Hazardous Chemicals Handbook (pdf) - CCC

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540 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT Table 17.13 Cont’d Property For consideration Methods Volatility Fire and explosion hazard see Distillation range and Handling and storage Vapour pressure Vapour release Solid wastes Angle of repose Handling and storage Direct measurement Disposal Ash Incineration ASTM methods Radiation methods see Loss on ignition Calorific value Incineration Bomb calorimeter ASTM methods Combustibility (R) Fire hazard Compressibility Disposal Abitrary methods relating changes in bulk density ASTM methods Density (actual) Design of treatment/disposal/ Pyknometer recovery plant Displacement Tabulated ASTM methods Density (bulk) Handling and storage Direct measurement of weight Disposal and volume Bulk density/ash meter ASTM methods Elasticity Handling and storage Tabulated Disposal Experimentation Flowrate (R) Design of treatment/recovery Meters plant Impact flow meter Handling Radiation Hardness Handling Tabulated Design of treatment/recovery ASTM methods plant Experimentation Hygroscopicity Disposal see Water absorption Handling and storage Loss on ignition Incineration Ignition ASTM methods Mineralogy Disposal Examination Potential reuse Oil content Disposal Extraction with solvent Incineration Fire and explosion hazard Particle size distribution Handling and storage Wide range including: Disposal • Holography Design of treatment/recovery • Microscopy plant Sieving Environmental impact ASTM methods (atmosphere dispersion, settling) pH Corrosion Test paper Design of treatment/recovery pH meter plant Titration Physical composition Design of treatment/recovery Examination and observation plant Handling Disposal Porosity Disposal Calculated from bulk density (q.v.)
Table 17.13 Cont’d Property For consideration Methods Solubility Design of treatment/recovery Wide range including: plant • Campbell Environmental impact • Weyl (leaching) Tabulated Volatile matter Fire and explosion hazard Heating Incineration ASTM methods see also Distillation range Water content Handling and storage Drying to constant weight Disposal BS and ASTM methods Range of methods including: • Microwave attenuation • Capacitance • Resistivity • Infra-red absorption • Neutron moderation Water absorption Disposal Experimentation Handling and storage ASTM methods Wettability Design of treatment/recovery Angle of contact related to plant surface tension (q.v.) Sources of test methods: ASTM (American Society of Testing and Materials); IP (Institute of Petroleum); BS (British Standard). Table 17.14 Methods of chemical analysis Method Application MONITORING AND AUDITING 541 Phase Metals Other Inorganic Organic Gas Liquid Solid elements chemicals chemicals Amperometry + + (+) + + Atomic absorption spectrometry + + + Atomic emission spectrometry + (+) (+) + Atomic fluorescence spectrometry + (+) (+) + Conductometry + (+) + + Coulometry + (+) (+) + Electrogravimetry (+) + Electrophoresis + + + Flame photometry + + (+) Gas chromatography (+) + + + (+) Fluorimetry (+) + + + Helium plasma + + + + + Infra-red spectrometry (+) + + + + Isotope dilution + + + + + Mass spectrometry + + + Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (+) + (+) + + Polarimetry + + Polarography + + + + Potentiometry + + + Radioactivity + + + + + Raman spectroscopy + + + + + Spark (emission) spectrograph + + Specific ion electrode + + + + + + Thin layer chromatography + + + Ultraviolet spectrometry (+) + + + Visible light spectrometry + + + X-ray diffraction spectrometry + + + X-ray fluorescence spectrometry + + +
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Hazardous Chemicals Handbook
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Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of
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vi CONTENTS Effects of particle or
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viii CONTENTS 14 Marketing 443 Clas
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x PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The
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xii PREFACE to chemical safety data
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2 INTRODUCTION Table 1.1 Breakdown
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4 INTRODUCTION Table 1.3 Comprehens
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6 INTRODUCTION Table 1.5 Schedule 1
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8 INTRODUCTION Table 1.7 Planning (
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2 Terminology ACID A chemical compo
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12 TERMINOLOGY initially thought to
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14 TERMINOLOGY vapour concentration
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16 TERMINOLOGY MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SE
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18 TERMINOLOGY conferences of the s
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20 TERMINOLOGY UEL, UPPER EXPLOSIVE
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22 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY
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46 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY pa = pa′ xa w
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48 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.1 Densi
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50 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Vapour flashing
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52 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY where N is mass
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54 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY where T a is th
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56 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.8 Compa
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58 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.10 Corr
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60 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.12 Solv
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62 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.13 Cont
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64 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY Table 4.13 Cont
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66 PHYSICOCHEMISTRY If pressure rel
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68 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.1 Classi
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70 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.2 Materi
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72 TOXIC CHEMICALS A summary of the
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74 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.4 Cont
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76 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.6 Some s
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78 TOXIC CHEMICALS 10 6 Boulders 10
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80 TOXIC CHEMICALS Table 5.10 Chemi
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Threshold limit values (TLV) These
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(a) should not be used as an index
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Table 5.13 Adopted biological expos
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Table 5.13 Cont’d METHYL ETHYL KE
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Table 5.14 UK biological monitoring
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Table 5.16 Substances assigned ‘R
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Table 5.16 Cont’d Ethyleneimine E
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Table 5.17 Evaluation of carcinogen
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Table 5.17 Cont’d RISK CONTROL 12
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Table 5.17 Cont’d Non-arsenical i
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Table 5.17 Cont’d 2-(2-Formylhydr
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Table 5.17 Cont’d Uracil mustard
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(e.g. with knock-out and/or scrubbi
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Typical minimum transport velocitie
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Table 5.20 Prohibition of certain s
