Mutation in brief #963. Online. Hum Mutat. 2007<br />
May;28(5):525.<br />
Sears JE, Sonnie C. Anatomic success of lens-sparing vitrectomy with<br />
and without scleral buckle for stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity. Am J<br />
Ophthalmol. 2007 May;143(5):810-813.<br />
See JLS, Chew PTK, Smith SD, Nolan WP, Chan YH, Huang D, Zheng C,<br />
Foster PJ, Aung T, Friedman DS. Changes in anterior segment morphology<br />
in response to illumination and after laser iridotomy in Asian eyes: an<br />
anterior segment OCT study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;91(11):1485-<br />
1489.<br />
Singh AD, Sisley K, Xu Y, Li J, Faber P, Plummer SJ, Mudhar HS,<br />
Rennie IG, Kessler PM, Casey G, Williams BG. Reduced expression of<br />
autotaxin predicts survival in uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Oct;91(10):1385-1392.<br />
Singh R, Kaiser PK. Advances in AMD imaging. Int Ophthalmol Clin.<br />
2007 Winter;47(1):65-74.<br />
Singh RP, Kaiser PK. Treatment of co-existent occult choroidal<br />
neovascular membrane and macular hole. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007<br />
Sep;52(5):547-550.<br />
Singh RP, Schachat A. Ranibizumab in the treatment of age-related<br />
macular degeneration. Aging Health. 2007 Feb;3(1):9-14.<br />
Singh RP, Kaiser PK. Role of ranibizumab in management of macular<br />
degeneration. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;55(6):421-425.<br />
Taban M, Singh RP, Chung JY, Lowder CY, Perez VL, Kaiser PK. Sterile<br />
endophthalmitis after intravitreal triamcinolone: a possible association with<br />
uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul;144(1):50-54.<br />
Taban M, Langston RHS, Lowder CY. Scleritis in a person with stiffperson<br />
syndrome. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2007 Jan;15(1):37-39.<br />
Taban M, Taban M, Lee MS, Smith SD, Heyka R, Kosmorsky GS.<br />
Prevalence of optic nerve edema in patients on peripheral hemodialysis.<br />
Ophthalmology. 2007 Aug;114(8):1580-1583.<br />
Taban M, Lewis H, Lee MS. Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic<br />
neuropathy and ‘visual field defects’ following vitrectomy: could they be<br />
related? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Apr;245(4):600-605.<br />
Taban M, Memoracion-Peralta DSA, Wang H, Al-Gazali LI, Traboulsi EI.<br />
Cohen syndrome: Report of nine cases and review of the literature, with<br />
emphasis on ophthalmic features. J AAPOS. 2007 Oct;11(5):431-437.<br />
Taban M, Kosmorsky GS, Singh AD, Sears JE. Choroidal folds secondary<br />
to parasellar meningioma. <strong>Eye</strong>. 2007 Jan;21(1):147-150.<br />
Thornton I, Puri A, Xu M, Krueger RR. Low-dose mitomycin C as a<br />
prophylaxis for corneal haze in myopic surface ablation. Am J Ophthalmol.<br />
2007 Nov;144(5):673-681.<br />
Traboulsi EI. Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders and more. J<br />
AAPOS. 2007 Jun;11(3):215-217.<br />
Ufret-Vincenty RL, Singh RP, Lowder CY, Kaiser PK. Cytomegalovirus<br />
retinitis after fluocinolone acetonide (Retisert) implant. Am J Ophthalmol.<br />
2007 Feb;143(2):334-335.<br />
Waheed NK, Young LH. Intraocular foreign body related endophthalmitis.<br />
Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2007 Spring;47(2):165-171.<br />
Wilson SE, Perry HD. Long-term resolution of chronic dry eye symptoms<br />
and signs after topical cyclosporine treatment. Ophthalmology. 2007<br />
Jan;114(1):76-79.<br />
Wilson SE, Chaurasia SS, Medeiros FW. Apoptosis in the initiation,<br />
modulation and termination of the corneal wound healing response. Exp<br />
<strong>Eye</strong> Res. 2007 Sep;85(3):305-311.<br />
Wilson SE, Stulting RD. Agreement of physician treatment practices with<br />
the international task force guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dry<br />
eye disease. Cornea. 2007 Apr;26(3):284-289.<br />
Outcomes 2007 32
Book Chapters<br />
Bollinger K, Smith SD. Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices. In: Henderson<br />
