615611 Electronics Workshop 2 Manual - Thames & Kosmos

V
R
T
nd and N N
The phototransistor + + is a sensitive light sensor . It DGe
DGe has just two terminals, the emitter + + (abbrevi-
C
ated “E”) and C
A K
the collector (“C”) . The basic control takes place with light rather than A D
AMP A AMP electrical
–
Ge
current . When light falls on the transparent housing, the phototransistor becomes – conductive
E E
between the collector and the emitter . When installing it, you have to pay attention K to its direction
. The collector A A C is identified by a flattened section on the edge of the housing and by a
D DE EFF shorter terminal wire . In the diagrams, the phototransistor is labeled “TF” .
DD
P P
Ge Ge
EP
EP EP
K K
Optical fiber can conduct light without letting it Cescape
C out to the sides . You can even use it to
C C
guide light around a corner . Optical fibers play an important role in telecommunications . Simi-
LED 1
A A
A
larly to fiber optic cable, you can use optical fibers DSi DSi to achieve a large bandwidth and transmit a
AA A K KK
DD
lot of channels at one time . A lot of experiments can be performed with optical fiber together
Ta Ta
Si Si
with the infrared emitter and phototransistor . LED The LED 2 optical fiber is sometimes labeled LED “LWL .”
A A
LED LED
K K
C C
C C
SP SP
C C
Potentiometer terminal wires connected
ent in duplicate E E . There is just one of each
to
Double of the
to contact
variable other
contact clips G,
capacitor two terminals, B (= base) and C (= collec-
G, H, H, and and I I
B HS HS
tor) . You can think of the transistor as an connected adjustable to clips A, resistor, B, and C
TF TF
with the resistance between the
collector A Aand emitter C C terminals being controllable EP EP by the base terminal . In a certain sense, then,
the base terminal E Eis
like a dial that you turn to LED LED 3adjust
3 the resistance . Of course, EP you EP A A don’t actually
turn it with your A hand, but with electrical current!
DSi
A A K K
A K V VB
B
D
LED
+
A K
LED
+ Si
A K
A A
IR-LED IR-LED
K K
AMP
– – K
+
C C
LED 1
B B C C
E E
324
Ta Ta
–
p p
A K
n n
p p
B B T T
pnp pnp LED 2
E E LED LED 1 1E
E
A A
P P
E E
A K
A A K K
OP
A
DSi
A K
D
Si
K
+
324
– OP
onnected nected
F
onnected nected
d I
1
6
2
R R
C
+ 5V + 5V D1 D1
C
Photo Speaker Assembly terminal wires Circuit diagram SP SP symbol
connected D2 to to contact D2 clips M and and NN
4
3
AMP
AMP
E
E
–
–
E E CC
Potentiometer terminal wires connected
to to contact clips D, D, E, E, and and F
R R
F
Ta
This is a field effect Si Si transistor with two control terminals (dual gate) . You can use it for some
interesting applications, from sensor dimmer through 555 DRAM 555
– – + +
computer memory cell .
TF C CTF
A
A
V
V
+
+
X XDGe
DGe
A A K K
G GH HII A – B – C
Potentiometer terminal wires connected
V V
C C
E E
K K
K
+ +
C C
C
The transistor module has an NPN transistor soldered onto the small plate with four terminal
BB T T
K K
connections . Terminal E (= emitter) of the transistor, which itself has just three terminals, is pres-
6
1
+
A C K KC
B C
E + +
E
2
–
4 3
1
6
EP
A
+
TF TF
C
Ta
B T
+ A+
A
E
x HS x HS
D D
– –
A Ge C CGe
4024 LED LED 2 2 4024
+ +
The R PNP transistor R works Rjust
like the R NPN transistor, 324 324except
with reversed polarity OP OP.
