Article. Energy in fokus - from Kyoto to Copenhagen. - AgroTech

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Liisa Särkkä, Eeva-Maria Tuhkanen, Tiina Hovi-Pekkanen and Risto Tahvonen Improving productivity of cucumber, tomato and cut rose in semi-closed greenhouse in Finland Improving M productivity of cucumber, tomato and cut rose in semi-closed greenhouse in Finland TT Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Liisa Särkkä, Production Eeva-Maria Research, Tuhkanen, Toivonlinnan- Tiina Hovi-Pekkanen and Risto Tahvonen tie 518, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland, e-mail MTT liisa.sarkka@mtt.fi Agrifood Research Finland, Plant Production Research, Toivonlinnantie 518, 21500 Piikkiö, Finland, Despite e-mail the good liisa.sarkka@mtt.fi light environment for plants, a year-round greenhouse produc- Despite tion suffers the good from lower light environment yields in summer for plants, a year-round greenhouse production suffers from lower than during yields the in other summer times than of the during year. Tra- the other times of the year. Traditional climate control in the greenhouse ditional climate with control roof vents in the is greenhouse not sufficient and this weakens growth factors. A new cooling system was with developed roof vents allowing is not sufficient the roof and vents this to be closed most of the time. Therefore carbon dioxide concentration could be kept high and both air temperature and air humidity could be controlled in weakens growth factors. A new cooling a proper way. system was developed allowing the roof Cultivation vents to be trials closed were most made of the with time. cucumber, The- tomato and cut roses. In semi-closed greenhouse the yield refore of carbon cucumber dioxide increased concentration in the could first summer by 24 % and in the second summer by 40 % compared be kept to the high traditional and both climate air temperature control (Fig. 1). The reduced need for ventilation in semi-closed greenhouse and air humidity allowed could maintaining be controlled of in constant a higher CO2 concentration (cucumber average 1000 ppm, proper tomato way. and cut rose 700-800 ppm) than in traditional greenhouse (cucumber and cut rose average Cultivation 400 ppm, trials tomato were 500 made ppm) with (Fig. 2). In semi-closed greenhouse, the summer yield (weeks 23-35) cucumber, of tomato and was increased cut roses. In while seminot the spring yield (weeks 13-22). The yield quality of cut roses closed was greenhouse improved the but yield not of the cucumber number of flowers compared to traditional greenhouse. All trials were increased illuminated in the first year summer round by by 24 HPS % and lamps. Moreover, tomato had 31% interlighting of 170 W/m in the second summer by 40 % compared to the traditional climate control (Fig. 1). The reduced need for ventilation in 2 Fig 2. 2. Climate for for cucumber in in the the semi-closed (cooling) (cooling) greenhouse greenhouse and in and the traditional in the greenhouse traditional (control) greenhouse in August (control) as mean values in August of each as mean hours of values the days. of each hours of the days. semi-closed greenhouse allowed maintai- greenhouse (cucumber and cut rose ave- installed lights. ning of constant higher CO concentration rage 400 ppm, tomato 500 ppm) (Fig. 2). 2 (cucumber average 1000 ppm, tomato and In semi-closed greenhouse, the summer Photosynthesis measurements showed that plants benefited from high carbon dioxide concentration. The plant structure was also affected by cut the rose semi-closed 700-800 ppm) greenhouse than in traditional environment. yield (weeks 23-35) of tomato was increased while not the spring yield (weeks Further trials are needed to optimize the greenhouse climate. Our cooling system makes 13-22). it possible The yield quality of cut roses was to find out the most beneficial climates to each plant species for optimal production. improved but not the number of flowers compared to traditional greenhouse. All trials were illuminated year round by HPS lamps. Moreover, tomato had 31% interlighting of 170 W/m2 installed lights. Photosynthesis measurements showed that plants benefited from high carbon dioxide concentration. The plant structure was also affected by the semi-closed greenhouse environment. Further trials are needed to optimize the greenhouse climate. Our cooling system makes it possible to find out the most beneficial climates to each plant species for optimal production. Fig 1. Yield of cucumber in semi-closed (cooling) greenhouse and traditional roof Fig 1. Yield of cucumber in semi-closed (cooling) greenhouse and traditional roof ventilated ventilated greenhouse (control). Summer yield in the first year was from 12 weeks greenhouse (control). Summer yield in the first year was from 12 weeks and second year from 14 and second year from 14 weeks. The lower case shows statistical difference of the weeks. The lower case shows statistical difference of the same classes in different treatments. Block letters same classes show difference in different between treatments. total Block yields. letters show difference between total yields. 42 ENERGY IN FOCUS
