Hazardous Chemicals Handbook (pdf) - CCC

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12 TERMINOLOGY initially thought to be harmless and found extensive use, e.g., as propellants because they are largely non-flammable. Some CFCs have since been found to be one of the main sources of atmospheric ozone depletion and a greenhouse gas. Until recently they were used extensively as aerosol propellants, solvents, refrigerants and in foam making. Many countries have now agreed to eliminate CFCs as soon as possible. CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS Hydrocarbons containing chlorine atoms, e.g. trichloroethylene. Some of these chemicals accumulate in the food chain and do not readily degrade. Some plastics which contain certain chlorinated hydrocarbons release dioxins into the air, when burnt at low temperatures. CHRONIC Occurring for a prolonged period. CHRONIC TOXICITY Adverse health effects resulting from repeated daily exposures to a chemical for a significant period. CLASS A FIRE A fire involving solids, normally organic, in which combustion generally occurs with the formation of glowing embers. CLASS A POISON (USA) A toxic gas/liquid of such a nature that a very small amount of the gas, or vapour of the liquid, in air is dangerous to life. CLASS B FIRE A fire involving liquids or liquefiable solids. CLASS B POISON (USA) Any substance known to be so toxic that it poses a severe health hazard during transportation. CLASS C FIRE A fire involving gases or liquefied gases in the form of a liquid spillage, or a liquid or gas leak. CLASS D FIRE A fire involving metals. CNS DEPRESSANT Substances, e.g. anaesthetics and narcotics, which depress the activity of the central nervous system. Symptoms following exposure include headache, dizziness, loss of consciousness, respiratory or cardiac depression, death. CONFINED SPACE A space which is substantially, although not always entirely, enclosed and where there is a reasonably foreseeable risk of serious injury from hazardous substances or conditions within the space or nearby. The risks may include flammable substances; oxygen deficiency or enrichment; toxic gases, fume or vapour; ingress or presence of liquids; free-flowing solids; presence of excessive heat. For the purpose of the Confined Spaces Regulations 1997 a ‘confined space’ means any place, including any chamber, tank, vat, silo, pit, trench, pipe, sewer, flue, well or other similar space in which, by virtue of its enclosed nature, there arises a reasonably foreseeable specified risk. CONTACT DERMATITIS Inflammation of the skin due to exposure to a substance that attacks its surface. CONTROLLED WASTE All household, industrial or commercial waste of any quantity or description. CORROSIVE A substance that chemically attacks a material with which it has contact (body cells, materials of construction). COSHH (CONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH) The Control of Substances <strong>Hazardous</strong> to Health Regulations 1999 establish the responsibilities of employers with regard to all substances which pose a health hazard in the workplace. CRYOGEN A substance used to obtain temperatures far below freezing point of water, e.g. < – 78°C.
TERMINOLOGY 13 CVCE (CONFINED VAPOUR CLOUD EXPLOSION) Explosion of a gas or vapour which is initially ‘confined’ within a vessel, building, piping, etc. DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES (UK) Defined substances which may be hazardous to the fire services in an emergency. (Dangerous Substances (Notification and Marking of Sites) Regulations 1990.) Defined substances over which control is exercised for conveyance in all road tankers or in tank containers >3 m 3 capacity. (The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996.) Defined substances covered by a comprehensive system to inform consumers of potential dangers and to reduce the hazard when carried by road. The Chemical (Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply Regulations 1994). Defined substances, including all toxic gases, all flammable gases, asbestos and most hazardous wastes, for which carriage in packages or in bulk is controlled. (The Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road Regulations 1996). DETONATION Explosion in which the flamefront advances at more than supersonic velocity. DISCHARGE CONSENTS Permission to discharge trade effluent directly into controlled waters is given by the National Rivers Authority in the form of a discharge consent which will specify amounts and conditions. Discharges to public sewers are controlled by discharge consents by one of the ten Water Service Companies. DUST Solid particles generated by mechanical action, present as airborne contaminant (e.g.
