environmental management and monitoring for ... - Eventkultur.lab

ENVIRONMENTAL 

MANAGEMENT AND 

MONITORING 

FOR SPORT EVENTS 

AND FACILITIES 

A PRACTICAL TOOLKIT FOR MANAGERS 

Prepared for 

Department of Canadian Heritage 

Sport Canada 

By 

Green & Gold Inc. 

March 1999

Table of Contents 

INTRODUCTION 3 

IDENTIFYING THE ISSUES 4 

Issues Common to Major Games and Championships 4 

Issues for Major Games Entailing Facilities Construction 7 

DEVELOPING AN ACTION PLAN 8 

Environmental Management Systems 8 

Selecting Relevant Issues 10 

Elements of a Basic Action Plan 11 

Elements of a Comprehensive Action Plan 12 

Implementing the Action Plan 14 

Case Studies 16 

HOW TO MONITOR AND DOCUMENT RESULTS 19 

What are Environmental Performance Indicators? 19 

Selecting Appropriate Indicators 21 

Indicator Categories 22 

Proposed Environmental Performance Indicators 22 

Case Studies 24 

RESOURCES AND CONTACTS 27 

APPENDIX A: A GENERAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 30 

APPENDIX B: PROPOSED ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 36 

APPENDIX C: ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES - SYDNEY OLYMPIC GAMES 48 

APPENDIX D: CANADA GAMES COUNCIL'S ENVIRONMENTAL BID CRITERIA 54 

APPENDIX E: THE 1997 RYDER CUP AND VALDERRAMA 57 

Managing and Monitoring Environmental Performance of Sports Events and Facilities 

2

Introduction 

There is increasing recognition within the sport sector of the economic, health 

and environmental benefits of practising better environmental management. 

This has highlighted the need for tools to assist decision-makers. These 

valuable tools will help in setting priorities, improving performance and 

measuring performance in areas such as: resource consumption, emission of 

various pollutants, generation and disposal of waste and reduction of 

environmental risks. 

This Toolkit is designed as an important contribution to the growing library of 

materials available; an introductory resource that supplements some of the 

more detailed resources. The focus of this Toolkit is on helping sports 

decision makers (principally event organisers, bid groups and facilities 

operators) to identify their key environmental issues, develop strategies to 

tackle them, set targets to focus their efforts, monitor progress and use the 

available information for continual improvement. 

The Toolkit is divided into several sections, answering some precise questions: 

1. What are the main environmental health and performance issues? 

2. What steps can be taken to address these issues? 

3. What are Environmental Performance Indicators, and how can they be 

effectively used to improve management and performance? 

4. What illustrative examples and case studies exist? 

5. What further resources and contacts exist? 

Sports events and facilities come in many forms, and regional conditions can 

vary dramatically. This Toolkit has therefore been designed to help the user 

understand their own priority issues and develop their own strategies and 

performance indicators. 

The Toolkit has been developed primarily to serve two categories of users: (i) 

major international and national games held in Canada; and (ii) single sport 

world and national championships held in Canada. Despite this primary 

focus, however, it will be equally useful to smaller event organisers and 

facilities operators. 


3

Identifying the Issues 

In order to manage and improve the environmental performance of a sports 

event, it is essential to have a general understanding of the most relevant 

issues. Many of the environment and health issues applicable to major games 

and single sport championships will be the same. Accordingly, this section 

begins with those shared issues and concludes with those issues that will be 

primarily, if not exclusively, relevant to major international games which 

frequently entail construction of new, purpose-built and typically permanent 

facilities. 

Issues Common to Major Games and Championships 

Air quality 

The air quality issue has two aspects: 

i. Protecting the health and performances of athletes by ensuring that air 

(both outdoor and indoor) is as safe and clean as possible. This entails 

choosing locations and times when air is the least polluted as well as 

working with local authorities (outdoor) to take steps to minimise 

pollution, and preventing indoor air from becoming contaminated by a 

range of pollutants and irritants such as solvents, formaldehyde from 

glues, tobacco smoke, etc. 

ii. Minimising the contribution of sports events to air pollution by 

controlling or eliminating the release of pollutants such as exhaust 

smoke from heating plants, vehicles and generators, and pesticide 

spraying. 

Water quality 

Like air quality, the water quality issue has two aspects: 

i. Protecting the health and performances of athletes by ensuring that 

water (both outdoor and indoor) is as safe and clean as possible. This 

entails choosing locations and times when open water is the least 

polluted as well as working with local authorities to take steps to 

minimise water pollution. Indoor water (pools) must similarly be safe 

from infectious disease but at the same time not be so heavily chemicalladen 

as to put athletes at risk from overexposure to chemicals. 


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ii. Minimising the contribution of sports events to water pollution by, for 

example, controlling or eliminating the release of polluted water from 

sports facilities, limiting soil erosion into rivers and lakes, and 

preventing pesticides and fertilizers from leaching into ground and 

surface water. 

Land and Water Use 

Sports events and the facilities designed to host them can be substantial 

consumers of land and water. If new sports facilities are built on land that 

is valuable as wildlife habitat, urban green space, protected wilderness or 

for agriculture, it can have a negative environmental impact. Similarly, 

events and facilities, which take place on water, can contribute to erosion, 

destruction of habitat and disturbance of nesting/breeding grounds. Many 

sports also consume large quantities of water (i.e. golf courses, pools, ice 

surfaces, snowmaking for skiing), contributing to water scarcity. 

However, through good planning and appropriate choices, sports 

events/facilities can contribute to the rehabilitation of otherwise polluted 

or abandoned land and polluted bodies of water. Urban industrial sites and 

closed landfills have actually been turned into the sites of sports fields and 

even major events. 

Waste Management 

A typical byproduct of major events is a major amount of waste. Waste can 

be generated by participants and spectators through event-related activities 

such as the consumption of food and a wide range of supplies and 

materials used in hosting an event. In addition, on a larger scale, waste is 

produced in the construction of permanent sports facilities and the creation 

and disposal of temporary installations. Through good waste management 

practices like reduction, reuse, recycling and composting, a major event can 

easily cut in half its creation of waste and the associated costs. 

Energy Management 

Almost all events and facilities consume energy, some in significant 

amounts. Operating lighting and sound systems, heating and cooling 

buildings, creating ice, filtering and pumping pool water and making 

artificial snow are among the most energy-intensive activities. In all of 

these cases there are opportunities to reduce energy consumption and its 

costs through conservation and energy management strategies. While 

reducing demand for energy, sports events and facilities can also reduce 

their emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases responsible 

for global climate change. 


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Facility use 

The most significant environmental impacts of sports facility use in 

addition to those already discussed (air and water pollution, land and water 

use, energy consumption and waste generation), include turf management 

methods, landscaping, and noise, light and visual pollution. 

Transportation services 

A prominent aspect of sports events is the large demand for moving people 

and equipment between locations. When transportation services are badly 

planned and implemented, the result can be noise, smog, congestion and 

delays. When performed well, people can be moved efficiently and quietly 

with minimal demand for private vehicles and parking and with a 

relatively small contribution to air pollution and traffic jams. 

Accommodation services 

Accommodation requirements touch on a wide range of cross-cutting 

facility and operational issues. These include energy and water 

consumption, indoor air and water quality, waste management, 

transportation, purchasing choices and hazardous materials avoidance and 

disposal. 


6

Issues for Major Games Entailing Facilities Construction 

The major distinction between major, multi-sport games such as the Olympic, 

Pan Am and Commonwealth Games, and single sport world and national 

championships is the demand placed by the former for construction of new 

facilities. Perhaps only the World Cup of soccer can place a similar demand. 

With facilities construction comes the opportunity to make choices which can 

significantly reduce environmental impact through resource consumption, 

waste generation, land use and various forms of pollution. The critical point 

for good environmental performance comes at the planning stage, when 

decisions are made regarding the need for new facilities (or for 

renovation/retrofitting), the type of facilities required and their sustainability 

following the event, their performance and durability, and the impact of their 

various components (i.e. materials, mechanical systems, etc.). 

The concept of sustainable design or designing for sustainability preaches that 

good choices made at the design stage will have far more impact than any 

number of later add-ons. 

Facility and Accommodation design 

The principal environmental issues for designing facilities and 

accommodations are similar: 

• whether to build or renovate; 

• where to build; 

• the most appropriate type of facility for the major event and afterwards; 

• ways to design for conservation of energy, water and other natural 

resources both in construction and operation; and 

• choices of high-performance materials and systems which have less 

environmental impact in their production, use and disposal. 

Transportation design 

An efficient, less polluting transportation system is also a manifestation of 

good planning. Issues to be considered in design transportation for a major 

event include: 

• how to maximise ridership on public/mass transit; 

• how to minimise use of private vehicles between and around venues; 

• how to encourage active forms of transit (cycling, walking, etc.); and 

• ways to use cleaner fuels in fleet vehicles and to maximise fuel 

efficiency. 


7

Developing an Action Plan 

Environmental Management Systems 

With a general understanding of the most pertinent issues it is possible to 

prepare an Action Plan which will manage and monitor the environmental 

performance of a sport event. However, before choosing the action items, an 

event organiser would do well to create a proper environmental management 

system to ensure effective development and execution of the plan. 

The following sections outline the structural and conceptual groundwork 

needed to create an Action Plan. 

Organisational Structure 

A good structure for environmental management takes a top-down and 

bottom-up approach. First, support for this shift to sustainable practices 

must come from the top. Not only must the most senior people be 

interested in the cause, they must be seen to be so. Second, people 

throughout the organisation must be and feel part of such an initiative. 

This requires that all members of the organisation be involved in the 

development, implementation, monitoring and enforcement of the 

initiative (see Appendix A item (ii) under Environmental Management 

Systems). 

Environmental Policy 

An organisation committed to better environmental management must 

first define its goals. Once this is accomplished, it is necessary to elaborate 

the policies, strategies and initiatives by which the goals will be achieved. A 

policy statement should be supplemented with a series of specific objectives 

and, where possible, with assignments of responsibility as well as deadlines 

for completion (see Appendix A). 