BA, ed. Essentials of cataract surgery. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK; 2007:63-<br />
68.<br />
Chen B, Perry JD, Foster JA. Evaluation of an adult with orbital tumor. In:<br />
Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders<br />
Elsevier; 2007:524-527.<br />
Langston RHS. Fluidics/pumps. In: Henderson BA, ed. Essentials of<br />
cataract surgery. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK; 2007:83-90.<br />
Perry JD. Examination techniques. In: Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic<br />
oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:59-61.<br />
Proffer PL, Foster JA, Perry JD. Evaluation of a child with orbital tumor.<br />
In: Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA:<br />
Saunders Elsevier; 2007:520-523.<br />
Singh AD, Lewis H, Schachat AP, Peereboom D. Lymphoma of the retina<br />
and CNS. In: Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia,<br />
PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:372-377.<br />
Singh RP, Singh AD. Ocular paraneoplastic diseases. In: Singh AD,<br />
ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;<br />
2007:378-384.<br />
Taban M, Perry JD. Examination techniques. In: Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al<br />
ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:505-<br />
506.<br />
Taban M, Perry JD. Classification of orbital tumors. In: Singh AD, ed.<br />
<strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier;<br />
2007:517-519.<br />
Traboulsi EI, Heur M, Singh AD. Tumors of the retinal pigment epithelium.<br />
In: Singh AD, ed. <strong>Clinic</strong>al ophthalmic oncology. Philadelphia, PA:<br />
Saunders Elsevier; 2007:358-365.<br />
33<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Staff Listing<br />
Chairman<br />
Hilel Lewis, MD<br />
Vice Chairman for <strong>Clinic</strong>al Affairs<br />
Andrew P. Schachat, MD<br />
Vice Chairman for Education<br />
Elias I. Traboulsi, MD<br />
Quality Review Officer<br />
Edward J. Rockwood, MD<br />
Surgical Outcomes Team<br />
Scott D. Smith, MD, MPH<br />
Monica Jain, MBBS, MHA<br />
Cornea/External Diseases<br />
William J. Dupps Jr., MD, PhD<br />
Bennie H. Jeng, MD<br />
Roger H.S. Langston, MD<br />
David M. Meisler, MD<br />
Allen S. Roth, MD<br />
Steven E. Wilson, MD<br />
Regional Ophthalmology<br />
Richard E. Gans, MD, FACS<br />
Philip N. Goldberg, MD<br />
Lisa D. Lystad, MD<br />
Shari Martyn, MD<br />
Michael Millstein, MD<br />
Allen S. Roth, MD<br />
David B. Sholiton, MD, FACS<br />
Glaucoma<br />
Edward J. Rockwood, MD<br />
Scott D. Smith, MD, MPH<br />
Keratorefractive Surgery<br />
Ronald R. Krueger, MD<br />
Steven E. Wilson, MD<br />
Neuro-Ophthalmology<br />
Gregory S. Kosmorsky, DO<br />
Lisa D. Lystad, MD<br />
Vitreo-Retinal<br />
Froncie A. Gutman, MD<br />
Peter K. Kaiser, MD<br />
Hilel Lewis, MD<br />
Andrew P. Schachat, MD<br />
Jonathan E. Sears, MD<br />
Rishi P. Singh, MD<br />
Nadia K. Waheed, MD, MPH<br />
Pediatrics/Strabismus<br />
Andreas Marcotty, MD<br />
Elias I. Traboulsi, MD<br />
Oculoplastics<br />
Julian D. Perry, MD<br />
Oncology/<strong>Eye</strong> Tumors<br />
Arun D. Singh, MD<br />
Outcomes 2007 34
Uveitis<br />
Careen Y. Lowder, MD, PhD<br />
Optometry<br />
David Barnhart, OD<br />
Anita Chitluri, OD<br />
Heather L. Cimino, OD<br />
Ann Laurenzi, OD, FAAO<br />
Rosemary Perl, OD<br />
William E. Sax, OD<br />
Mindy Toabe, OD, FAAO<br />
Diane Tucker, OD, FAAO, FCOVD<br />
Research Staff<br />
Joe G. Hollyfield, PhD<br />
Bela Anand-Apte, MD, PhD<br />
Sherry Ball, PhD<br />
Vera Bonilha, PhD<br />
Shyam Chaurasia, PhD<br />
John W. Crabb, PhD<br />
Greg Grossman, PhD<br />
Xiaorong Gu, PhD<br />
Stephanie A. Hagstrom, PhD<br />
35<br />
George Hoppe, PhD<br />
Harmeet Kaur, PhD<br />
Lisa Kuttner-Kondo, PhD<br />
Kwok Peng Ng, PhD<br />
Neal S. Peachey, PhD<br />
Jian Hu Qi, PhD<br />
Mary E. Rayborn, MS<br />
Priyadarshini Senanayake, PhD<br />
Abhijit Roy Sinha, PhD<br />