Page 1: Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
Page 4 and 5: Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of
Page 6 and 7: vi CONTENTS Effects of particle or
Page 8 and 9: viii CONTENTS 14 Marketing 443 Clas
Page 10 and 11: x PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The
Page 12 and 13: xii PREFACE to chemical safety data
Page 14 and 15: 2 INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Breakdown
Page 16 and 17: 4 INTRODUCTION Table 1.3 Comprehens
Page 18 and 19: 6 INTRODUCTION Table 1.5 Schedule 1
Page 20 and 21: 8 INTRODUCTION Table 1.7 Planning (
Page 22 and 23: 2 Terminology ACID A chemical compo
Page 26 and 27: 14 TERMINOLOGY vapour concentration
Page 28 and 29: 16 TERMINOLOGY MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SE
Page 30 and 31: 18 TERMINOLOGY conferences of the s
Page 32 and 33: 20 TERMINOLOGY UEL, UPPER EXPLOSIVE
Page 34 and 35: 22 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
Page 58 and 59: 46 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY pa = pa′ xa w
Page 60 and 61: 48 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.1 Densi
Page 62 and 63: 50 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Vapour flashing
Page 64 and 65: 52 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY where N is mass
Page 66 and 67: 54 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY where T a is th
Page 68 and 69: 56 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.8 Compa
Page 70 and 71: 58 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.10 Corr
Page 72 and 73: 60 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.12 Solv
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62 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.13 Cont
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64 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.13 Cont
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66 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY If pressure rel
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68 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.1 Classi
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70 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.2 Materi
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72 TOXIC CHEMICALS A summary of the
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74 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.4 Cont
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76 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.6 Some s
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78 TOXIC CHEMICALS 10 6 Boulders 10
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80 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.10 Chemi
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Threshold limit values (TLV) These
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(a) should not be used as an index
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Table 5.13 Adopted biological expos
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Table 5.13 Cont’d METHYL ETHYL KE
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Table 5.14 UK biological monitoring
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Table 5.16 Substances assigned ‘R
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Table 5.16 Cont’d Ethyleneimine E
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Table 5.17 Evaluation of carcinogen
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Table 5.17 Cont’d RISK CONTROL 12
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Table 5.17 Cont’d Non-arsenical i
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Table 5.17 Cont’d 2-(2-Formylhydr
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Table 5.17 Cont’d Uracil mustard
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(e.g. with knock-out and/or scrubbi
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Typical minimum transport velocitie
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Table 5.20 Prohibition of certain s
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Keep test records Keep RPE test rec
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extend with certain exceptions to o
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Table 5.23 Frequency of thorough ex
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Table 5.26 Agents for which health
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Table 5.27 Summary of precautions f
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Long-term exposure to ferric oxide
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The STEL is 200 ppm but extended pe
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(iv) Cyanides As a group, the cyani
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Basic precautions include those in
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Table 5.38 Chlorinated hydrocarbon
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Table 5.40 Routine laboratory preca
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Table 5.43 Common anhydrous acids C
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Table 5.45 Precautions in handling
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Table 5.48 Potential pollutants fro
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Table 5.51 Physical properties of t
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Whilst the causative agent(s) have
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Table 5.54 Precautions to avoid ‘
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Table 5.57 General precautions with
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Monitor effectiveness Assess weldin
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Ammonium chloride fume - 10 - 20 -
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tert-Butyl acetate 200 950 - - 200
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2-Chloroethanol, see Ethylene chlor
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1,2-Dibromoethane, see Ethylene dib
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Dinitolmide - 5 - - - - - - Dinitro
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Ethyl ether 400 1210 500 1520 400 1
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Hydrogen bromide - - C3 C9.9 - - 3
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Inorganic forms including metallic
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Mineral wool fibre - 10 (i) Molybde
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Perlite - 10 (i) Petroleum distilla
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Quinone 0.1 0.44 - - 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.
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Synthetic vitreous fibres Continuou
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Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, see Cyh
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(d) Simple asphyxiant. Some gases a
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6 Flammable chemicals Certain chemi
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198 FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS these are n
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Table 6.3 Sources of ignition Mecha
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Table 6.4 Approximate temperatures
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Table 6.6 Approximate temperatures
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Table 6.7 Cont’d Wood flour Wool
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Table 6.10 Electrochemical series M
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Table 6.11 Control measures for wor
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• The type of hazard - determines
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Table 6.13 General requirements for
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The minimum fire instruction and tr
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n-Amyl alcohol 0.82 3.0 33 300 1-10
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Butyl cellosolve 0.91 4.1 61 244 1.
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Cumene 0.86 4.1 44 424 0.9-6.5 152
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Diethyl sulphate Diglycol, see Diet
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Ethylene chlorohydrin 1.21 2.78 60o
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p-Mentha-1,8-diene 3.84 7.4 45 237
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Nitroethane 1.05 2.58 38 360-415 3.
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Propionitrile 0.77 1.9 2 - 3.1- 97
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Trimethyl amine 0.66 2.0 -7 190 2-1
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Benzoyl peroxide - - - 21 - Berylli
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Copper-zinc, gold bronze 370 190 1.
