615611 Electronics Workshop 2 Manual - Thames & Kosmos

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Assembly Instructions The Consoles We’ll begin with the assembly of the two consoles as shown in Assembly Image 1 . Connect the bottom sections (070 407) with two connector pins from Bag 2 (001 006) and insert the hinges of the top sections – console 1 (070 207), to the right when viewed from the rear, and console 2 (070 307), to the left – into those of the bottom sections . Next, insert one cap from component tree 1 (004 012) into the left hinge connecting the top and bottom sections and one into the right . Connect the center piece with the hinge pin from component tree 2 (004 022) by simply inserting it from the left or the right through the center hinge . Next, the two top sections are connected with the two remaining connector pins to form a single unit . You can use the roomy belly of the experiment console to safely store parts that are not needed right away . For some of the experiment, you will need to use the consoles separately (e .g . for the remote-control experiments with the infrared emitter and the phototransistor) . In these cases, you will remove the connector pins from the top and bottom sections and pull out the center hinge pin . 2 Assembly Image 1. Assembly of the experiment console. Then you can replace the hinge pin with the two remaining caps, one for each console . That way, you end up with two separate fully-functional experiment consoles . Assembly Image 3. This is how the completely outfitted experiment consoles will look. 1 LED LWL OSMOS The Connector Clips Insert the connector clips (000 612) into the consoles as shown in Assembly Image 2 . They are for inserting components, modules, and wire bridges, securing them in place, and creating an electrical connection between individual parts . Assembly Image 2. Insert the contact clips into the recesses until you hear a click. The variable capacitor and the potentiometers Before installing the variable capacitor and the potentiometers, remove the “LWL” and “LED” fasteners from consoles 1 and 2 and set them aside in a safe place, because you will need them later for the optoelectronic experiments . 4000.1 Now install the variable capacitor (000 143) in console 1 and the potentiometers (001 004 and 001 011) in console 2 . Orient the terminal connections of the variable capacitor and potentiometers toward the contact clips, as shown below in Assembly Image 5 . 1 LED LWL LWL KOSMOS LED KOSMOS KOSMOS Assembly Image 4. Carefully twist the “LWL” and “LED” plastic pieces from the consoles and cut off the burrs. LWL LED 2 11
Hence the name DRAM for such memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, dynamic random-access memory) . In the process, a little more light is shed on our introductory experiment: Whatever the gate capacitors have captured, they will retain, until the injection of a “charge voltage” from outside, via the large “environmental capacitor .” Smooth transitions As a real all-around player, our MOSFET has command of both digital and analog domains . Our next experiment will demonstrate that . 117 . First, rearrange the last layout a little (Figure 164), and then play around with the switches 117 again . Don’t let the sun shine directly onto the table while you do this . If you are willing to watch everything nice and slowly, exchange C1 for a 100-µF model . When Ta1 is closed, LED 1 gradually gets brighter, while it gets gradually darker again if you press Ta2 . Every intermediate state is possible by letting go of the switch . And it holds for a pretty long time – so it’s a sort of analog memory . The brightness of the LED is a measure of the charge stored in the capacitor . Circuits that can be used to adjust lights to any desired level of brightness are called dimmer switches . 118 66 118 . After removing both switches, you can just use your fi ngertips as contact resistors . If the upper electrodes are bridged, it gets (and stays) bright; if the lower circuit is closed, it quickly gets dark . You have discovered the sensor dimmer . Figure 163. Analog memory, or dimmer switch: C1 holds each intermediate state of brightness of LED 1. Figure 164. Layout for Figure 163. Electrolytic capacitors are ideal capacitor types . Something (current) is always fl owing . Granted, only a few microamperes, but that means the charge is only slowly dissipated . While fi lm capacitors are cheaper, they show a considerably smaller capacity for an equivalent volume . Our 0 .1-µF model doesn’t give you much time for dimming . The best thing is to tap just briefl y on the contact clips . The whole business really behaves in a rule-governed manner, with the time constant, the product of R and C, determining how fast this kind of charging or discharging process proceeds . Figure 165. Sensor dimmer: Changing the charge with your fi ngertip. Figure 166. Layout for Figure 165. 119 . Let’s go back again to the voltage divider trick at the source, and assemble the sensor dim- 119 mer according to Figure 165 . In this process, gate 2 is always used separately . Bridge the two upper contact clips and turn P2 to a desired maximum brightness below the highest attainable level . Now you can’t make it any brighter with the dimmer switch, no matter how often you go back and forth between light and dark . (Water analogy: If the main faucet is not completely open, you save water!) A breath of dampness Since we’re talking about water: The following experiment will not quite be able to give you an exact reading of relative humidity, but it can still tell you something about the water content of the air . 120 . Let’s reassemble a self-blocking MOSFET based on Figure 167 . The new thing in this 120 circuit is the comb-like sensor from the experiment kit box . Be absolutely sure to install it in the right orientation, or LED 1 will shine non-stop! (The “teeth” have to run from positive to the gate; if you insert it wrong, there will be a bridge between positive and gate!) As long as you’re not standing in the rain, LED 1 will be dark at fi rst . Now breathe forcefully onto the sensor . The result is not too impressive, but still – you should be able to see a brief weak glimmer .
Page 2 and 3: The Components Electronics Workshop
Page 4 and 5: The connection pins are used to con
Page 6 and 7: V R T nd and N N The phototransisto
Page 8 and 9: D2 D2 D3 D3 GND C p n p E GND Digit
Page 12 and 13: Figure 167. Good for the weather st
Page 14: 23 Playground (I) Let’s play a li

615611 Electronics Workshop 2 Manual - Thames & Kosmos

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