The Economic Importance Of Marine Angler Expenditures In

information on the types of camping equipment items
purchased by anglers precluded the ability to distinguish
among manufacturers. 4 For more information
about the potential biases associated with aggregation,
readers are referred to the IMPLAN Professional User’s
Guide (Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc., 1997).
Grocery store purchases by anglers were distributed to
IMPLAN sectors according to the Bureau of Economic
Analysis’ 1998 national average expenditure pattern for
food purchased for off-premise consumption (i.e., groceries).
This expenditure pattern consists of approximately
50 food processing and agricultural producing
sectors that represent the average grocery list.
State-level impacts were estimated for sales, income,
employment, and taxes. Sales reflect total dollar sales
generated from expenditures by anglers in each state.
Income represents wages, salaries, benefits, and proprietary
income generated from angler expenditures.
Employment includes both full-time and part-time
workers and is expressed as total jobs. Finally, taxes
denote the income received by federal and state/local
governments.
Although direct, indirect, and induced effects associated
with angler expenditures were estimated for
non-residents and residents in each state, spending by
resident anglers on any recreation-related activity, such
as fishing, is internalized in an input-output model.
Therefore, resident expenditures for fishing were removed
from the state-level models prior to constructing
multipliers, to avoid overestimating impacts. This
technique enabled the contribution of angler expenditures
by residents to be modeled in the same manner
as non-residents.
Economic impact results
The economic impacts of anglers’ expenditures are presented
in three separate regional sections and a section
for the entire U.S. In each regional section, the findings
are presented by state and aggregate impacts across
regions are provided in the U.S. section. For each state,
there are six tables of data. The first table summarizes
the total economic impacts attributable to recreational
fishing by resident status, and indicates the direct,
indirect, and induced impacts on sales, income, and
employment for resident and non-resident anglers.
The second, third, and fourth tables separately detail
the impacts on sales, income, and employment,
4 Another option would have been to apportion anglers’ expenditures
to each of the disaggregated IMPLAN sectors according to the
shares of total production. However, this procedure would also have
introduced measurement error if the output shares were not directly
commensurate with the types of items purchased by anglers.
4
respectively. Each of these tables distinguishes between
impacts generated from trip expenditures and those
generated from equipment and durable purchases. In
the fifth table, the total economic impacts generated
from saltwater fishing trip expenditures by mode and
resident type are summarized. This table excludes the
impacts of fishing equipment purchases and other durable
items that could be used for multiple trips since
these could not be linked to a particular mode of fishing.
The final table for each state shows the estimated
revenue received by federal and state/local governments
from angler purchases. These estimates are based
on data available in IMPLAN’s social accounting matrix,
which tracks monetary flows between industries and
institutions (e.g., households, government, investment,
and trade). The rows of the table depict the types of
tax payments and the institutions (corporations, federal
government, state/local government) that receive
them, while the columns represent the different institutions
making each type of tax payment. Employee compensation,
enterprise, and indirect business taxes are
paid by businesses, while taxes on proprietary income
and household expenditures are paid by individuals.
The total amount of taxes paid must equal the total
amount of taxes received for each state. Public officials
and other interested readers concerned with the appropriate
interpretation and use of these estimates are
encouraged to review IMPLAN’s method for producing
tax estimates in Olson 5 .
Northeast Region results
Resident impacts were higher than those of non-residents
in all of the coastal states. In fact, the impacts of
expenditures by residents were approximately two to
five times greater than their non-resident counterparts.
In Massachusetts for example (Table 26), the $420.6
million in retail purchases by resident anglers in 1998 6
generated a total of $297.5 million in sales as follows:
$191.8 million in sales for the direct sectors in Massachusetts
($105.7 million was transferred to out-of-state
producers of goods and services purchased in Massachusetts),
$40.9 million in sales for the indirect sectors,
5 Olson, D. C. 1999. Using social accounts to estimate tax impacts. Paper
presented at the Mid-Continent Regional Science Association
Meeting. Minneapolis. Minnesota IMPLAN Group, Inc. 1725 Tower
Dr. W., Suite 140, Stillwater, MN 55082.
6 Total expenditures by resident anglers in Massachusetts in 1998
approached $781 million in Steinback and Gentner (2001). However,
that estimate of expenditures did not distinguish between purchases
made at the retail level and those made through householdto-household
sales. Household-to-household sales of merchandise
are considered transfer payments from one household to another
and generate no economic impacts. Therefore, in this paper, we
removed those household-to-household sales associated with used
boats and vehicles prior to generating economic impacts.