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Hydrazine acid tartrate 570 0.175 4
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Phthalimide 630 - 0.030 50 89 4800
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Sodium toluene sulphonate 530 - - -
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7 Reactive chemicals From Chapter 3
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230 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.1 Wa
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232 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.3 Va
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234 REACTIVE CHEMICALS (e.g. concen
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236 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.7 At
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238 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.9 Se
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240 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.9 Co
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242 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.11 C
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244 REACTIVE CHEMICALS High e.g. sl
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246 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.14 S
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248 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.17 G
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250 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.20 P
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252 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Incorrect ki
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254 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.22 H
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256 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Erlenmeyer r
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8 Cryogens Cryogenics, or low-tempe
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260 CRYOGENS Table 8.3 General prec
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262 CRYOGENS to liquefy. The triple
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264 CRYOGENS Table 8.6 Effect of ca
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266 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Comp
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268 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Cont
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270 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Cont
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272 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.3 prov
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274 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.4 Phys
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276 COMPRESSED GASES The precaution
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278 COMPRESSED GASES Vapour pressur
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280 COMPRESSED GASES CO + Cl 2 →
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284 COMPRESSED GASES Hydrogen chlor
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286 COMPRESSED GASES • Avoid galv
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292 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.16 Gen
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296 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.20 Phy
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302 COMPRESSED GASES 16 hr per day
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304 COMPRESSED GASES where R 1 and
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308 MONITORING TECHNIQUES Table 10.
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310 MONITORING TECHNIQUES such that
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314 MONITORING TECHNIQUES industria
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Table 10.12 Selected examples of sa
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Table 10.15 Charcoal tube user guid
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Table 10.15 Cont’d Substance Expe
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Table 10.17 Compounds detectable by
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Table 10.17 Cont’d Compound Analy
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Table 10.23 Cont’d Principle Exam
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Table 10.30 Methods for sampling an
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Table 10.30 Cont’d Substance Samp
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386 MONITORING TECHNIQUES Existing
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11 Radioactive chemicals The main c
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392 RADIOACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 11.
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394 RADIOACTIVE CHEMICALS D t = D 0
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12 Safety by design Plant and equip
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398 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.2 Che
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400 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.5 Fea
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402 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.7 Sel
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404 SAFETY BY DESIGN Equipment desi
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406 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.11 Sa
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408 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.12 Ra
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410 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.13 Co
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13 Operating procedures Safety is a
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414 OPERATING PROCEDURES Table 13.1
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418 OPERATING PROCEDURES Work can b
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420 OPERATING PROCEDURES PLANT DETA
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422 OPERATING PROCEDURES CERTIFICAT
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424 OPERATING PROCEDURES • Have e
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426 OPERATING PROCEDURES Calling in
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430 OPERATING PROCEDURES Cuts is un
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436 OPERATING PROCEDURES There are
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442 OPERATING PROCEDURES Monitoring
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444 MARKETING Table 14.1 Legislatio
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446 MARKETING Table 14.2 Indication
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448 MARKETING Table 14.3 ‘Risk’
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450 MARKETING Table 14.3 Cont’d 4
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452 MARKETING Table 14.5 Classifica
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454 MARKETING Table 14.6 Cont’d C
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456 MARKETING Table 14.9 Compatibil
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458 MARKETING • Substances intend
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15 Transport of chemicals Transport
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462 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Legislat
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464 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS • in a
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466 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Table 15
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482 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS water sp
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16 Chemicals and the environment: s
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490 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT:
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17 Chemicals and the environment: m
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514 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT D
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516 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT T
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528 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT A
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530 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT P
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544 CONVERSION TABLES AND MEASUREME
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Emission rates To obtain: g/s g/min
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19 Bibliography It is impractical t
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554 BIBLIOGRAPHY Be Prepared for an
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556 BIBLIOGRAPHY Kletz, T.A. (1989)
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558 BIBLIOGRAPHY Selected statutory
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560 BIBLIOGRAPHY European legislati
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562 BIBLIOGRAPHY 95/50/EC Directive
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564 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2000/166/EC Decisi
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566 BIBLIOGRAPHY European legislati
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568 BIBLIOGRAPHY SI 1989/1149 Contr
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570 BIBLIOGRAPHY Selected decisions
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572 BIBLIOGRAPHY BPM 20 Iron works
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574 BIBLIOGRAPHY EH 65/30 Review of
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576 BIBLIOGRAPHY HS(G)123 Working t
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578 BIBLIOGRAPHY INDG 136 COSHH: a
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580 BIBLIOGRAPHY L73 RIDDOR explain
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582 BIBLIOGRAPHY MDHS 70 General me
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584 BIBLIOGRAPHY SHW 396 Effects of
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586 BIBLIOGRAPHY Publications by th
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588 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS 3951 (Withdrawn
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590 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS EN 54-2 Fire de
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592 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS EN 60079-14 AMD
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594 APPENDIX: SELECTED UK LEGISLATI
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596 APPENDIX: SELECTED UK LEGISLATI
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Absorption: gas, 314 percutaneous,
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systems of work, See Systems of wor
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Gloves, See Hand protection Glutera
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physical properties, 301 precaution
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Spillage, 427, 428, 429 Spontaneous
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