Specific Objectives and Targets 

Only by knowing the state of the environment before applying measures 

can an organisation set any objectives. It is important to carry out an 

environmental audit (i.e. energy and water consumption and waste 

generation) of facilities and operations to ascertain to what extent they are 

in compliance with environmental regulations and to establish a 

"baseline" or starting point for your initiatives. From the results of the 

audit, determine the specific targets and monitor these as often as is viable 


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in order to assess your progress as well as identify trouble spots and areas of 

opportunity. 


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Selecting Relevant Issues 

A truly effective plan will attempt to identify a list of priority issues. Items on 

that priority list, and their order, will be determined by several factors: 

Addressing the Most Relevant Issues 

1. The most serious environmental concerns for that 

particular region 

2. Issues where tangible progress is most likely to be achieved 

3. A blend of short-term, medium-term and long-term action 

whereby some initial successes will be achieved early on as 

a way to encourage continued commitment to address 

important but longer-term challenges. 

With such a priority list, it is then possible to develop an Action Plan for 

managing and monitoring environmental performance. This Toolkit 

presents two Action Plans. The first, which is the Basic Action Plan, lists the 

most essential issues. The Comprehensive Action Plan for a major games or 

single sport championship is far more extensive and addresses all the issues 

that were raised in the first section of this Toolkit. 

With the guidance provided by the organisational environmental policy, it 

will be possible to develop a concrete tailored Action Plan. In the next sections 

you can prioritise the Action Items relevant to your situation based on the 

factors mentioned above. 


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Elements of a Basic Action Plan 

Not all events/organisations will require a comprehensive Environmental 

Action Plan, nor will they necessarily have the knowledge or resources to 

implement one. For smaller events, and those new to environmental 

management, a basic Action Plan may be sufficient. It is often better to tackle a 

smaller number of top priority issues, and to do a good job, than to achieve 

mixed results on an overly ambitious list of issues. 

A Basic Action Plan comprising those issues that any event/organisation 

should attempt to deal with is proposed below. A more extensive sample 

Environmental Action Plan is attached (Appendix A) to illustrate the scope of 

issues that might be addressed by a medium or larger sport event. 

Action 

Item 

Basic Action Plan 

Issue and Recommended Action 

Develop and approve an environmental policy. 

Define specific objectives and targets (measurable where possible) to 

deal with each priority issue. 

Adopt “green office” practices in all stages of planning and 

organising: reduce the use of materials, re-use wherever possible 

and, finally, recycle. 

Develop a waste reduction strategy for all venues. 

Involve suppliers, donors and sponsors in the “green event” 

initiative. 

Reduce the amount of private car use by participants and spectators 

by emphasising and facilitating the use of public and active transport 

means. 

Promote healthy conditions for sport (i.e. air and water quality) at 

venues and in the community. 

Promote conservation of energy and water in facilities and during 

operations. 

Protect sensitive green spaces and water bodies from development 

and excessive or inappropriate use. 

Publicise environmental efforts and achievements in the 

community and to a broader audience through the media. 


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Elements of a Comprehensive Action Plan 

The Comprehensive Action Plan addresses all of the issues outlined in the 

first section of the Toolkit. This extensive list is meant for major events such 

as international and national games or championships. When selecting your 

Action Items keep in mind that it may be better to achieve success with a few 

items than to try to cover all the possible actions in a superficial way. 

Action 

Item 


General 

Define policies, goals and objectives 

Implement an environmental management system 

Train and educate staff and volunteers 

Involve suppliers, donors and sponsors in the “green event” initiative. 

Air Quality 

Select location and times for best air quality 

Work with authorities to improve air quality for event 

Minimise air pollution from transportation, pesticide applications and facilities operations 

Take steps to improve indoor air quality through ventilation, smoking bans and careful review of 

cleaners, paints, solvents, furniture, etc. 

Water Quality 

Select location and times for best water quality 

Work with authorities to improve water quality for event 

Minimise water pollution from facilities construction and operations, landscaping and turf 

management, boats, etc. 

Land and Water Use 

Carefully select sites for facilities construction and event activities in order to prevent harm to 

fragile ecosystems and protected spaces 

Build on and rehabilitate degraded land where possible 

Clean up and take steps to protect water bodies used for events and facilities 

Minimise water consumption through conservation 

Revegetate with natural species wherever possible 


Reduce waste generation from construction and demolition through purchasing practices, reduction, 

reuse and recycling 

Reduce solid waste generation from event activities through purchasing practices, reduction, reuse, 

recycling, composting 

Energy Management 

Minimise energy consumption through facility design, conservation and efficient technologies, 

transportation plans 

Explore on-site clean energy (renewables such as solar and wind) generation possibilities 


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Action 

Item 


Facility Use 

Reduce energy consumption 

Reduce water consumption 

Seek to maintain high indoor air quality 

Avoid hazardous materials in maintenance and operations 

Transportation Services 

Encourage and facilitate alternatives to private car transportation, including shuttles, public 

transit, and active means (i.e. cycling) 

Provide efficient, clean-fuel vehicles 

Accommodation Services 

Encourage water and energy conservation and waste reduction in all accommodations 

Promote use of certified "green" hotels, etc. 

Elements of a Major Event Entailing Construction 

Facility Design 

Promote renovation and reuse 

Promote appropriate design for the long term, including multiple use, adaptability, durability 

Promote sustainable design elements, including energy and water conservation and waste reduction 

Select materials for impact and cost over their full life cycle 

Transportation Design 

Design system to encourage alternative modes of transportation including public and active modes 

Include in fleet purchase/lease decisions such environmental attributes as fuel efficiency, emission 

controls and clean fuels 

Accommodation Design 

Promote renovation and reuse 

Promote appropriate design for the long term, including multiple use, adaptability, durability 

Promote sustainable design elements, including energy and water conservation and waste reduction 

Select materials for life cycle attributes and costs 

Construction: Materials and Systems 

In selection of materials and mechanical systems promote such environmental attributes as: 

durability, recyclability, recycled content, hazardous content, reparability and life cycle impacts 

and costs 


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Implementing the Action Plan 

The challenge of moving from Action Plan to implementation is for many 

groups the most daunting. Common obstacles include (a) insufficient 

knowledge; (b) a lack of resources (financial and human); and (c) the 

perception of some managers that an environmental programme is somehow 

a “frill” or a distraction from the main tasks. 

Acquiring Information and Technical Assistance 

Few sport organisations have much experience in environmental 

management techniques. The absence of in-house expertise should not, 

however, be an impediment to addressing environmental issues. Many of 

the basic concepts of environmental management are little more than good 

materials and resource management. A number of books and short courses 

(i.e. community college) will provide sufficient information to start down 

the environmental management road. Much can also be obtained via the 

Internet. 

Should it be impractical to develop in-house capability beyond a certain 

point, a number of local resources are typically available. Staff and students 

at local colleges and universities might provide direction or hands-on 

assistance. Many may actually be encouraged to volunteer or serve on an 

environment committee. Similarly, professional environmental 

consulting services can also be contracted or even obtained pro bono as part 

of a sponsorship arrangement. 

A growing literature is also available specifically on the topic of “greening” 

sports events and facilities. Look to web sites and documents from sports 

governing bodies, academics and professionals for guidance in this 

blossoming area (see Resources and Contacts). 

Finding Resources 

While many steps to address environmental issues will cost very little, and 

some will actually save money, a number will require an investment. 

Renovating, retrofitting, buying advanced technologies and improving 

infrastructure will cost money, even if long-term savings will outweigh the 

initial investment. Devoting staff time to environmental management 

may also be a significant cost. 

Although most expenses can be justified economically, and not just because 

they are the environmentally-appropriate course to take, money must 

nevertheless be found for initial capital costs. Support for environmental 


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initiatives might be secured from public programs and grants, although 

these funds are dwindling. Foundations are another helpful source. 

The most significant potential source of funding, however, is sponsorship. 

Corporate support for sport is a proven commodity. So, to a lesser degree, 

is support for environmental causes. Linking sport with the environment, 

though a very new concept, is proving to be a new and popular approach 

for corporate sponsors. Traditional supporters of sport now concerned with 

their environmental image and actions, as well as environmentallyprogressive 

companies not traditionally approached by sports, are both 

proving to be a powerful source of funding and in-kind support for “green” 

sports programmes. 

Making the Case for Going Green 

A long-held view among managers is that environmental initiatives, 

however laudable, will be expensive and time consuming. They are often 

either dismissed, placed on the back burner, or given inadequate attention 

or funding. The challenge for champions of greening sports events, is thus 

to make the case for environmental programs and dispel the lingering 

myths. Scores of organisations are proving that good environmental 

management is either revenue neutral or ultimately a source of savings or 

new opportunities. In addition, taking the green road can be shown to 

have a wide range of benefits: 

• reduced risks, leading to lower insurance and clean-up costs; 

• improved morale among staff and volunteers; 

• greater appeal to sponsors, donors and partners; 

• faster approvals and fewer delays; 

• increased public support; and 

• better conditions for sport leading to improved performances and 

better overall health of athletes 


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There is no single guaranteed formula for implementing an Action Plan. 

Conditions are too varied and unpredictable. Nevertheless, any sports group 

would do well to follow several basic principles: 

Principles for Implementing an Action Plan 

1. Identify all the interested groups (environmental, business, 

local community, regulatory bodies etc,) in implementing 

the Action Plan 

2. Don't let your events size or lack of it be an obstacle. Set 

appropriate targets and locate required resources 

3. Make all staff and volunteers responsible for implementing 

the environmental plan: provide them with adequate 

training and encourage communication; and seek their input 

and feedback. 

4. Set ambitious but feasible targets initially and build upon 

successes. 

5. Measure and monitor progress so as to demonstrate where 

success is achieved and indicate where improvements are 

required. 

Case Studies 

The following Case Studies illustrate how different event organisers chose to 

focus on issues of particular importance to them and their community. A 

more thorough example of an Action Plan can be found in Appendix E: a copy 

of the Environmental Management Plan for the 1997 Ryder Cup’s Committed 

to Green initiative. 