Jing Xie, PhD<br />
Xianglin Yuan, PhD<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> Anesthesiology<br />
Armin Schubert, MD, MBA, Chairman, General Anesthesiology<br />
Marc Feldman, MD, Section Head<br />
Maria Inton-Santos, MD<br />
J. Victor Ryckman, MD<br />
Sara Spagnuolo, MD<br />
Some physicians may practice in multiple locations. For a detailed list<br />
including staff photos, please visit clevelandclinic.org/staff<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Contact Information <strong>Institute</strong> Locations<br />
General Patient Referral<br />
24/7 hospital transfers or physician consults<br />
800.553.5056<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong> Appointments/Referrals<br />
216.444.2020 or 800.223.2273, ext. 42020<br />
On the Web at clevelandclinic.org/eye<br />
Additional Contact Information<br />
General Information<br />
216.444.2200<br />
Hospital Patient Information<br />
216.444.2000<br />
Patient Appointments<br />
216.444.2273 or 800.223.2273<br />
Special Assistance for Out-of-State Patients<br />
Complimentary assistance for out-of-state patients and families<br />
800.223.2273, ext. 55580, or email medicalconcierge@ccf.org<br />
International Center<br />
Complimentary assistance for international patients and families<br />
800.884.9551 or 001.631.439.1578 or visit clevelandclinic.org/ic<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> in Florida<br />
866.293.7866<br />
For address corrections or changes, please call 800.890.2467<br />
clevelandclinic.org<br />
Main Campus<br />
9500 Euclid Avenue<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong>, OH 44195<br />
Ophthalmology at Beachwood<br />
25101 Chagrin Blvd.<br />
Beachwood, OH 44122<br />
216.831.0120<br />
Ophthalmology at Independence<br />
5001 Rockside Road<br />
Crown Center II<br />
Independence, OH 44131<br />
216.986.4000<br />
Ophthalmology at South Pointe<br />
4110 Warrensville Center Road<br />
Warrensville Heights, OH 44122<br />
216.752.2263<br />
Ophthalmology at Strongsville<br />
16761 SouthPark Center<br />
Strongsville, OH 44136<br />
440.878.2500<br />
Ophthalmology at Twinsburg<br />
2365 Edison Blvd.<br />
Twinsburg, OH 44087<br />
330.963.4843<br />
Outcomes 2007 36
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Overview Online Services<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>, founded in 1921, is a nonprofit multispecialty academic<br />
medical center that integrates clinical and hospital care with research and<br />
education. Today, 1,800 <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> physicians and scientists practice<br />
in 120 medical specialties and subspecialties, annually recording more<br />
than 3 million patient visits and more than 70,000 surgeries.<br />
In 2007, <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> restructured its practice, bundling all clinical<br />
specialties into integrated practice units called institutes. An institute<br />
combines all the specialties surrounding a specific organ or disease<br />
system under a single roof. Each institute has a single leader and focuses<br />
the energies of multiple professionals onto the patient. From access and<br />
communication to point-of-care service, institutes will improve the patient<br />
experience at <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>.<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>’s main campus, with 37 buildings on 140 acres in<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong>, Ohio, includes a 1,000-bed hospital, outpatient clinic, specialty<br />
institutes and supporting labs and facilities. <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> also operates<br />
14 family health centers; eight community hospitals; two affiliate hospitals;<br />
a 150-bed hospital and clinic in Weston, Fla.; and health and wellness<br />
centers in Palm Beach, Fla., and Toronto, Canada. <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Abu<br />
Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), a multispecialty care hospital and clinic, is<br />
scheduled to open in 2011.<br />
At the <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Lerner Research <strong>Institute</strong>, hundreds of principal<br />
investigators, project scientists, research associates and postdoctoral<br />
fellows are involved in laboratory-based research. Total annual research<br />
expenditures exceed $150 million from federal agencies, non-federal<br />
societies and associations, and endowment funds. In an effort to bring<br />
research from bench to bedside, <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> physicians are involved in<br />
more than 2,400 clinical studies at any given time.<br />
In September 2004, <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Lerner College of Medicine of Case<br />
Western Reserve University opened and will graduate its first 32 students<br />
as physician-scientists in 2009.<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> is consistently ranked among the top hospitals in America<br />
by U.S.News & World Report, and our heart and heart surgery program<br />
has been ranked No. 1 since 1995.<br />
For more information about <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>, visit clevelandclinic.org.<br />
37<br />
e<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong><br />
e<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> uses state-of-the-art digital information systems to offer<br />
several services, including remote second medical opinions to patients<br />
around the world; personalized medical record access for patients;<br />
patient treatment progress for referring physicians (see below); and<br />
imaging interpretations by our subspecialty trained radiologists. For more<br />
information, please visit eclevelandclinic.org.<br />
DrConnect<br />
Online Access to Your Patient’s Treatment Progress<br />
Whether you are referring from near or far, DrConnect can streamline<br />
communication from <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> physicians to your office. This<br />
online tool offers you secure access to your patient’s treatment progress at<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong>. With one-click convenience, you can track your patient’s<br />
care using the secure DrConnect website. To establish a DrConnect<br />
account, visit eclevelandclinic.org or email drconnect@ccf.org.<br />
MyConsult<br />
MyConsult Remote Second Medical Opinion is a secure online service<br />
providing specialist consultations and remote second opinions for more<br />
than 600 life-threatening and life-altering diagnoses. The MyConsult<br />
service is particularly valuable for people who wish to avoid the time<br />
and expense of travel. For more information, visit eclevelandclinic.org/<br />
myconsult, email eclevelandclinic@ccf.org or call 800.223.2273,<br />
ext 43223.<br />
<strong>Cole</strong> <strong>Eye</strong> <strong>Institute</strong>
Brights<br />
Neutrals<br />
Secondary colors<br />
pantone 151<br />
Supporting colors<br />
pantone 665<br />
pantone 5807<br />
pantone 3005<br />
pantone 348<br />
Please visit us on the Web at clevelandclinic.org.<br />
pantone black 7<br />
9500 Euclid Avenue, <strong>Cleveland</strong>, OH, 44195<br />
pantone 260 pantone 220 pantone 7406<br />
<strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> is a nonprofit multispecialty academic medical<br />
center. Founded in 1921, it is dedicated to providing quality<br />
specialized care and includes an outpatient clinic, a hospital<br />
with more than 1,000 staffed pantone 7546 beds, pantone 497 pantone an 7533education<br />
institute and<br />
cool gray 9<br />
a research institute.<br />
pantone 393 pantone 380 pantone 150 pantone 305 pantone 204<br />
pantone 705 pantone 5175 pantone 351 pantone 7513 pantone 649 pantone<br />
© The <strong>Cleveland</strong> <strong>Clinic</strong> Foundation 2008<br />
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