Martin Lykke Rytter Jensen and Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, University of Southern Denmark, The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark Oliver Körner, AgroTech, Højbakkegaard Allé 21, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark, Carl-Otto Ottosen, University of Aarhus, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Horticulture, Kirstinebjergvej 10, Postboks 102, DK-5792 Aarslev, Denmark is caused by lack of CO2. The graph also shows the maximum photosynthesis we can expect in the near future (green dashed line). This photosynthesis is continuously calculated based on irradiation data from the most current weather forecast. When a cloudy day is expected, the control system wil automatically turn on artificial light earlier in an attempt to achieve a specified light sum. The PREDICT – A component-based software platform for dynamic climate control grower can use the forecast to see how much artificial light will be needed and potentially adapt the light strategy before it is executed. The transition of this version of the PREDICT software into commercial greenhouses was planned as a three-phase process. In the first phase, the software was tested and demonstrated to growers in a greenhouse research facility. Here, the software gives the growers advice on optimal climate control with respect to production rate. In the second phase, the software was installed at Danish Growers. To start with, the software runs in simulated mode; that is the software only computes the climate set points, it does not effectuate them. The primary purpose of this phase is to allow the growers to become familiar with the software, how it operates, and understand the effect of dynamic climate control. The final phase is active control where the PRE- DICT software takes control of the climate based on overall goals set by the grower. Through the The dynamic model-based development climate of COa new that maximises component-based photosynthesis software at the platform Proven for successful dynamic in climate small setups, control, the the PRE- 2 control concept IntelliGrow DICT has project been has present contributed light level with in the extended greenhouse. knowledge The next of step the was implication to try the of IntelliGrow increasing conthe ab- developed in Denmark since straction 1996. The level result of climate is then control. translated This to set knowledge points appli- is crucial cept in for commercial developing greenhouses. the next Howe- generation of concept aims at improving intelligent the energy climate-control cable by the components. specific climate computer. ver, whereas the original IntelliGrow soft- efficiency of greenhouse production by Combined with temperature integration ware was designed as a research prototype adjusting the greenhouse climate References dynami- control, this optimization reduces the use applicable to an experimental setting, the cally to the present weather Hansen situation. JM, To Ehler of additional N, Karlsen heating P, Høgh-Schmidt of the greenhouse. K, Rosenqvist move towards E. (1996). full-scale A computer production controlled in do so, IntelliGrow incorporates chamber a determisystem The designed concept has for been greenhouse proved to microclimate work in commercial modelling greenhouses and control. required Acta a Hort. new nistic leaf-photosynthesis model 440:310-315. based on climate-chamber experiments (Hansen et software platform. For this reason, the Farquhar et al. (1980) and Gijzen Aaslyng, (1994) J.M., al., Lund, 1996) J.B., as well Ehler, as in N. small and Rosenqvist, greenhouse E. PREDICT (2003) project IntelliGrow: was undertaken a greenhouse in 2006. compo- as presented by Körner (2004) nent-based to ensure climate experiments control with system. many different Environmental cultivars Modelling The primary & goal Software of the 18: PREDICT 657-666 project maximum photosynthetic performance. Gijzen H. By (1994) of pot Ontwikkeling plants (Aaslyng van et al., een 2003), simulatiemodel resul- was voor to provide transpiratie such a en software wateropname platform. en van using this model, it is possible een to integral deter- gewasmodel. ting in energy (Development savings up to 40%, of a depen- simulation A primary model design for transpiration concern of the and PREDICT water uptake mine the combination of temperature and an and integral ding crop on model), the season. AB-DLO, Wageningen, The project Netherlands. focused on advancing pp. 90. the original Farquhar G.D., Von Caemmerer S., Berry J.A. (1980) A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species. Planta 149:78-90. Körner O. (2004) Evaluation of crop photosynthesis models for dynamic climate control. Acta Horticulturae 654:295-302. Figure 1. ENERGY IN FOCUS 43
Page 1 and 2: ENERGY IN FOCUS EnErgy in Focus - F
Page 3 and 4: Jesper Mazanti Aaslyng Head of Depa
Page 5 and 6: nursery ditions for the plants are
Page 7 and 8: greenhouse If screens are used almo
Page 9 and 10: sis is routine, but it is impossibl
Page 11 and 12: Jens Møller Jensen, CTO, Danfoss I
Page 13 and 14: Pottemaskine Pottemaskinen består
Page 15 and 16: A C D ACF F ENERGY IN FOCUS 15 D C
Page 17 and 18: Anker Kuehn, AgroTech, ank@agrotech
Page 19 and 20: Anker Kuehn, AgroTech, ank@agrotech
Page 21 and 22: Energiforbrug Dækmaterialer • Gl
Page 23 and 24: Flemming Ulbjerg • Chief consulta
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2. Dynamic climate control t
Page 27 and 28: The World of Dalina® 2010 Midi+ Ma
Page 29 and 30: Pindstrup products are sold worldwi
Page 31 and 32: carbon footprint CC Container, has
Page 33 and 34: Mini symposium / workshop Intellige
Page 35 and 36: Program Tuesday October 6 9.30 Open
Page 37 and 38: (semi)closed greenhouses with cooli
Page 39 and 40: Janni Bjerregaard Lund, Ole Skov an
Page 41: Timo Kaukoranta and Juha Näkkilä,
Page 45 and 46: Ole Bærenholdt-Jensen, Advisor, Ho
Page 47 and 48: 1 S. Lambrecht, s.lambrecht@fz-juel
Page 49 and 50: Jens Møller Jensen, CTO, Danfoss I
Page 51 and 52: Eva Rosenqvist 1 , Anker Kuehn 2 ,

Article. Energy in fokus - from Kyoto to Copenhagen. - AgroTech

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