Appendix C: Environmental Guidelines for the Summer Olympic Games 

(September 1993) – illustrates the wide range of issues being tackled by 

organisers of the Sydney 2000 Summer Olympics. 

Appendix D: Canada Games Council's Environmental Bid Criteria – 

demonstrates how a governing body has chosen to stimulate environmental 

action among bidders and, ultimately, hosts of future Canada Games. 


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1999 Canada Winter Games in Corner Brook 

Corner Brook, Newfoundland the smallest community to ever hold the 

Canada Games proved it was up to the challenge. The Host Society also 

took on the challenge of producing the most extensive environmental 

action plan to date at a Canada Games. With little financial resources, the 

environmental committee developed several effective initiatives that 

relied on community partnerships and in-kind donations. The following is 

the Action Plan that was created by the Host Society. 

Objective: To promote environmental responsibility and awareness prior to, 

during and after the 1999 Canada Winter Games. This will be done by: 

• training all games staff in green office practices and green purchasing; 

• training all volunteers in the environmental initiatives of the 1999 Games 

(e.g. direct participants and spectators to recycling bins); 

• implementing a recycling program for the Athlete's Village as well as at all 

sports venues; 

• composting all food wastage generated from the cafeteria; 

• minimising waste by purchasing items that may be reused (e.g. water 

bottles) and/or become a legacy after the Games (e.g. recycling bins); 

• encouraging all spectators to use public transportation and/or car pool to 

decrease traffic congesting, noise pollution and exhaust; 

• implementing a no idling policy for all Games vehicles; 

• minimising paper waste through double-side copying, electronic mail and 

computer faxing; 

• minimising water use through low-flow showerheads and other wastesaving 

devices within the Village; 

• conserving energy through energy-efficient bulbs, timers, etc.; and, 

• in conjunction with Sport Canada we will be preparing a list of indicators to 

evaluate our success with environmental initiatives at the Games. This will 

be added to a report that will also give guidelines/checklists for tackling 

environmental issues at future events. 

1995 World Nordic Games 

Students at Confederation College took advantage of Thunder Bay hosting 

the 1995 World Nordic Games to launch a number of environmental 

initiatives. Two college departments (Environmental Engineering 

Technology and Recreation Leadership) jointly conducted a waste 

management audit in advance of the event. College environmental 

groups set up information booths during the Games on composting, 

recycling and native species gardening. 


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They also: 

• demonstrated how recycling organic wastes can be used as an alternative 

energy source; 

• printed and distributed waste management strategies to hotel owners; 

• printed and distributed recycling information sheets to guests and 

spectators; and, 

• handed out information regarding bus schedules and shuttle services, to 

encourage the use of public transportation. 

Winterlude Triathlon 

For practical and financial reasons, rather than explicitly environmental, 

organisers of Ottawa's Winterlude triathlon in the late 80s and early 90s, 

took the approach of minimising waste, maximising resource efficiency 

and guaranteeing optimal health conditions for participants. The end 

result was a remarkably “green” event. Organiser Glenda Jones was matter 

of fact about their approach: "If we don't protect the environment, we can't 

hold the event". The triathlon is held primarily on public parkland where 

rules regarding litter, damage to natural habitat and the disturbance of 

wildlife all apply. 

Steps taken for environmental and economic reasons, as well as to protect 

the health of the participants, included: 

• mapping out courses to avoid sensitive spots; 

• conducting a thorough clean-up after the event; 

• keeping the size of the participants' race kit small; 

• using recycled paper; 

• advising out-of-town competitors to use a toll-free number for 

hotel/tourism information in place of mailing large packages of 

brochures; 

• arranging start times to avoid bus fumes along the running course; 

• banning the idling of vehicles; 

• forbidding smoking at the start/finish line; 

• producing t-shirts for racers the night before to assure the right number; 

• purchasing local products (less transportation), in bulk (less packaging); 

• doing without an "unnecessary" start/finish banner; 

• producing signs on reusable corrugated plastic backing; and, 

• handing out small medals and "useful" gifts and prizes. 


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How to Monitor and Document Results 

What are Environmental Performance Indicators? 

Environmental Performance Indicators (EPIs) measure and indicate some 

aspect of environmental performance and/or resource use. For example, an 

EPI may provide information on: 

• how efficiently an organisation uses energy, water, or other materials; 

• how quickly an organisation is reducing air emissions or water 

consumption; 

• what types of waste are being reduced. 

By measuring, reporting and communicating your organisation's 

environmental performance, you can address public concerns about your 

environmental performance, drive internal change and develop a more 

efficient organisation through environmental leadership. 

For the sake of simplicity, this Toolkit uses the term Environmental 

Performance Indicators (abbreviated as EPIs) to cover the range of indicators 

that might be considered purely environmental as well as those that cover 

resource use and environment-related impacts on human health. 

Current use of EPIs in sport 

Although the growing professionalism of sports management is contributing 

to the adoption of more rigorous practices and management systems, use of 

EPIs is still in its infancy. EPIs are nevertheless being developed for and 

applied to sports requirements; chiefly in the design of new facilities, but to 

some extent in the operation of facilities and the hosting of major events. 

EPI Use by Sports Facilities 

Several types of sports facilities use indicators that help identify, monitor 

and make improvements in areas of greatest relevance. Examples include: 

Facility Type Indicator Type 

Pools • quantity of chemicals consumed 

• water consumption 

Ice Arenas • air quality (i.e. carbon monoxide) 

• energy consumption 

Golf courses • pesticide applications 

• irrigation levels 


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EPI Use by Sports Events 

Several recent events provide examples of EPI use. The 1994 Victoria 

Commonwealth Games chose a small but manageable number of 

indicators to measure the impact of the Games and of the environmental 

initiatives in such key areas as waste diversion and use of public transit. 

The 1996 Atlanta Summer Games, though not particularly ambitious in the 

scope of its environmental initiatives, did monitor and release figures for 

waste diversion (recycling and composting) and public transit use. It has 

fallen to Sydney to provide the first full environmental “benchmarking” 

exercise (establishing an initial measure or standard against which to 

measure future events) for any sports event. In its first State of the 

Environment Report (1996), the Olympic Co-ordination Authority for 

Sydney established an initial set of indicators both for environmental 

health and performance issues. Examples include: indicators of current air, 

water and soil quality; quantifiable figures for the remediation of 

contaminated land; and performance indicators for the consumption and 

conservation of energy and water. 

Several international sports federations are now developing a select 

number of EPIs, typically motivated by the desire to guarantee a minimum 

standard of health for competitors. The International Cycling Union is 

showing leadership in this area, and the International Triathlon Union has 

on several occasions emphasised the need to better protect its athletes 

through minimum water quality standards. EPI's will clearly need to be 

fleshed out to assist in these efforts. 

Examples of EPIs for events include: 

Event Type Indicator Type 

Major Games • waste diversion 

• water consumption 

• mass transit use 

Sailing/Rowing etc. • water quality (i.e. fecal coliform) 

Cycling • air quality 


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Selecting Appropriate Indicators 

EPIs can be put to practical use by event organisers and facility operators for 

monitoring specific issues. The information gleaned can help to: 

• prioritise and direct improvement efforts; 

• track resource consumption over time; 

• track environmental performance and improvements over time; 

• assess the impact of new practices and investments; 

• compare the performance of one event to another through 

benchmarking; and, 

• evaluate health-related environmental conditions and use this to select 

dates and locations. 

Because each user group will have its own set of priorities, it is not useful to 

propose a universal list of the most important indicators. Rather, each user 

will need to review the list of potential EPIs (see Appendix B) to select those 

that are most useful in meeting his/her goals and objectives. Factors that will 

influence that decision might include; regional pollution concerns, goals and 

objectives of the managing bodies, concerns of stakeholders, availability of 

data, and the cost (if any) of obtaining that data. 

The following diagram illustrates a process for selecting appropriate EPIs: 

Selecting EPI's 

1. Review goals and objectives of event or facility 

2. Identify local issues and stakeholder concerns 

3. Develop a tentative list of potential indicators 

4. Determine availability of indicators and costs of 

measurement 

5. Select indicators and identify collection plan 

6. Monitor and manage results 

7. Report results when appropriate 

8. Review indicators, modify if necessary by returning to step 1 

The process may be followed just once in the case of a once-only event, or 

repeated for regular events or permanent facilities which monitor indicators 

over time. 


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Indicator Categories 

This Toolkit proposes indicators which fall into three categories: 

Health conditions 

Indicators of how healthy the environment is for competition in a 

particular location or within a particular facility (i.e. air and water quality). 

Environmental conditions 

Indicators of the state of environmental health, which help to determine 

the potential fragility of a particular location and monitor the impact that a 

sports event/facility has had during construction, operation, etc. (i.e. soil 

erosion, presence of wildlife). 

Environmental performance 

Indicators of resource consumption and activity with potential 

environmental impact, both positive and negative (i.e. energy 

consumption, level of pesticide use). 

Proposed Environmental Performance Indicators 

Since each organisation will have its own priorities and resource limitations, 

it will want to choose what issues to focus on and to what depth it will track its 

progress. Smaller organisations/facilities and one-time events may want to 

develop a smaller list of EPIs, closely integrated with the activities and targets 

it has identified in its Action Plan. Larger events/facilities and repeat events 

with more ambitious and wider ranging Action Plans will want to use a 

correspondingly longer list of EPIs to track their progress and spur continual 

improvement. 

In recognition of the diverse needs of its users, this Toolkit presents two sets of 

EPIs: 

The first (below) is a Basic List of EPIs, which almost any event/facility should 

treat as a bare minimum. This list corresponds with the Basic Action Plan 

proposed and key indicators are suggested for measuring progress in 

implementing it. 

The second (Appendix B - Proposed Environmental Performance Indicators 

for Sports Events and Facilities) is a more comprehensive list of EPIs, upon 

which an organisation can draw to help address its particular environmental 

priorities. 


