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1.2 STATE OF THE ART OF AQUACULTURE PRACTICES<br />

1.2.1 ,Qrigin_and_growth 5 florld wide andkegj<strong>on</strong>al<br />

8<br />

Fish culture practice is centuries old. Ift is believed that<br />

fish culture as an occupati<strong>on</strong> originated in China in 2000 B.C.<br />

Nevertheless the first record <strong>of</strong> it appeared in the <strong>for</strong>m <strong>of</strong> a book "The<br />

classic <strong>of</strong> Fish culture" by Fan Lei in 475 B.C. where in he cited the<br />

fish p<strong>on</strong>ds as the source <strong>of</strong> his wealth (Ling, 1977). In India, the<br />

traditi<strong>on</strong>al fish culture has got a history <strong>of</strong> well over 2000 years. It<br />

appears to have been originated by a small secti<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> the populati<strong>on</strong> as<br />

a IHGHHS <strong>of</strong> their livelihood. ‘Kautilya' had also described fish<br />

culture in 'Arthasastra' released in 300 B.C. -— an epic <strong>of</strong> Indian<br />

culture <strong>of</strong> those days. Emperor Asoka had also given ample coverage <strong>for</strong><br />

fish culture in the Sthoopas erected by him all over the empire during<br />

his time. A.reference to fish culture is also presented in the book<br />

'Manaso11asu' written by King Someswara in 1127 A.D. (Men<strong>on</strong>, 1970).<br />

All the above indicated that man has been associated with fish<br />

culture at least <strong>for</strong> a period <strong>of</strong> 4000 years. Since then, the trial and<br />

error method <strong>of</strong> fish culture has taken its own course in different<br />

countries during its l<strong>on</strong>g history to take the present shape. It is<br />

well established in many <strong>of</strong> the developed and developing countries.<br />

Eventhough aquaculture has a traditi<strong>on</strong> <strong>of</strong> about 4000 years, the<br />

shrimp culture <strong>practices</strong> as witnessed today is <strong>on</strong>ly two decades old.<br />

According to Ling (1977), <strong>on</strong>e <strong>of</strong> the possibilities <strong>of</strong> aquaculture<br />

development from ancient practice is from trapping fish, with the<br />

operati<strong>on</strong>s steadily improving from trapping —-holding to trapping—holding<br />

-—- growing and finally into complete husbandry <strong>practices</strong>.<br />

Philippines has been practising it <strong>for</strong> about 300-400 years (FAD, 1989).<br />

Shrimp culture development has been very recent in Australia,<br />

Newzealand and the Pacific island countries (Rabanal, 1988). Shrimp<br />

culture is practised in well over 51 countries (Bob Rosenberry, 1991).

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