Photovoltaics in Buildings A Design Guide - DTI Home Page

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38 KEY POINTS 1. The cost of PVs can be offset against the cost of the building elements they replace. Nonetheless, PV costs are presently high. 2. Sizing a PV installation tends to be an iterative process in which energy requirements, area available and costs are examined. 3. PV electricity replaces conventionally-generated power and so provides an environmental benefit of reduced CO2 emissions. At present this is difficult to evaluate monetarily. REFERENCES 1. Davis, Langdon and Everest (Ed.), (1998), Spon’s Architects’ and Builders’ Price Book. E&FN Spon: London. 2. ECOTEC, ECD and NPAC, (1998), The Value of Electricity Generated from Photovoltaic Power Systems in Buildings. ETSU S/P2/00279/REP. ETSU: Harwell. 3. Ibid., p. 23. 4. Ibid., p. 23. 5. Ibid., p. Case 2a.wk4. 6 Greenpeace with original research by Halcrow Gilbert Associates, (1996), Building Homes with Solar Power. Greenpeace, London. 7 Solar Radiation data is available from a number of sources including the CIBSE Guide. 8. See reference 2, p. 84. 9. See reference 2, p. 52. 10. See reference 2, p. 24.
5 PVs in buildings 5.1 Introduction Having determined that PVs are suitable, and having done an approximate load analysis and sizing of the array, the designer can move on to selecting the components and developing their integration within the building. This chapter examines a number of these aspects of the PV system. 5.2 Grid-connection and metering Figure 5.1 shows a grid-connected PV installation, thus developing Figure 2.10 in more detail. Obviously, it is notional - the actual design will require the services of electrical engineers. Note that the inclusion and arrangement of components will also vary with the system and the manufacturers. Figure 5.1 A grid-connected PV installation 39
Page 1 and 2: Photovoltaics in Buildings A Design
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. What
Page 5 and 6: Figure 4.3 Unit electricity cost 34
Page 7 and 8: 1 Introduction If the 19th century
Page 9 and 10: Another starting point was planting
Page 11 and 12: Common PVs available are monocrysta
Page 13 and 14: Generally, grid-connected PV system
Page 15 and 16: is a high level of solar radiation
Page 17 and 18: If we take a 50m 2 monocrystalline
Page 19 and 20: KEY POINTS 1. PVs produce DC which
Page 21 and 22: 3 PVs on buildings 3.1 Introduction
Page 23 and 24: Figure 3.1 Shading effects by neigh
Page 25 and 26: voltage and is the load at a moment
Page 27 and 28: Ventilation and modules Chapter 2 a
Page 29 and 30: Figure 3.7 (continued) e) Atrium f)
Page 31 and 32: 3.6.1 Roof-based systems Roofs have
Page 33 and 34: Rainscreen cladding systems Rainscr
Page 35 and 36: KEY POINTS 1. PVs need to be consid
Page 37 and 38: 4 Costs and sizing 4.1 Introduction
Page 39 and 40: The approach outlined below is to h
Page 41 and 42: If we chose to provide an array tha
Page 43: 4.4 The future of costs Generally,
Page 47 and 48: Power Conditioning Units The PCU sh
Page 49 and 50: Earthing and Lightning Protection T
Page 51 and 52: 5.5 Plant rooms Ideally the plant r
Page 53 and 54: 6 Case Study 6.1 Introduction This
Page 55 and 56: Surface area To assess this require
Page 57 and 58: If monocrystalline silicon cells we
Page 59 and 60: Choice of module For the building t
Page 61 and 62: 6.4 Future detailed design It was a
Page 63 and 64: Appendix A A.1 The Photovoltaic Eff
Page 65 and 66: A.6 Balance of system losses In Cha
Page 67 and 68: References and Bibliography We list
Page 69 and 70: Global Irradiance The total irradia
Page 71 and 72: Illustration Acknowledgements The a

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