22

Basic Environmental Performance Indicators 

Environmental Policy 

• Is there an Environmental Policy? 

• Has it been approved at the top of the organisation? 

• Has it been communicated to and discussed with staff, volunteers and the 

public? 

Objectives and Targets 

• Have objectives and targets been defined and communicated? 

• Are they measurable? 

• Have they been achieved? 

Green Office 

• Has a basic Green Office program been created and communicated? 

• What percentage of recycling, composting, etc, has been achieved? 

• What percentage of purchases is “environmentally preferable”? 

Waste Reduction at Venues 

• Volume of waste generated? 

• Volume and percentage (by type) of total waste that is diverted through 

recycling, reuse or composting? 

Involving Suppliers, Sponsors and Donors 

• Is a program set up to involve partners in the Green program? 

• Are there compulsory practices/codes/standards for all partners and/or 

their products? 

• How many partners participate in the Green program? 

Transportation 

• Number and % of venues accessible by public/active transport? 

• Number and % of participants (by category, i.e. athletes, spectators) using 

public/active means? 

• Number and % using private vehicles? 

Health Conditions 

• Levels of air pollution/smog/UV intensity before and during the event? 

• Levels of various pollutants (formaldehyde, carbon monoxide) present in 

indoor air at each venue? 

• Are pesticides used at venues? 

• Types, amounts and most recent application of pesticides at a venue? 


23

• Water quality measures (outdoor and indoor) at each water sport venue 

(i.e. coliform count, free and total chlorine levels) 

Resource Conservation 

• Average energy consumption levels, and related costs, before and during 

the event, at each facility? 

• Measures taken to reduce energy consumption? 

• Levels of reduction achieved (kWh and %) by these measures? 

• Average water consumption levels, and related costs, before and during the 

event, at each facility? 

• Measures taken to reduce water consumption? 

• Levels of reduction (volume and %) achieved by these measures? 

Habitat Protection 

• Area of sensitive/protected land opened up for sport use during or after 

event? 

• Area of sensitive/protected land protected from harm as a result of the 

event? 

• Number of native trees or other plants cut and/or replanted? 

Education/Publicity 

• Number and types of education and publicity initiatives undertaken? 

• Number of media stories? 

• Size of audience reached? 

• Number of participants in environment-related initiatives? 

Case Studies 

Atlanta 1996 Summer Olympic Games 

Although much-maligned for problems with its transportation system, the 

1996 Atlanta Olympics successfully implemented and monitored a number 

of transportation and waste management initiatives with visible positive 

environmental consequences. 

• Efforts to encourage residents and visitors to ride the public transit 

system worked so well that an estimated 1.3 million spectators took 

buses and/or the subway each day – nearly 4 times the daily average 

prior to the Olympics. 


24

• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recorded a 15 percent dip in 

air pollution levels for that time of year, the opposite of what was 

anticipated. 

• Recycling and composting initiatives resulted in a 50 percent diversion 

level during the 16 days of the Games, and a remarkable 82 percent 

diversion during the best 8 days. 


25

Committed to Green 

The European Golf Association's environmental management 

programme for golf courses and events -- Committed to Green 

allows courses and events to seek certification if they can demonstrate 

progress according to indicators in nine categories: 

1. General environmental planning 

2. Nature conservation 

3. Landscape and cultural heritage 

4. Water resource management 

5. Turfgrass management 

6. Waste management 

7. Energy efficiency and purchasing policies 

8. Education and the working environment 

9. Communications and public awareness 

Having established benchmarks and targets in these categories, certified 

organisations will have to demonstrate continued progress in order to 

be eligible for re-certification once every three years. EPIs will be an 

important tool in managing, monitoring and documenting progress. 

1993 Canada Games 

The Canada Games held in Kamloops, B.C. was an example medium 

sized event that did not have the resources to develop an extensive 

environmental action plan. However, the organising committee did 

focus on a few initiatives, publicising them well and following through 

on commitments. The notable ventures included: 

• a recycling program that proved to be almost too popular. While 

waste was definitely diverted, potential revenue from the 

aluminum cans was lost as enterprising children raided the 

receptacles. 

• a public transportation program. The City of Kamloops arranged for 

more frequent bus services to key sites and offered special passes for 

the two weeks of the Games. Ridership increased significantly during 

this period. 

• Using non-disposable dishes and utensils. An army of dishwashing 

volunteers was required to work in shifts but tens of thousands of 

plates, bowls and utensils were diverted from the local landfill. 


26

Resources and Contacts 

Publications 

A group of U.S. and Canadian golf & environmental groups. 1996. 

Environmental Principles for golf courses in the United States. United States 

Golf Association 

Chernushenko, D. 1994. Greening Our Games: Running Sports Events and 

Facilities that Won't Cost the Earth. The Delphi Group, Ottawa (1-800-511-9999 

and www.greengold.on.ca) 

European Golf Association. 1997. The committed to green handbook for golf 

courses. Pisces Publications. (www.golfecology.com) 

Fisheries and Oceans, Department of the Environment, and FRAP. Greening 

your B.C. golf course: A guide to environmental management. 

Immig, J.S. Rish and S. Brown. 1997. Indoor air quality guidelines for Sydney 

Olympic facilities. Sydney, NSW: CSIRO Publishing. 

International Olympic Committee. 1997. Manual on sport and the 

environment. 

Ministry of the Environment. 1998. Environmental Performance and 

Competitive Advantage, Government of Ontario. 

Olympic Co-ordination Authority (OCA). 1998. State of the Environment 1997. 

Sydney, NSW. 

------. 1997. State of the Environment 1996. Sydney, NSW: Olympic Coordination 

Authority. 

------. 1997d. Compendium of ESD initiatives and outcomes for OCA facilities 

and venues 1 (December). Sydney, NSW: Olympic Co-ordination Authority. 

Royal Canadian Golf Association (RCGA). 1993. Environmentally responsible 

golf - Environmental guidelines for Canadian golf clubs. RCGA. 

Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (SOCOG). 1998. Our 

environment - Our legacy (Video). Sydney, NSW: SOCOG. 


27

Websites 

The Sustainable Sports Source http://www.greengold.on.ca 

with links to numerous other web sites and resources besides those listed 

below 

Building Design and Construction 

Green Building Information Council http://greenbuilding.ca 

Green Building Resource Guide http://www.greenguide.com 

Environmental Building News http://www.ebuild.com 

Certification Bodies 

Canadian Environmental Choice Programme http://www.terrachoice.ca 

U.S. Green Seal Program http://www.greenseal.org 

Golf 

European Golf Association - Ecology Unit http://golfecology.com 

Golf Course Superintendents Association of America http://www.gcsaa.org 

The United States Golf Association's Green Section 

http://www.usga.org/green 

Government 

Environment Canada http://www.ec.gc.ca 

Department of Canadian Heritage - Sport Canada 

http://www.pch.gc.ca/sportcanada/Sc_e/ 

US Environmental Protection Agency http://www.epa.gov 

US Environmental Protection Agency Indoor Air Quality Info 

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/iaqinfo.html 

Health Issues 

The Weather Network http://www.theweathernetwork.com 

Environment Canada http://www.ec.gc.ca 

International Federations 

International Cycling Union (UCI) 

http://www.uci.ch/english/town/uciguide.htm 

Olympics 

International Olympic Committee http://www.olympic.org/ 

Olympic Co-ordination Authority http://www.oca.nsw.gov.au/ 

Salt Lake City Organizing Committee for the Olympic Winter Games of 2002 

http://www/slc2002.org/main.html 

Sydney Organising Committee for the 2000 Olympic Games 

www.sydney.olympic.org/environment/environment.html 


28

Sports Event Organisers 

1999 Winnipeg Pan Am Games http://www.panamgames.org 

Contacts for Canadian Air Quality 

Jurisdiction Air Water 

Alberta John Torneby 

Contact the regional Public 

(403)427-0922 

Health Authority 

British Columbia Robert Marsh 


(604) 387-9944 


Manitoba Don Regehr 


(204) 945-7001 


New Brunswick Stan Howe 


(506)457-4848 


Newfoundland John Dutton 


(709) 729-1930 


North West Jim Sparling 


Territories (403) 920-6396 


Nova Scotia Randy Piercey 


(902) 424-5300 


Ontario Garry DeBrou 


(416) 235-5768 


Prince Edward Tod Fraser 


Island 

(902) 368-5037 


Quebec Claude Gagnon 


(514) 280-4291 


Saskatchewan Carl Lauten 


(306) 787-6238 


Yukon Vic Enns 


(403) 667-3400 


National Tom Dann 

Jan Flasher, 

Resources Environment Canada Ministry of the Environment 

(613) 991-9459 

(416) 235-6222 

Children’s Health Jackyln Jones 

Same as for Air 

Issues 

Canadian Institute Of 

Child Health 

(613) 224-4144 ext 235 


29

Appendix A: A General Environmental Action Plan 

Environmental Management Systems 

(i) Define an environmental policy which sets out a clear list of goals 

(reasons for greening the games) and objectives (means by which the 

goals are to be achieved). The planning and preparation process will be 

guided by this policy. 

Such a policy and goals might read as follows: 

"The Bid Committee (or Host Society) is committed to organising and 

staging our event in a manner that is economically, socially and 

environmentally sustainable. 

To achieve this end, we will pursue the following goals: 

1. Build, retrofit and upgrade facilities in a way that is appropriate to the 

long-term needs of the community and which minimises any impact 

on the natural environment; 

2. Minimise the consumption of resources (energy, water, materials, etc.), 

toxic or hazardous materials, and the creation of waste; 

3. Provide athletes, officials and spectators with a healthy environment 

for practice and competition; 

4. Contribute to the maintenance and restoration of local environmental 

health; 

5. Encourage and showcase innovative ideas, solutions and technologies; 

6. Create a legacy of heightened environmental awareness and new skills 

and practices within the local community and among participants and 

spectators nationwide. 