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Keep test records Keep RPE test rec
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extend with certain exceptions to o
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Table 5.23 Frequency of thorough ex
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Table 5.26 Agents for which health
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Table 5.27 Summary of precautions f
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Long-term exposure to ferric oxide
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The STEL is 200 ppm but extended pe
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(iv) Cyanides As a group, the cyani
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Basic precautions include those in
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Table 5.38 Chlorinated hydrocarbon
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Table 5.40 Routine laboratory preca
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Table 5.43 Common anhydrous acids C
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Table 5.45 Precautions in handling
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Table 5.48 Potential pollutants fro
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Table 5.51 Physical properties of t
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Whilst the causative agent(s) have
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Table 5.54 Precautions to avoid ‘
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Table 5.57 General precautions with
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Monitor effectiveness Assess weldin
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Ammonium chloride fume - 10 - 20 -
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tert-Butyl acetate 200 950 - - 200
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2-Chloroethanol, see Ethylene chlor
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1,2-Dibromoethane, see Ethylene dib
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Dinitolmide - 5 - - - - - - Dinitro
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Ethyl ether 400 1210 500 1520 400 1
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Hydrogen bromide - - C3 C9.9 - - 3
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Inorganic forms including metallic
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Mineral wool fibre - 10 (i) Molybde
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Perlite - 10 (i) Petroleum distilla
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Quinone 0.1 0.44 - - 0.1 0.4 0.3 1.
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Synthetic vitreous fibres Continuou
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Tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, see Cyh
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(d) Simple asphyxiant. Some gases a
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6 Flammable chemicals Certain chemi
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198 FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS these are n
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Table 6.3 Sources of ignition Mecha
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Table 6.4 Approximate temperatures
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Table 6.6 Approximate temperatures
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Table 6.7 Cont’d Wood flour Wool
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Table 6.10 Electrochemical series M
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Table 6.11 Control measures for wor
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• The type of hazard - determines
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Table 6.13 General requirements for
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The minimum fire instruction and tr
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n-Amyl alcohol 0.82 3.0 33 300 1-10
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Butyl cellosolve 0.91 4.1 61 244 1.
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Cumene 0.86 4.1 44 424 0.9-6.5 152
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Diethyl sulphate Diglycol, see Diet
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Ethylene chlorohydrin 1.21 2.78 60o
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p-Mentha-1,8-diene 3.84 7.4 45 237
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Nitroethane 1.05 2.58 38 360-415 3.
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Propionitrile 0.77 1.9 2 - 3.1- 97
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Trimethyl amine 0.66 2.0 -7 190 2-1
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Benzoyl peroxide - - - 21 - Berylli
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Copper-zinc, gold bronze 370 190 1.
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Hydrazine acid tartrate 570 0.175 4
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Phthalimide 630 - 0.030 50 89 4800
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Sodium toluene sulphonate 530 - - -
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7 Reactive chemicals From Chapter 3
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230 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.1 Wa
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232 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.3 Va
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234 REACTIVE CHEMICALS (e.g. concen
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236 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.7 At
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238 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.9 Se
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240 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.9 Co
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242 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.11 C
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244 REACTIVE CHEMICALS High e.g. sl
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246 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.14 S
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248 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.17 G
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250 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.20 P
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252 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Incorrect ki
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254 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 7.22 H
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256 REACTIVE CHEMICALS Erlenmeyer r
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8 Cryogens Cryogenics, or low-tempe
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260 CRYOGENS Table 8.3 General prec
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262 CRYOGENS to liquefy. The triple
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264 CRYOGENS Table 8.6 Effect of ca
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266 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Comp
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268 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Cont
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270 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.1 Cont
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272 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.3 prov
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274 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.4 Phys
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276 COMPRESSED GASES The precaution
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278 COMPRESSED GASES Vapour pressur
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280 COMPRESSED GASES CO + Cl 2 →
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284 COMPRESSED GASES Hydrogen chlor
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286 COMPRESSED GASES • Avoid galv
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292 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.16 Gen
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296 COMPRESSED GASES Table 9.20 Phy
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302 COMPRESSED GASES 16 hr per day
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304 COMPRESSED GASES where R 1 and
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308 MONITORING TECHNIQUES Table 10.
