The structure and function of serpins

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E P I T H E L I A L C R O I I I A L I : CALCIUM pmbh was resolved when ADP was included. which rhihr Eat wideme that ddiim was involved in cmrrtaik CamC fmm the ~eninMty ofthe channel imo phfliobgial ATP toncenlra- nudies oftoid utinary bladder. in which sodium abroiplion il lions ilk rmrnwe to ATPADP ratim rather thin ATP %reif. inhibited by calcium imophorer. Patch clamp nudier revealed The ATPADP ratio ii integral to lhe coupling bnween the that caicium inhibiü both the sodium and the potasium chanpota~innn charnel and the sodiumipotarrium pump. which is a nel, abhwgh in the former raie indredy, Cellvlw calcium lweli w~i~~~mumerofATP:it~rnpomibleforuptoM)per ran 80 be InflUenCEd by sodium fluxes thmugh the aaRNticI of cent of an epithelial cell's ATP UK, whui a is active. paariium ye1 another exchanger. I lodiudcalcium exchanger. which ions flood imo the cell. ATP lwek dmp (and ADP levels ne). expels rikium and imporb radium. Thk pump is renritive IO IO the pdar+m channel il opened. Cellular metabolism is inlraceilvlar radium. providing M addnional mechanism for therefore a potent mxlalk signal. leedbek CDmmlof sodium fluxer (se facing page). Take lhe human col~n. As mmiioned above. aldonemm on enhance sodium uptake by gut q%h& But il can dro inhibn chlotide secretion, thereby exening I powedul influente on body id1 leveli and on water retention. Sodium and chlotide ion flow occur piedominamly in inioldi or'mpts', each containing about 30 dlr. It has been rugpled that chidde is secreted al the boum of oyps and sodium abrorted at the top. but Pmferror Hakey believer that cells exponing chloride are pedebly able IO absort $odium It appearr that chlotide secretion is nomaliy dependat ai high lweli olinuacelluiar calcium which aas indiredy through a cai- ciumdependent pofariium channel: potadurn efbs *rough these channeir are "red to mumtrtdance the mwement ol negatkly charged cidoride ianr Now, immningly, this potarri- um channel has an unurud pH renyiMry. It is oplimalh. aclke at 19
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The structure and function of serpins

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