Specific objectives will be defined in each issue area (i.e. waste 

management, energy reduction, purchasing) and for each venue (i.e. 

athletes village, games offices, facilities). 


30

(ii)Draw up an Organisational Chart for managing environmental issues, 

ensuring that there is a clear procedure for reporting. Such a chart would 

designate at least one member of Management Committee and/or Board 

of Directors as 'stewards' of environmental initiatives. Ensure that the 

critical role of volunteers is reflected in the Organisational Chart (see next 

item). 

"Green Team" 

of volunteers 

Management Committee 

Vice President 

Administration/Finance 

OR Facilities 

Environmental 

Coordinator 

(Staff) 

Environment/ 

Sustainability 

Committee 

Accountability and ultimate responsibility for environmental issues and 

initiatives would rest with a vice president or equivalent (ideally 

Administration/Finance or Facilities) who would report regularly to the 

Management Committee and the Board. A staff environmental coordinator 

would perform day-to-day tasks, including co-ordinating a 

volunteer "Green Team", and would report to one of the vice presidents 

named above via the appropriate manager, or directly if necessary. An 

Environment/ Sustainability Committee would include several key vice 

presidents, members from such departments or committees as purchasing, 

facilities and finance, the environmental co-ordinator, and several "Green 

Team" volunteers. 

(iii) Create a Green Team category for volunteers and actively recruit for this 

role. Allow volunteers to choose the Green Team as the group they would 

like to work with. Give these volunteers the opportunity to contribute ideas 

to the planning process as well as during the Games. 

(iv)Carry out an environmental audit (i.e. energy and water consumption and 

waste generation) of facilities and work with provincial and local agencies 

and utilities to identify opportunities for energy and water conservation, 

waste management and reducing the risk of hazardous waste 

contamination. 


31

The bid/organising group could commit itself in the following way: "We 

will carry out an environmental audit (waste, energy, water, risk 

assessment) of all facilities upon being selected to host the [event]. The 

baseline information acquired will be used to monitor performance during 

the event and quantify improvements that may result from renovations, 

upgrades and new systems." 

The Green Office 

(i) All offices should adopt Green Office practices (see Greening Our Games, 

pp. 115-127 for more detail). 

(ii) An emphasis should be placed on: reducing printed material; re-using 

paper; ensuring that all recyclable materials are collected appropriately; 

and purchasing supplies that are re-usable, durable, high in recycled 

content and recyclable. 

Materials & Waste Management 

(i) Develop a waste management strategy for each facility and all operations 

divisions identifying how they can reduce, reuse, recycle and compost. 

(ii) Use procurement and purchasing contracts to request items that will 

produce the least waste, with an emphasis on reduced packaging. 

(iii) Ensure that all recycling facilities have large, uniform signage with clear 

instructions to avoid contamination by non-recyclable items. Design 

signage and containers with subsequent re-use in mind. Ensure regular 

collection to avoid unsightly overflows. 

(iv) Explore the potential for compostable or recyclable dishes and tableware 

where re-usable crockery and utensils are not available. 

(v) Develop a system for providing press releases, event results and 

background documents to chefs-de-mission, officials, VIPs and the media 

electronically and/or in written form by request only. 

(vi) Do an inventory of planned printed programmes, guides, and tourism 

information. Consolidate so as to limit overlap and cut waste and costs. 

(vii) Examine providing box lunches (for athletes/officials) to eliminate 

waste. 

(viii) Place receptacles for battery and film canister recycling in areas 

frequented by media. Use clear signs. 


32

(ix) Keep marketing techniques consistent with the waste reduction goal. 

(x) Evaluate all merchandise against the principles of durability and 

appropriate material content. 

(xi) Hold a post-event auction for disposing of left-over materials. Explore 

first, however, the possibility of passing on items to the next event host. 

A set of generic signage might be passed from one host to another. 

(xii) Send tourism information packages to ticket purchasers, participants, 

media and others on request only. 

Sponsors, Donors & Suppliers 

(i) Engage sponsors, donors and suppliers as partners in the effort to green 

the event. Invite them to propose ways they might reduce the impact of 

their materials, products or services. 

(ii) Create a Green Roll of Honour to publicise the efforts made by these 

partners. 

(iii) Seek sponsorship from non-traditional organisations whose gifts-inkind 

will contribute to greening the games while getting them publicity. 

For example, makers/distributors of low-flow fixtures and energy efficient 

light bulbs. 


(i) Promote the use of public transportation through strong publicity, and 

free access for accredited persons (media, officials, and volunteers) and 

ticket holders on the day of the event. 

(ii) Limit the use of single-passenger shuttles by officials and media by 

"pooling". 

(iii) Avoid "dedicated" cars for VIPs. Include them in the shuttle service in 

all but extreme cases. 

(iv) Enforce a "no idling policy" at all venues and the athletes' village. 

Facilities Operations 

(i) Focus on steps to reduce consumption of energy and water. 


33

(ii) Carry out energy and water audits in all facilities. Encourage local 

utilities to capitalise on the publicity of the event to gain exposure for 

their programs and services. 

(iii) Seek sponsorship and gifts in kind for conservation efforts. Emphasise 

the long-term legacy and potential publicity and downstream sales. 

Event Services 

(i) Accommodation: Implement energy and water conservation steps and 

waste management strategies in the athletes' village and privately-run 

accommodations by working with accommodation managers and privatesector 

partners. 

(ii) Food: Work with any venue-based cafeterias and concession operators to 

help them address relevant environmental and waste-related issues. 

(iii) Volunteers: Focus on training and team building for "Green Team" 

volunteers. Ensure, however, that all volunteers are aware of the Green 

Games objectives and initiatives. 

(iv) Signs & Banners: Explore the idea of a generic, transferable set of signs 

and banners for use at future events. Also seek groups (schools, 

community events, etc.) who might re-use certain signs. 

Ceremonies and Cultural Events 

(i) Implement all waste management proposals at cultural and ceremonial 

events and venues. 

(ii) Strongly encourage the use of public transportation to shows and 

opening/closing ceremonies. 

Promotion and Public Relations 

(i) Well in advance of the event, and again just prior to them, inform the 

general public of the overall goals of a Green event, the specific steps that 

are planned and their rationale. 

(ii) Set up a "Green line" phone number for any suggestions, comments and 

complaints. 

(iii) Prominently inform all participants (athletes, officials and media) of the 

Green event initiative and provide them with checklists on how they can 

contribute. 


34

(iv) Develop a media strategy that is open and honest. Focus on the positive 

steps taken before and during the event, and their legacy. 

(v) Organise a press conference on Greening the event, with several of those 

most closely involved in attendance to explain the initiative. 

(vi) Organise a seminar for future hosts, sports officials and the media on 

"How to Green Your Event". 

Media & Information 

(i) Inform the media through their press kits of the Green event initiative 

and of steps that will affect them. Invite them to be "partners" and to offer 

their suggestions. 

(ii) Invite local media organisations to provide free Public Service 

Announcements on Green event topics. 

(iii) Reduce the paper given out to the media. Develop a system for 

providing background papers and event results to media "on demand". 

Explore electronic options. 

Games Legacy 

(i) Focus on safeguarding air, soil, water and habitat. 

(ii) Consider infrastructure such as energy systems, water conservation 

devices and recycling bins and systems as an important legacy to the 

community. 

(iii) Encourage new habits and approaches among volunteers and 

participants that they can take back to their places of work and homes. 

(iv) Involve community groups in pre-event, post-event and nightly cleanups. 

Consider potential sponsors so that they can use this as a fundraising 

means. 

(v) Monitor and record how successfully individual initiatives function. 

This will provide baseline data for future events. 


35

Appendix B: Proposed Environmental Performance Indicators for Sports Ev 

Facilities 

How to Use this Table 

Each column performs a specific function, as follows: 

Issue What is the environmental or health issue for which the indicator is providing info 

Indicator What is being measured? 

(Units provided where appropriate) 

Type of Indicator 

(See page 21 for description) 

Frequency of Measurement How often should you measure? 

Three responses based on the indicator category are provided in this column. Either 

(a). Health condition; (b). Environmental condition; or (c). Environmental perform 

Threshold Where appropriate, what is the recommended threshold? This is mostly used for m 

conditions, where a threshold is that point beyond which sports activity is consider 

Where an Index is available (i.e. UV levels ranging from 0 - 10) it is indicated 

Source Where can this information be found? A response is provided wherever possible. 

Cost How expensive is it to collect this information? a. high b. medium c. low d. free 

Legend: n.a. = not applicable tbd = to be determined 

Managing and Monitoring Environmental Performance of Sports Events and Facilities

Issue 

Air Quality 

(Outdoor) 

Indicator Type Frequency of 

Measurement 

Pollution Index Health condition as available 

(at least daily) 

Smog levels Health condition as available 


UV index Health condition as available 


Ground Level Ozone 

(ppb = parts per billion) 

•Temperature (ºC) 

•Humidex 

•Wind chill 

•Wind speed (km/h) 

Health Condition as available 


Health condition tbd by event 

organisers (at 

least hourly. 

Bid groups and 

evaluators should 

use day time 

averages 

Pollen ( g/m 3) Health condition Daily (Bid groups 

and evaluators 

should use 

seasonal 

averages) 


Threshold Source 

>50 

(0 - 50+) 

>50 

(0-50+) 

Tbd 

(low 9) 

50 ppb/hr 

National 

Air 

Quality 

Objective 

tbd by 

event 

organisers 

according 

to risk to 

athletes 

50 g/m 3 

(slight, 

moderate 

and high) 

Provincial Mi 

Of Environme 

Provincial Mi 

Of Environme 

Weather repo 

web sites: 

• www.ec.gc.c 

weather_e.ht 

•www.thewe 

network.com 

Provincial Mi 

Of Environme 

Measured onavailable 

from 

Environment 

• www.ec.gc.c 

weather_e.ht 

The Weather 

Network

Issue 

Air Quality 

(indoor) 


Measurement 


Air Pollutants Tobacco Smoke: Is smoking 

permitted in facilities? 