+
C
C
–
A A
KC
K
D D
1
4
1
1 2
5
2
2 3
6
3
3 4
7
4
4 5
5
5 6
6
6 7
7
7
14
11
14
14 13
10
13
13 12
9
12
12 11
8
11
11 10
10
10 9
9
9 8
8
8
IN
IN
PCO
PCO
+
+
– –
OUT
OUT
VCO
VCO
G GH HI I
+ 9V
+ 9V
E
E OUT 1
COUT
1
C
E
E OUT 2
COUT
2
C
IN 1
IN 1 2
IN 32
IN 43
IN 4
0V
0V
– 9V
– 9V
2
+
PCO + IN
PCO IN
P P
4
Solar Solar
B B
MM
IN IN
3
VCO OUT
VCO OUT
PLL
R PLLVCI
R – VCI
–
NTC NTC
there are two ways of adjusting the resonant circuit frequency, with the coil or with NTC NTC the variable
HS HS
PLL
PLL
The L module consists of a coil with two windings and several terminals, or so-called taps . It represents
the counterpart to the capacitor, together with which it creates a resonant circuit that
can be set to a certain frequency .
The effect of the coil can be strengthened or weakened by turning an adjustable iron core with
a screwdriver . When the core is screwed in, the frequency of the resonant circuit is lower . So
capacitor .
+
C
–
GND
+
C
C
GNDD3
Dig
C
7
8
6
9
K1
OUT
555
6
6
1
1
+
+
5
10
– +
CTRL R
–
–
+
+
K2 DIS
–
K2 DIS
555
K1 OUT
D3
Dig
Ta
Ta
–
A A K K
B B C C
G2D A AB BCC 2
2
–
4
1
5
2
6
3
7
4
11
14
10
13
9
12
8
11
–
–
VCI
VCI
R
R
4 3
4 3
3
12
3
G2D E E E E
G1
S MOSFET
G1
MOSFET
+
C
Double variable capacitor
connected to to clips clips A, A, B, B, and and C C
+ +
G H I
G H I
K1 OUT
CTRL R –
–
R
2
P
CLK
1
4024 +
1
1
R R
LED LED
K K
– –
14
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
14
Q7
– Q1
7
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Q6
Q7
–
7
6
14
5
4
13
3
12
S
2
13
G2
G1
1
14
1
9
3
12
11
D
S
2
R
4
K1 OUT
+
–
CTRL R
555
K2 DIS
– +
C C
E E
D
B B
G2
T T
G1
E E
S
6
6
5
P
A A C C
K2
DIS
2
2
555
CLK
1
4024 +
6
9
12
11
CTRL
R
+
4
4
3
3
Ta
B C
Phototransistor
002 159
Optical fiber
324 324
000 676
+ 9V
+ 9V
– –
Potentiometer terminal wires connected
D DE EFF to contact clips G, H, and I
G GHHII Dual gate MOSFET
E
(n-channel)
042 956
LED LED 3 3
AA KK
D E F
AA KK
IR-LED
B B C C
Potentiometer terminal wires connected
p p
to contact n clips n D, E, and F
p p
E E E E
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
14
14
13
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
9
9
8
8
IN
IN
PCO
PCO
+
+
+ +
E
E OUT 1
COUT
1
C
E
E OUT 2
COUT
2
C
+ + HS HS
X X TF
TF
– – E C
OUT
OUT
PLL
PLL
VCO
VCO
NPN transistor
module
2 pieces
043 006
Ta
AMP
E
–
E
E
+
+
1–IN
1–IN
NTC NTC
A
–
–
G H I
VCI
VCI
R
R
IN 2
IN 2
IN 3
IN 3
IN 4
IN 4
0V
0V
– 9V
– 9V
7
V
+
Speaker DSi
DSi terminal wires
connected A to to contact clips K Kclips
M M and and N N
PNP transistor
module LED 1
A
A K
2 pieces
LED 2
043 066
A K
B C
E E
L module
000 144
AMP
AMP
–
–
M MN N
TF TF
E E C C
A
A
V
V
+
+
Potentiometer terminal wires wires connected
to to contact clips clips D, D, E, E, and and F F
Ta
DSi DSi
A A K K
A
LED
K
C
B T B T
G GH HI I
Potentiometer terminal wires wires connected
to to contact clips clips G, G, H, H, and and I I
Ta
LED
K
C
E