Micropropagation and medicinal properties of Barleria greenii

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5.3.2.2 Antifungal activity Opportunistic fungal infections such as candidiasis caused by C. albicans, have been reported to be common especially among immunocompromised persons with AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) all over the world (MOTSEI et al., 2003; SHAI et al., 2008). Table 5.5 shows the antifungal activity of extracts from different parts of Barleria species against C. albicans. In general, all the extracts demonstrated fungistatic activity against C. albicans. The MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.78 to 9.375 mg/ml while the MFC ranged from 1.17 to 12.5 mg/ml. The EtOH extracts had the highest MID and MFD in all cases. The PE, DCM and EtOH extracts of B. greenii leaves had higher inhibitory activity compared to similar extracts of the stems. In the same vein, the leaf EtOH extract of B. greenii had the highest MID compared to all other extracts and demonstrated a fungicidal activity similar to the EtOH extracts of its roots and stems. The fungistatic activity of B. greenii leaf EtOH extract was also higher than the EtOH extract of its stems or roots. These results suggest the potential of B. greenii leaves in plant part substitution. The leaves can be sustainably harvested for medicinal purposes without the destructive harvesting of the roots which could threaten the survival of this already rare plant species (ZSCHOCKE et al., 2000b; MATU and VAN STADEN, 2003). The antifungal activity of H. hystrix extracts against C. albicans is presented in Table 5.6. All the extracts showed inhibitory activity with MIC ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 mg/ml. With the exception of stem EtOH extract (the MFC of which was not observed within the concentration range tested), all the extracts evaluated generally demonstrated a moderate fungicidal activity against C. albicans. The EtOH extracts had the highest MID compared to PE and DCM extracts. The EtOH extracts similarly had the highest MFD (except stem EtOH extract) compared to PE and DCM extracts. Although the PE and DCM extracts of the whole plant had the same MFC as the stem extracts, the inhibitory activities of the whole plant PE and DCM extracts were higher than that of the stem or the root. This observation possibly suggests the presence of fungistatic agents, likely acting in an additive manner in the whole plant extract compared to their individual inhibitory action in the stem or root extract. 107
Table 5.5: Antifungal activity of crude extracts from different parts of three Barleria species against Candida albicans Plant species Plant part Extract Minimum inhibitory Minimum fungicidal Minimum inhibitory Minimum fungicidal concentration (MIC) (mg/ml) concentration (MFC) (mg/ml) dilution (MID) (ml/g) dilution (MFD) (ml/g) B. prionitis Stems PE 3.125 4.688 1.158 0.772 DCM 3.125 4.688 5.050 3.366 EtOH 6.250 6.250 8.947 8.947 Roots PE 4.688 4.688 0.478 0.478 DCM 2.343 4.688 1.417 0.708 EtOH 6.250 6.250 6.848 6.848 B. greenii Leaves PE 7.813 12.500 2.768 1.730 DCM 0.975* 9.375 7.928 0.825 EtOH 3.515 9.375 58.506 21.936 Stems PE 9.375 12.500 1.873 1.405 DCM 6.250 12.500 1.213 0.606 EtOH 6.250 9.375 13.606 9.071 Roots PE 3.125 4.688 0.998 0.666 DCM 3.125 3.125 1.574 1.574 EtOH 6.250 9.375 21.269 14.179 B. albostellata Leaves PE 4.688 6.250 11.817 8.864 DCM 1.170 4.688 15.949 3.980 EtOH 4.688 6.250 49.714 37.29 Stems PE 0.780 1.560 5.103 2.551 DCM 0.780 1.170 4.487 2.991 EtOH 3.125 3.125 16.979 16.979 Amphotericin B (µg/ml) 0.048 0.193 *Values boldly-written are considered very active (< 1 mg/ml). 108
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MICROPROPAGATION AND MEDICINAL PROP
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2.1.4 Stage II: Proliferation or mu
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Chapter 5 Pharmacological and phyto
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STUDENT DECLARATION Micropropagatio
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FACULTY OF SCIENCE & AGRICULTURE DE
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AMOO, S.O., FINNIE, J.F. and VAN ST
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LIST OF FIGURES Chapter 1 Figure 1.
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Figure 5.2: Anti-inflammatory activ
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LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table 2.1:
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS [3G]BA 6-Benz
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PE Petroleum ether PEPC Phosphoenol
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status. Being a dwarf species, very
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activities shown by H. hystrix extr
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During this same period, these auth
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dark pink with magenta streaks on t
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traditional medicine (muthi) among
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1.5 Aims and objectives Endemic and
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2.1 Micropropagation 2.1.1 Introduc
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their constituent cells (MURASHIGE,
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media are sterile, the explants mai
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plants is higher (MURASHIGE, 1978)
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adventitious roots are produced wit
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DEBERGH and MAENE (1981) therefore
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cytokinins as well as these major e
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Auxins are known to play a crucial
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6-Benzyladenine (BA) 6-Furfurylamin
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STADEN and DREWES, 1992), the relat
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growth and development throughout t
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HASEGAWA et al (1973) reported a co
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Table 2.1 continued Plant species E
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2.2 Pharmacological and phytochemic
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filamentous fungi (such as Fusarium
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PGI2, PGF2α, are known to sensitiz
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Many researchers have reported anti
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inclusion of antioxidant and free r
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activity of gallotannins from Mangi
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3.1 Introduction Chapter 3 In vitro
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with 30 g l -1 sucrose, 0.1 g l -1
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andomised and maintained in a growt
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3.3.1 Explant decontamination Figur
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Micropropagation and medicinal properties of Barleria greenii

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