Health condition once n.a. Facility mana 

Nitrogen dioxide 

Health condition Real time sensors 32 ppb/yr In-house senso 

(ppb = parts per billion)) 

should be used to National 

monitor 

Air 

(threshold Quality 

violations should 

be reported) 

Objective 

Carbon monoxide levels Health condition Real time sensors 13 ppm/hr In-house senso 

(ppm = parts per million) 

should be used to National 

monitor 

Air 

(threshold Quality 

violations should 

be reported) 

Objective 

Formaldehyde level ( g/m3 ) Health condition Annually or after 60 g/m 

new construction, 

renovations and 

delivery of new 

furniture 

3 Tests perform 

qualified exp 

Pesticides •Are pesticides used within 

the facility? 

•Is a policy stating practice 

available and known? 

•Are facility users informed 

when pesticides are applied? 

Health condition Once n.a. Facility mana 

Allergens • Pollen levels (grains/m3 ) 

• Fungi levels 

• Mould levels (colonies/m3 Health conditions Annually or Tbd with Tests perform 

following assistance qualified expe 

) 

complaints of public tests may be f 

health through the lo 

office health office 


Issue 

Water Quality 

(open bodies) 


Measurement 

Coliform counts 

Health condition As available (at 

(colonies/100ml) 

least daily) and 

before events 

Health of 

vegetation/ 

aquatic species 

• Has a state of the 

environment study been done? 

• Has health improved, 

stayed same or deteriorated? 

• Has event/facility 

contributed to improved 

water quality 

Environmental 

condition 

Environmental 

conditions/inform 

ation 

Environmental 

performance 



tbd by 

regional 

public 

health 

office 

Regional Publ 

Health Office 

private lab 

Once n.a. Public environ 

agency or priv 

consultant 

Annually n.a. Public environ 


Annually or as 

part of event bid 

or application for 

construction 

Water (indoor) Free chlorine level Health conditions In accordance 

with 

local/municipal 

guidelines 

Total chlorine Health conditions In accordance 

with 

local/municipal 

guidelines 

consultant 

n.a. Public environ 


consultant 

set by 

local/mun 

icipal 

guidelines 

set by 

local/mun 

icipal 

guidelines 

Facility mana 

Facility mana

Issue 

Land and 

Water Use 


Measurement 


Rehabilitation of • Land being rehabilitated Environmental Once n.a. Planners/desi 

land 

from unusable to safely usable 

(measured in hectares or 

square metres) 


Open space • Area of land opened up for Environmental Once n.a. Planners/desi 

creation 

recreational use (hectares/sq. 

metres) 


Revegetation • Number of native trees Environmental Once or as new n.a. Planners/desi 

planted 

• Area revegetated with 

native species (hectares/sq. 

metres) 

performance planting occurs 

landscape arc 

Pesticide and • Quantity of pesticide/ Environmental Monthly n.a. Groundskeepe 

chemical 

herbicide/fungicide/ performance 

superintenden 

fertiliser use chemical fertilisers applied 

• Frequency of application 

• Cost of applications 

• Quantity of natural 

fertilisers applied and cost 

Refueling of boats • Is there a policy and set of Environmental Once n.a. Facilities Man 

and vehicles safe practices for refueling? performance 

• Percentage of staff trained 

in clean refueling practices 

• Number of spills 

• Cost of clean-up 

Environmental 


Environmental 



Annually n.a. Facilities Man 

Monthly n.a. Facilities Man

Issue 

Waste 

Management 


Measurement 


Demolition •Volume 

Environmental Per demolition n.a. Demolition 

wastes 

• % diverted (to recycling, performance project 

contractor/ la 

buyer, etc.) 

incinerator rec 

Construction •Volume 

Environmental Per construction n.a. Construction 

wastes and • % diverted 

performance project 

contractor/ la 

related packaging • % of materials delivered 

incinerator rec 

without packaging 

Purchasing m 

Solid waste • volume of waste generated Environmental Daily during n.a. Facility 

generation (major by type (i.e. paper, plastic) performance events 

manager/was 

events) 

• volume diverted (by type) 

• % diverted (by type) 

handler 

Solid waste • volume of waste generated Environmental Monthly n.a. Facility 

generation by type (i.e. paper, plastic) performance 

manager/was 

(facilities) • volume (by type) 



Solid waste • volume of waste generated Environmental Monthly n.a. Facility 

generation by type (i.e. paper, plastic) performance 

manager/was 

(administration) • volume diverted (by type) 



Special waste Are appropriate safe Environmental Once; spot check n.a. Facility 

(medical, film) methods of disposal in place? performance to confirm 

manager/was 

compliance 


Animal waste •% being composted or Environmental Monthly; daily n.a. Facility 

diverted for such a purpose? performance during an event 

manager/was 

• revenue generated from sale 


Food 

• volume of food waste Environmental Monthly; daily n.a. Facility 

waste/composting • % diverted for compost performance during an event 

manager/was 

and/or composted on site 



Issue 

Energy 

Management 


Measurement 


Energy 

• historic monthly 

Environmental monthly n.a. Facility 

consumption consumption in kilowatt hours performance 

manager/util 

(facilities (kWh) and cost 

operations) • list measures taken to 

reduce consumption 

• current monthly 

consumption (kWh) and cost 

Energy 

• historic daily consumption Environmental daily n.a. Operations 

consumption (for regular events) in kWh performance 

manager/util 

(events) 

and cost 

• daily consumption (kWh) 


Facility Use 

Energy 

consumption 

Water 

consumption 


consumption in kilowatt hours 

(kWh) and cost 

• list measures taken to 



consumption (kWh) and cost 


consumption in litres and cost 

• list measures taken to 



consumption (litres) and cost 

Environmental 


Environmental 



monthly n.a. Facility 

manager/util 

monthly n.a. Facility 

manager/util

Issue 


services 


Measurement 


Use of public • # and % of athletes/ Environmental daily n.a. Operations m 

transit and officials/ spectators using performance 

transportation 

shuttle service public transit 

• # and % using private 

vehicles 

• % of facilities accessible by 

public transit or shuttle 

director 

Active 

• # and % of athletes/ Environmental daily n.a. Operations m 

transportation officials/ spectators using performance 


active transportation, by 

category (i.e. bicycle, inline 

skates, walking) 

director 

• list of initiatives to Environmental daily n.a. Operations m 

encourage/facilitate use of performance 


active transportation 

director 

Accommodation 

services 

Energy 

consumption 

Water 

consumption 

• historic daily consumption 

(for regular events) in kWh 


• daily consumption (kWh) 


• historic daily consumption 

in litres and cost 

• daily consumption (litres) 


Environmental 


Environmental 



daily n.a. Accommodati 

manager/util 

daily n.a. Accommodati 

manager/util

Issue Indicator Type Frequency of 

Measurement 


Waste 

• volume of waste generated Environmental Daily during n.a. Facility 

Management by type 

performance events 

manager/was 

• volume diverted by type 



Green Hotels • Is it preferred/required to Environmental Once for event n.a. Hotel or 

use certified "green" hotels performance 

accommodatio 

• % of stays at "green" hotels 

manager 

Facility 

Design 

Renovation • Steps taken to incorporate 

sustainability into renovation 

Energy 

Conservation 

Material 

Choices/Use 

Water 

Conservation 

Adaptability/Re- 

Usability 

• Steps taken to conserve 

energy through design (i.e. 

insulation, mechanical 

systems, windows, orientation 

etc.) 

• Steps taken to select 

materials according to their 

environmental features 

(content, sustainably 

produced) 

• Steps taken to reduce water 

consumption through design 

• Features that allow for 

multiple use, future 

adaptation for other uses, etc. 

Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Once, or as 

changes and 

renovations occur 

Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 




n.a. Designers, eng 

construction an 

maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m

Issue Indicator Type Frequency of 

Measurement 

Durability • Steps taken to maximise Environmental Once, or as 

durability of facility, performance changes and 

materials and equipment 


Maintenance • Steps taken to minimise the Environmental Once, or as 

need for and costs of 

performance changes and 

maintenance 



Design 

Alternative 

Modes 

• Steps taken in design to 

encourage use of alternative 

(non car use) modes of 

transportation by event and 

facilities users/participants 

• List alternative options 

• #/% of users/participants 

travelling by non-car means 

Choice of vehicles • average fleet vehicle fuel 

consumption 

• average life expectancy of 

fleet vehicles (in years) 

• # and % of vehicles using 

cleaner fuels (liquid natural 

gas, fuel cells, electric, etc.) 

Environmental 


Environmental 


Once, or as 

changes occur 

Once (for events) 

or annually (for 

facilities) 





maintenance m 



maintenance m 

n.a. transportation 

planners, engi 

n.a purchasing m

Accommodation 

Design 

Renovation • Steps taken to incorporate 

sustainability into renovation 

Energy 

Conservation 

Material 

Choices/Use 

Water 

Conservation 

Adaptability/Re- 

Usability 

• Steps taken to conserve 

energy through design (i.e. 

insulation, mechanical 

systems, windows, etc.) 

• Steps taken to select 

materials according to their 

environmental features 

• Steps taken to reduce water 

consumption through design 

• Features that allow for 

multiple use, future 

adaptation for other uses, etc. 

Durability • Steps taken to maximise 

durability of facility, 

materials and equipment 

Maintenance • Steps taken to minimise the 

need for and costs of 

maintenance 

Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Environmental 


Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 



Once, or as 






maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m 



maintenance m

Issue 

Construction 

Materials/ 

Equipment 


Measurement 

Durability • life expectancy (in years) Environmental Once, and as 

• anticipated life cycle cost performance changes and 

(including operating, 

maintenance and repairs) 


Recyclability • Is it locally recyclable? Environmental Once, and as 

performance changes and 


Recycled content • Does it contain recycled 

materials? 

• % recycled content 

Hazardous content • what hazardous materials 

does it contain? 

• how much? 

• what does it cost to 

disposed of them safely? 