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310 MONITORING TECHNIQUES such that
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314 MONITORING TECHNIQUES industria
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Table 10.12 Selected examples of sa
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Table 10.15 Charcoal tube user guid
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Table 10.15 Cont’d Substance Expe
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Table 10.17 Compounds detectable by
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Table 10.17 Cont’d Compound Analy
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Table 10.23 Cont’d Principle Exam
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Table 10.30 Methods for sampling an
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Table 10.30 Cont’d Substance Samp
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386 MONITORING TECHNIQUES Existing
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11 Radioactive chemicals The main c
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392 RADIOACTIVE CHEMICALS Table 11.
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394 RADIOACTIVE CHEMICALS D t = D 0
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12 Safety by design Plant and equip
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398 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.2 Che
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400 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.5 Fea
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402 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.7 Sel
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404 SAFETY BY DESIGN Equipment desi
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406 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.11 Sa
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408 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.12 Ra
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410 SAFETY BY DESIGN Table 12.13 Co
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13 Operating procedures Safety is a
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414 OPERATING PROCEDURES Table 13.1
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418 OPERATING PROCEDURES Work can b
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420 OPERATING PROCEDURES PLANT DETA
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422 OPERATING PROCEDURES CERTIFICAT
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424 OPERATING PROCEDURES • Have e
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426 OPERATING PROCEDURES Calling in
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430 OPERATING PROCEDURES Cuts is un
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436 OPERATING PROCEDURES There are
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442 OPERATING PROCEDURES Monitoring
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444 MARKETING Table 14.1 Legislatio
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446 MARKETING Table 14.2 Indication
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448 MARKETING Table 14.3 ‘Risk’
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450 MARKETING Table 14.3 Cont’d 4
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452 MARKETING Table 14.5 Classifica
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454 MARKETING Table 14.6 Cont’d C
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456 MARKETING Table 14.9 Compatibil
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458 MARKETING • Substances intend
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15 Transport of chemicals Transport
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462 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Legislat
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464 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS • in a
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466 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS Table 15
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482 TRANSPORT OF CHEMICALS water sp
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16 Chemicals and the environment: s
Page 502 and 503: 490 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT:
Page 524 and 525: 17 Chemicals and the environment: m
Page 526 and 527: 514 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT D
Page 528 and 529: 516 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT T
Page 540 and 541: 528 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT A
Page 542 and 543: 530 CHEMICALS AND THE ENVIRONMENT P
Page 556 and 557: 544 CONVERSION TABLES AND MEASUREME
Page 562 and 563: Emission rates To obtain: g/s g/min
Page 564 and 565: 19 Bibliography It is impractical t
Page 566 and 567: 554 BIBLIOGRAPHY Be Prepared for an
Page 568 and 569: 556 BIBLIOGRAPHY Kletz, T.A. (1989)
Page 570 and 571: 558 BIBLIOGRAPHY Selected statutory
Page 572 and 573: 560 BIBLIOGRAPHY European legislati
Page 574 and 575: 562 BIBLIOGRAPHY 95/50/EC Directive
Page 576 and 577: 564 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2000/166/EC Decisi
Page 578 and 579: 566 BIBLIOGRAPHY European legislati
Page 580 and 581: 568 BIBLIOGRAPHY SI 1989/1149 Contr
Page 582 and 583: 570 BIBLIOGRAPHY Selected decisions
Page 584 and 585: 572 BIBLIOGRAPHY BPM 20 Iron works
Page 586 and 587: 574 BIBLIOGRAPHY EH 65/30 Review of
Page 588 and 589: 576 BIBLIOGRAPHY HS(G)123 Working t
Page 590 and 591: 578 BIBLIOGRAPHY INDG 136 COSHH: a
Page 592 and 593: 580 BIBLIOGRAPHY L73 RIDDOR explain
Page 594 and 595: 582 BIBLIOGRAPHY MDHS 70 General me
Page 596 and 597: 584 BIBLIOGRAPHY SHW 396 Effects of
Page 598 and 599: 586 BIBLIOGRAPHY Publications by th
Page 600 and 601: 588 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS 3951 (Withdrawn
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590 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS EN 54-2 Fire de
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592 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS EN 60079-14 AMD
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594 APPENDIX: SELECTED UK LEGISLATI
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596 APPENDIX: SELECTED UK LEGISLATI
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Absorption: gas, 314 percutaneous,
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systems of work, See Systems of wor
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Gloves, See Hand protection Glutera
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physical properties, 301 precaution
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Spillage, 427, 428, 429 Spontaneous
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