Environmental 


Environmental 


Repairability • Can it be repaired locally? Environmental 


Life Cycle Impact • Has a life cycle assessment 

of its environmental impacts 

been performed? 

• How does it compare with 

similar alternatives? 

Environmental 


Once, and as 















environmenta 

consultants, ag 

and guides 


environmenta 




environmenta 




environmenta 

consultants, 

environmenta 

agencies and g 


environmenta 




environmenta 

consultants, 

environmenta 

agencies and g

APPENDIX C: 

ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES - SYDNEY OLYMPIC 

GAMES 

The following is a summary of the commitments made by Sydney in the 

Environmental Guidelines for the Summer Olympic Games (September 

1993). 

A. Planning & Construction of Olympic Facilities 

Sydney is committed to: 

• thorough assessment of opportunities to use or adapt existing facilities, 

together with consideration of the long term financial viability of all new 

facilities 

• building and infrastructure design that considers environmental issues 

• environmental and social impact assessment, with community 

participation in the planning process 

• planning to minimise any adverse impacts of Olympic sites & events on 

nearby residents 

• care being taken to protect native bushland, forests, wetlands, fauna or 

threatened ecosystems 

• all new Olympic projects being in accordance with environmental 

planning instruments prepared under the Environmental Planning and 

Assessment Act 

• all new Olympic projects being constructed, wherever possible, on 

previously used industrial and commercial sites so that undeveloped land 

remains untouched 

• all Olympic sites being accessible by public transport 

• companies tendering for construction contracts being required to submit 

details demonstrating how they will satisfy the requirements of the 

Environmental Guidelines 

• selection of building components for new projects being subject to lifecycle 

costing and consideration of environmental implications during 

manufacture, use and disposal. 

B. Energy Conservation 


• the use of ferries to provide transport for spectators, VIPs, athletes and 

media between Sydney Olympic Park and the Sydney Harbour Zone 

• establishment of satellite parking areas at major bus and rail interchanges 

Managing and Monitoring Environmental Performance of Sports Events and Facilities 48

• provision of cycle ways and pedestrian walk ways linked to public 

transport interchanges 

• passive solar building design wherever appropriate 

• selection of materials for thermal performance 

• use of insulation and natural ventilation 

• the widest possible use of renewable sources of energy 

• high efficiency lighting systems with maximised use of natural light 

• use of energy efficient appliances 

• use of recycled and recyclable building materials 

• use of building management and control systems to minimise energy 

requirements 

• zoning of mechanical ventilation to allow ventilation flow to be switched 

off when spaces are unoccupied 

C. Water Conservation 


• encouragement of sound sustainable water resource management through 

public and industry education programs 

• water conservation and recycling practices 

• introduction of pricing policies that reflect the real cost of supplying water 

• recycling of treated storm water and sewage effluent 

• landscape design that decreases water requirements by emphasis on 

selection of plants appropriate to climate 

• use of water conservation devices such as dual flush toilet systems, rooffed 

water tanks, water-saving shower roses, and appropriate irrigation 

devices 

• selection of low-water use appliances including dishwashers & washing 

machines 

• building and infrastructure design to collect waste water for recycling 

• protecting the usability of recycled water by minimising the use of 

pesticides in landscape maintenance 

• use of artificial wetlands or other appropriate methods to remove 

pollutants from waste water prior to recycling 

D. Waste Avoidance and Minimisation 


• best practice waste reduction and avoidance, with performance criteria to 

apply to services, materials and appliances 

• the co-operation of sponsors and service providers in developing 

responsible corporate purchasing and waste management policies 


• best practice recycling of waste including use of colour-coded waste 

recycling stations, use of compost from organic waste in landscaping, use 

of recycled paper, and public education on waste minimisation. 

E. Air, Water and Soil Quality 


• the selection wherever practicable of materials and processes that are nontoxic 

in use such as natural fibre insulation, and non-toxic paints, glues, 

varnishes, polishes, solvents and cleaning products 

• improved procedures at Olympic sites to minimise toxic fume emission 

and out-gassing from paints, carpets, glues and pest control practices 

• use of building techniques and interior design that minimise the need for 

chemical pest control and maximise opportunities for integrated pest 

management 

• use of CFC, HFC and HCFC-free refrigerants and processes 

• elimination of leaded fuels 

• minimising and ideally avoiding the use of chlorine based product 

(organochlorines) such as PCBs, PVC and chlorine bleached paper 

• the water quality of mangrove, estuarine and saltmarsh environments 

near Sydney Olympic Park being protected during construction by erosion 

and run-off controls 

• comprehensive contamination testing of former industrial sites being 

redeveloped for the Olympic games, with remediation and risk reduction 

programs as appropriate. 

F. Protecting Significant Natural and Cultural Environments 


• preservation and protection of the integrity of natural ecosystems adjacent 

to Olympic sites including native bushland, forest and waterways 

• assessment of habitat and species with special attention to endangered 

species and ecosystems subject to international conservation treaties 

• landscape programs that minimise disruption of wildlife habitat, protect 

indigenous plant species, with selection of species to complement existing 

habitats 

• rehabilitation of wetlands 

• control of feral animals and weed invasion 

• establishment of buffer zones between venues and conservation areas 

• establishment of a management plan for the protection of natural 

ecosystems 

• use of low wash ferry transport to minimise impact on mangrove 

ecosystems 


G. Olympic Events 


• assist business to conform to Olympic requirements by establishment of an 

expert panel with membership drawn from the business, government & 

environment sectors 

• investigate opportunities to provide a data base on new technologies 

suitable for use at the Olympic games to assist organisations planning to 

tender for contracts. 

H. Merchandising 


• every company tendering for a merchandise contact being required to 

provide environmental information in its submission in relation to 

manufacture, use and disposal 

• avoiding unnecessary waste generated by products with a short useful life 

or unnecessary packaging 

• not using materials from threatened environments or species 

• maximum use of recyclable and recycled materials 

• promotional clothing being made from natural fibres wherever possible 

• the design and packaging of products embodying an educational message 

about the environment wherever possible. 

I. Ticketing 


• ticketing systems integrating event admission with public transport 

• tickets being printed on recycled and recyclable paper, using nontoxic ink. 

J. Catering 


• minimal packaging of foodstuffs subject to appropriate health standards 

being maintained 

• use of recyclable or reusable packaging 

• non-disposable cutlery and crockery being used at food outlets wherever 

possible. 

K. Waste Management 



• minimising waste and maximising recycling 

• education of athletes, officials, media and spectators on correct waste 

disposal 

• recyclable packaging being suitably identified to facilitate separation from 

other recyclables and assist ease of collection 

• recycling bins for waste being supplied at all Games venues, supported by 

education programs on proper disposal methods 

• information being carried electronically where possible to reduce 

unnecessary use of paper, supplemented by effective paper recycling 

procedures 

• special procedures being adopted for the disposal or recycling of chemicals, 

film and other photographic materials. 

L. Transport 


• the successful implementation of transport strategies to ensure efficient 

movement of the Olympic family and spectators 

• selection of specific Olympic transport systems which minimise energy use 

and reduce pollution 

• public transport being the only means by which spectators will be able to 

directly access events at major Olympic sites 

• satellite car-parking venues being established so people can transfer to 

trains, buses and ferries for access to Olympic sites 

• special concession transport tickets being available allowing spectators to 

use all forms of public transport for a defined period 

• sale of admission tickets and public transport tickets being at the same 

outlets. 

M. Noise Control 


• adoption of noise abatement techniques which minimise disturbance for 

nearby residents. 

N. Other Considerations 


• all Olympic venues being accessible to disabled athletes, officials and 

spectators 

• venue management, security and volunteer personnel being trained in 

crowd management techniques 


• adoption of equal opportunity principles in accordance with Government 

legislation 


Appendix D: 

Canada Games Council's Environmental Bid Criteria 

Environmental Legacy Bid Assessment Criteria 

A. Environmental Policies, Plans and Structures 

1. Has an Environmental Policy been adopted by the organisation? 

2. Has an Environmental Plan been developed with specific targets and 

objectives? 

3. How will the Host Society be structured to encourage environmental 

responsibility at all levels? 

4. Have all stakeholders likely to be affected by the event been consulted 

during the bid preparation process? 

5. What partnerships have been formed with external stakeholders? 

6. Have Environmental Impact Assessments been done for new or 

renovated facilities? 

B. Human health 

1. What steps will be taken to protect the health of the competitors and all 

other participants? 

2. What will be done to reduce or eliminate threats to participants from 

environmental factors such as: 

- air pollution and smog? 

- exposure to dangerous ultraviolet rays? 

- impure drinking water? 

- polluted water at venues? 

- poor indoor air quality? 

- hazardous chemicals, building materials, etc.? 

3. What standards have been adopted in the above potential risk areas? 


C. Resource Conservation and Pollution Prevention Measures 

1. What steps will be taken to conserve energy? 

2. Will the use of renewable energy sources be encouraged? 

3. What waste management targets have been set and what strategies are 

planned to meet them? 

4. What steps will be taken to reduce the impact of the Canada Games on: 

- air quality? 

- water quality? 

- soil quality? 

D. Environmental Protection 

1. Will any existing natural spaces or wilderness be developed? 

2. Will any events be held or facilities built or expanded in protected 

natural areas? 

3. Has an environmental impact assessment been completed for any such 

events/facilities? 

4. What steps are being taken to protect natural spaces, habitat or species? 

5. What restorative or rehabilitative measures will be taken? 

E. Facilities construction and management 

1. What new facilities will be built? 

2. What purpose will they serve following the event? 

3. Are they designed to meet the needs of both the event and post-event 

use: 

- in size? 

- in technological features? 

- in location? 

4. Can temporary facilities serve the needs of the event equally well? 


F. Transportation 

1. What will the impact of the event be on transportation levels and 

infrastructure? 

2. How will any anticipated demand increases be addressed? 

3. What steps will be taken to encourage use of public transportation and 

active transportation by competitors, participants and spectators? 

G. Legacy 

1. What steps have been taken to ensure a positive legacy from the event: 

- economically? 

- socially? 

- environmentally? 


Appendix E: The 1997 Ryder Cup and Valderrama – 

Environmental Management 

Overview 

The 1997 Ryder Cup at Valderrama is "Committed to Green". It is the first 

major golf event to introduce a green dimension in order to demonstrate that 

golf courses and golf events can be positive role models for environmental 

good practice. This adds a further distinguishing mark to the 1997 Ryder Cup 

matches which are being played for the first time ever in Continental Europe. 

The project is a joint initiative between Valderrama Golf Club, Ryder Cup 

Limited, the Royal Spanish Golf Federation and the European Golf 

Association (EGA) Ecology Unity, with co-funding from the European 

Commission. 

As this is the first golf event to adopt a green programme, it has been 

important to set goals which are both worthwhile and achievable without 

being over ambitious. This is meant to be a foundation for future events to 

improve upon. Accordingly the environmental package for the 1997 Ryder 

Cup aims to be challenging enough to demonstrate leadership and 

commitment, to inspire others and to merit public recognition. The key 

elements are as follows: 

Environmental Management at Valderram a 

The Valderrama management is actively following the certification 

procedure under the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program. For the last 

two and a half years the club has also been the lead pilot site in an ECsupported 

project to develop an Environmental Management Programme for 

Golf Courses. Accordingly, Valderrama has been working to meet the 

required standards for: environmental management policies, nature 

conservation, water management, Integrated Pest Management, waste 

management, and outreach and education. 

Environmental Management for the 1997 Ryder Cup 

A series of measures to demonstrate environmental awareness in the 

management of a golfing event are being implemented. The principle areas of 

focus include: 

• transportation (using shuttles to reduce pollution and congestion and 

quieter vehicles on the golf course) 

• waste management (recycling and re-using materials) 

• infrastructure and construction (site protection, community benefits) 

• creating partnerships (with sponsors/suppliers, local authorities, 

environmental groups) 


Awareness Raising and Education 

The environmental message is being promoted via TV, press and on-site 

information and interpretation facilities. Key measures include; features in 

TV magazine programmes leading up to the event, interviews with star 

players, wildlife film sequence shot a Valderrama for use in live broadcasts, 

briefing notes for commentators and journalists and a post-event video. 

This entire environmental programme is being coordinated by the EGA 

Ecology Unit working in close liaison with the event organisers, hosts and 

other key stakeholders. It is above all an open, accessible campaign for all 

parties involved in the 1997 Ryder Cup. To this end we are launching a 

"Committed to Green Club" to enable sponsors, suppliers, and exhibitors to 

demonstrate their support and, where applicable, to showcase their own 

environmental programmes, products and technologies. 

Environmental Management at Valderrama 

Fir several years, Valderrama Golf has been working to ensure that correct 

environmental practices are followed. The Club was an early subscriber to the 

Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program and is currently aiming to achieve 

fully certified status. As a pioneer in the development of an Environmental 

Management Programme for golf courses in Europe, Valderrama will be the 

first European golf course to be officially recognized through the "Committed 

to Green" campaign. These programmes require adherence to an integrated 

management plan based on the following main headings. 

Environmental policy 

A detailed environmental policy provided the foundation for the 

management programme. It embraces a commitment to Best Management 

Practice and to be seen to be implementing recommended measures. 

Nature conservation 

Valderrama is a haven for a rich variety of wildlife - nearly 300 species of 

plants and over 100 species of birds inhabit the golf course. Regular 

monitoring of the flora and fauna of Valderrama has been undertaken since 

the beginning of 1993. This forms the basis of the conservation and education 

programmes. Several nature sanctuaries totalling over 20 hectares have been 

identified in the golf course and these are protected from disturbance. 

Water resources management 

Consumption of large quantities of fresh water is a key issue. The installation 

of the state of the art Toro 8000 computerised irrigation system, with 

dedicated link to and on-site weather station is a key element in the drive 

reduce the amount of water used at Valderrama. Water quality management 

is addressed though having a closed internal circulation system, with all 

eventual outflow channelled to the local treatment works. The introduction 


in 1997 of monitoring of aquatic macro-invertebrates provides a new measure 

of water quality control. 

Integrated Pest Management 

During 1997, Valderrama adopted a full IPM programme under the guidance 

of Dr. Charles Peacock, Professor of Crop Science at the State of North 

Carolina. This emphasises a first line approach using cultural management 

methods, including the designation of buffer zones and no-spray areas 

around water courses, setting of pest tolerance thresholds and regular 

scouting. A key aim is to reduce continually the amount of pesticides used. 


A comprehensive waste management programme has been introduced and 

includes renovation of the maintenance yards to provide full safeguards 

against chemical and fuel spills, and better storage facilities for hazardous 

products. Grass clippings are collected in special bins and taken away for 

disposal. 

Outreach and Education 

The environmental work of Valderrama has not been kept a secret. Every 

edition of the club newsletter contains a whole page feature on local wildlife 

and there is often reference to green issues in the Captain's Notebook. 

Publication of nature guides and siting of interpretation plaques are 

increasing the profile of this work. 

Environment Management for the 1997 Ryder Cup 

Measures to "green" the event, - the most publicly visible part of golf - form 

an important part of the Ryder Cup, and are running in tandem with the 

environmental initiatives for Valderrama Golf Course. The Ryder Cup is the 

first major golf event to address the following aspects in an environmental 

context. 


There are three key elements under this theme. First the use of shuttle buses 

and other forms of mass transportation to reduce the amount of private car 

use in the 

vicinity of the golf course, and thereby limit congestion, noise and air 

pollution. A "no-idling" policy aims to further reduce fuel waste and air 

pollution. The third element is to use quieter, less polluting vehicles for 

official use; such as Toro "Workmen" and Club Car electric golf carts on the 

course. 

Waste management 

The focus of this is a major recycling operation sponsored by Eastman 

Chemical 


Company through their Good Sports Always Recycle campaign. This has 

identified PET plastic materials for cups and bottles, which can most 

effectively be recycled. The recycled cups and bottles, made from Eastapak® 

Polymer, will be recycled again for use in new applications, such as clothing 

and packaging. Anticipated volumes, preferred collection container designs, 

locations and emptying schedules have all been taken into account. 

Limpiasol, the appointed cleaning and waste management company are 

coordinating the collection and sorting of waste, using a team of volunteers 

provided by the Junta of Andalucia. 

Materials management 

Consuming less resources and materials will offer both environmental and 

cost 

benefits. This theme embraces purchasing policies for environmentally 

preferred 

materials, with the emphasis on reducing where possible and then seeking 

materials which can either be reused or recycled. This covers items such as 

stationery, printing processes, signs, souvenirs, merchandise, etc. 

Infrastructure and construction 

As an existing facility, relatively little new construction has been required at 

Valderrama. New car parking facilities are located on sites already designated 

for future development. Catering and hospitality centres are all to be 

temporary structures and have been sited to avoid removing mature trees. 

Additional mains power services have been brought to Valderrama by 

Sevillana de Electricidad S.A. using electricity generated at the new cleanburn 

natural gas power plant at Tarifa. This means cleaner energy than the 

usual diesel generators, and at the same time local services have been 

upgraded, thereby benefiting the wider community. 

Creating Partnerships 

The Ryder Cup's "Committed to Green" applies to everyone and aims to 

involve all stakeholder groups. The environmental dimensions of the 1997 

Ryder Cup extends across the region. Valderrama Golf Club has signed an 

accord with San Roque Town Council and the Environment Commission of 

the Junta of Andalucia to examine wider ecological and socio-economic 

factors relating to golf development in Andalucia. A special Ryder Cup theme 

Summer School in July 1997 was organised by the University of Cadiz in 

collaboration with the EGA Ecology Unit. 

Awareness Raising and Education 


The Ryder Cup presents a special opportunity to raise awareness of the 

environmental role of golf courses to a global audience. By integrating 

environmental actions within the event organisation and presentation, the 

green message should be conveyed more effectively to the golfing and general 

public. 

Communication through the media 

Features on environmental projects and wildlife of Valderrama were 

broadcast as a part of monthly TV magazine programmes produced by PGA 

European Tour productions in the lead up to the event and during a special 

preview programme. These included statements from some of the star 

players: Colin Montgomery, Berhard Langer and Steve Ballesteros, to 

reinforce the environmental message. Some wildlife and habitat scenes are to 

be used during the live broadcasts during the matches as part of title 

sequences, links and fillers. Environmental briefing notes have been supplied 

to TV commentators. The golfing and general press have been kept up to date 

with regular information bulletins during the build up period and a dedicated 

environmental press conference during the Ryder Cup week. 

Publications 

Special publications relating to this programme include an Environmental 

Statement on Valderrama Golf Courses, conference papers and a Valderrama 

nature poster. There will also be a post - event video combining the 

environmental and golfing highlights as a promotional tool for "Committed 

to Green" 

On-site Information 

Visitors to Valderrama during the Ryder Cup can see several tangible signs of 

the environmental campaign: on signs, vehicles, equipment and other event 

related materials, the "Committed to Green" slogan and logo appear on all 

official publications alongside a simple message reminding readers to think 

about recycling and to do their bit to help the environment. A series of five 

interpretative plaques have been place a key locations around the golf courses 

to inform visitors about the ecology of Valderrama, the role of the nature 

sanctuaries and their significance for wildlife conservation. 

Launch of the Plan - European Environmental Management Programme for 

Golf Courses 

The value of the "Committed to Green" campaign is not just limited to the 

Ryder Cup and other major events. Our message is that every golf club, 

indeed every golfer, can do something positive for the environment. The 

whole of golf can be "Committed to Green". 

The Ryder Cup is, therefore also going to serve as the launching pad for a 

pan-European Environmental Management Programme for golf courses. 

This will be akin to the Audubon system in the USA and Canada, in that it 


offers golf clubs the incentive of official recognition for improving their 

environmental performance. It is to be a voluntary scheme open to all golf 

facilities in Europe, providing them with a means to demonstrate their 

commitment to environmental quality.

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